Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-Xix, izazinzulu zaseFrance iShoria kunye ne-mayo, ngoncedo lwe-nickel nobhedu lwe-alfay, edale isinyithi, esinokulandela kakuhle isilivere yendalo. I-Alloty yaqala ukufaka isicelo sokwenza isicelo se-cutlery kunye nezitya, kwaye ke imihlobiso yaqala ukwenza imihlobiso, kunye nezixhobo zonyango kunye neenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwezobugcisa.
Mlkior ndakhawuleza ndangena kwifashoni, ke phantse zonke iintsapho, ezinobutyebi azivumanga ukuba zisikeze kwisilivere, iifolokhwe, imingxunya yemithendeleko yayivela kumgama ovela kum. Ixabiso lemveliso enjalo aliphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ngenkangeleko kwakunzima ukwahlula isilivere. Nangona kunjalo, iindwendwe zazifanele ziyipeyinta ngokupheleleyo iimpahla zetafile ukusuka kumliki ukuze ube nokubonakala kubiza kwaye kuyabonakala.
Yintoni?
Ifomula yekhemikhali ye-melchior ithetha I-computer yobhedu kunye ne-nickel metals Ithathwe kwiipesenti ezithile, iziphumo apho i-alloy ifunyenwe khona, ebonakala ikhangeleka kwaye inemibala yesilivere. Intsimbi enjalo iye yaba luhlobo lwesikhubekiso sabantu - abantu abangazaziyo ukwahlula isilivere ukusuka kwi-melchior evela kwi-melchior evela kwi-MELCOHE kwaye bahlala bebona, ukufumana iimveliso zotywala ngexabiso lesilivere.
Ngamanye amaxesha intsimbi kunye ne-manganese yongeza kwi-nopker Allo of i-nickel yokwandisa uxinzelelo kunye namandla ezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuba iMagnet yaziswa kwimveliso enjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba iqaphele ukuba ibonakalisile iipropathi zayo zobugqwithi kwaye ibukhali, ngelixa iimveliso zesilivere bezingakwazi ukubonisa iipropathi zemagazini.
Emva kokwenza uvavanyo oluninzi, iingcali zaqala ukwenza i-tulchie ye-teki ezahlukeneyo, ezazifumana amagama abo kwaye zafumana iindawo ezithile zezicelo zodwa.
Imbonakalo
Ekuqaleni, uMelkior wakhulelwa njengeyona nto ibizayo kwisilivere. Ngembonakalo, imveliso evela kobhedu kunye ne-nickel ayihlukile kwisilivere, babonakala ngathi bathandekile kwaye benobubele, kodwa babenexabiso eliphantsi kunesilivere. Kwakunzima ngakumbi ukumisela izinto ezivakalayo, ukuba umfo wegolide, isilivere okanye ungqimba lweRhodium lwasetyenziswa ngaphezulu. Umahluko phakathi kwesilivere kwaye i-melchior ayikho kuphela phakathi kwe-alloys yabo, kodwa nakwimigaqo yokukhathalela iimveliso.
Ukwakhiwa
I-alloy equka isiseko se-nickel-nickel yeklasi yezinyithi ezingengabi. Ngokusisiseko, i-melchior iqulathe ubhedu, kunye ne-nickel kunye nolunye umthetho okongezwayo njenge-ligature, olunika ubunzima obuyilindelekileyo kunye nokuqina. Ukuqulunqwa kwezinyithi ezisebenzayo kwi-alloy kuvumela umxholo uvumela ukuba kungabi nako ukunyanzela, ukucinezela emoyeni. Ziindawo zentsimbi engenanto kunye neShine yayo yesilivere yaba yeyona ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ixabisekile kwi-melchior.
Ekuqaleni, i-Melchior yayiquka ubhedu kuphela kunye ne-nickel, kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha, ukwakhiwa kwayo kwenziwa igqibelele kwaye yahluka. Kwakukho iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zeMelchior. Ukuqulunqwa kwezinyithi kwi-melchior yanamhlanje kunokuba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ubhedu-ukusuka kwi-65 ukuya kwi-90%;
- I-nickel (ngamanye amaxesha ekongezwa kwe-cobabalt) - ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-30%;
- I-Manganese-Akukho ngaphezulu kwe-1%;
- Iron - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-1%.
Kwezinye iimpawu zeMelchior, kukho i-zinc eyathe yathatyathwa yinxalenye ethile ye-nickel. I-lallous alloy yayinombala wesilivere onesilivere kwaye ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweengqekembe. Ngenxa yeyantlukwano ye-Melchior Alloy, ifikelela kwinto yokuba ekupheleni kwe-filamenis ezivela ku-Brass baqala ukubiza ngaphandle kwe-melchior.
I-Waltuy yanamhlanje ye-melchior yimpahla eyomeleleyo, engenanto. Ngenxa yomxholo omkhulu wobhedu, umphezulu weemveliso ukusuka kwi-melchior kuya kulala kakhulu.
Ukugcina uhlobo lokuqala kwemveliso, kubalulekile ukucoca kwaye khazimlisani zombini joliso umbala kwaye emva kokuba usebenzise amachiza.
Ukumakisha
Ngeemveliso ezenziwe ngo-Melchior Alloy, kukho ibala (isampulu) equka oonobumba ababini: m kunye n. Ezi leta zichonga ukuba i-alloty ibandakanya ubhedu kunye ne-nickel. Ukuba kukho iimitha kunye ne-MC ecaleni koonobumba, iimpawu ezinjalo zibonise ukuba kwi-LIGAT, i-Aleloy ibandakanya intsimbi kunye ne-manganese. Ukongeza kwi-alfabhethi, ibala kwiimveliso ze-melchior lawanamanani. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-MTF 30-1 lubonise ukuba kwi-alloty, ukongeza kwisiseko sobhedu, iqulethe i-30% yeNickel, i-1% yentsimbi kunye ne-1% manganese.
Iimveliso ezivela kwi-melchior zenziwa kwilizwe lethu ukuya kwisithuba sokubohloka kwe-USSR, emva koko kwaqala ukuvelisa i-zinc. Isiphumo yayinguNexilibe-enye yeentlobo ze-melchior. Izinto ezivela kwi-nodper-nickel alloy ngaphandle kongezwa i-zinc ngoku inokuthengwa ngaphandle kwevenkile ka-Antique. Iimveliso ezenziwe ngo-nezber ngembonakalo kunye namandla angabonakaliswanga kwisilivere, yiyo kuphela isilivere xa unxibelelana nomgangatho omanzi kwaye emoyeni unokufana mnyama kunye ne-winc yonke i-zinc iya kuhlala ingaguquki.
Inqaku elahlukileyo le-nezber sisitampu sayo. Ke ukuba Melchior ilebhile breakdown MN, ngoko ke ingxubevange zinc sele omnye yokumakisha - ITC. Maxa wambi kuyenzeka ukuba akukho iisampuli imveliso. Ke ukuba amisele ukwakhiwa kufuneka wazi umhla wokwenziwa kwayo okanye ukuqikelela umbala lemveliso ubukho Tint bulubhelu kuso: ukuba akukho umbala ezinjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba nezilber, hayi Melchior.
Iimpawu metal
Iimpawu ingxubevange yobhedu ne-nickel zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Ingxubevange Asingeni indlela oxidative mpilo;
- lakufumana saline kunye nezisombululo emuncu, kuqukwa amanzi olwandle;
- ubonisa ukumelana iigesi;
- kakuhle bangenwe spike, ipolishi;
- Ukuxinana ebonakalayo 8900 kg / m3;
- ukumelana zombane ngqo yi 284-285 n / m, kunene uxhathiso ubhedu nge ngamaxesha 20;
- Ukuba akukho yemanganizi intsimbi ingxubevange, i Melchior uya kuba ngumbhexeshi electric current;
- ngaphandle elimsulwa zentsimbi kumafa yayo, ingxubevange akayi kuba impahla magnetization;
- Le Amandla Melchior enokuthelekiseka kunye namandla ensimbi;
- Kweelana umbandela umsantsa yi 380-400 MPA;
- inqanaba yobulukhuni Brinell na iiyunithi 66-70.
Melchior uthathwa intsila eyomeleleyo ngaphezu kwesilivere, lo gama ubunzima bayo ngokuphawulekayo ngaphantsi kunolo metal amanene.
Ubushushu bokunyibilika
Ukuze anike Melchiorem ingxubevange lukhuni, aqhube unyango ekhethekileyo ubushushu, elolu hlobo lulandelayo: Le intsila lusitsha ukuze 260-300 ° C, uze ayinike ngcembe okupholisa eziko, ukunciphisa ngokwendalo iqondo lobushushu. inkqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuba Nagarovka. Ngayo, Melchior kwenziwa ixesha elide kakhulu.
ukucaciswa Product:
- Melchior zanyibilika Ibanga lobushushu ukususela 1190 ukuya 1230 ° C kwaye kuxhomekeke ukwakhiwa ingxubevange;
- Izalathi si zokunikwa amandla ethile ubushushu i-avareji ye ukuya ku 390-400 j / kg, esizibonakalisa ngokwayo kubushushu ka +15 ukuya + 25 ° C;
- kuqamba Melchioric abawuthobeli kwiinkqubo oxidative, ukuba iqondo okukufutshane liya kuba phakathi ukuya + 150 ° C.
Ukususela composition ukwakhiwa ligature lisetyenziswa ingxubevange, isalathisi iintsimbi plasticity iya kuxhomekeka. I elikhulu kumafa zawo zentsimbi manganese, uphantsi 'ngumlingani ka lukhuni i Melchior.
Iintlobo ze
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaphezulu kwama-65 aluminiyamu metal ezahlukeneyo baziwa, ziphantsi iqela jikelele Melchior. ingxubevange nganye enjalo igama layo kunye neepropati, elizifumana umboniso kumakisha nepesenti nokwakheka mbandela.
Cinga aluminiyamu zixhaphakileyo.
- MONEL. Metal ingxubevange iqulethe kumafa kwawo 66-67% nickel. Le izinto kabanzi ezisetyenziswayo xa kwenziwa imveliso kwezixhobo zonyango, ezisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa imveliso ezifunekayo eolini nemichiza iinkalo kwishishini imikhumbi le.
- Constantan. I-alloy ayinayo ngaphezulu kwe-40-41% ye-nickel, enika izinto ezinzima kunye namandla. Esi sixhobo sisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa koomatshini bokusika ngokwesinyithi kunye nemigca.
- Isilivere. I-alloty iqulethe kwi-15% i-nickel, kwaye i-zinc yongezwa njenge-ligature. Olu lwabiwo lwe-melchior lusetyenziselwa umba we-Bekis esifubeni, iingqekembe zemali kunye nokuhonjiswa kwenziwe kuyo, kunye neenxalenye ezisetyenziswa ekwenzeni izixhobo ezichanekileyo.
Ukwenza i-cutlery kunye ne-tens, i-zinc ayisebenzi, kwaye ke ngexesha lesidlo ayizange ivakale ngathi imbi yentsimbi, umphezulu we-cutlery ugutyungelwe ngumaleko ocekeceke okanye wesilivere.
Iindawo zokusebenzisa
Ukusukela oko i-melchior ayichasanga emanzini etayitile yolwandle, ityhilwe kuyo, esetyenziswa kwinqanaba lokuhambisa ilwandle. Ukuqhubela kombane okuphezulu kusivumela ukuba sisebenzise izabelo ze-telchive zokuveliswa kwemiqolo, abaqeqesha kunye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo. Ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-melchior nakwicandelo lecandelo le-AutoMotive: I-alloy yentsimbi igubungela iinxalenye ezithile zendlela yemoto ukwenzela ukuthintela ukungavisisani kwabo.
Ukusuka kwi-Copper-iNCEL ALTE yenza izinto zamanzi, amanqindi, i-valve kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokubonelela ngamanzi. I-Melchioric Waloty isetyenziswa kunyango: iimveliso ezenziwe ngazo ezi zinto zinokuphinda zibekwe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Kwangaxeshanye, abaphumi, bahlala kwimo yayo yoqobo.
I-cutlery kunye nezitya
Ukususela kumzuzu wokuyilwa kwe-Melchior Alloy, yayisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwamagumbi okudlela kunye nezinto zombane, nto leyo ebuhleni babo banokuthi bakhuphisane neemveliso zesilivere. Iiseti zeZinto zeMelkior Iipilethi, iifolokhwe kunye neempuku ezisetyenziswa ngexesha lemibhiyozo: Isicwangciso esinjalo sihombise itafile kunye ne-gliver yayo eqaqambileyo. I-VAPSE yeziqhamo okanye iilekese, ii-sollings, iisosi, iitreyitha ngeseti yezitawuli, iijugs kunye neeglasi zenziwe njenge-cutlery evela kwi-cyley alwir alwir alloy.
Izitya ezivela kwi-melchior yayingadani kwaye inike. I-ketene, umnini wenkanyezi, isipuni esine-enamel - yonke le nto ayifanelekanga, kodwa inqweneleka, kwaye yaziswa nakweyiphi na imeko. Of Melchior, samovars iti enkulu kunye Turks ekuphekeni ikofu zazisoloko kwenziwa. Ngaphakathi, ezi zinto zinokugutyungelwa ngabeki we-tin ukuze xa ivutha emanzini, zonke izinto eziyingozi zahlulahlulwe. I-Melchior Coaster yayinengxaki yokuqhutywa kwe-melchior ephantsi: ukubeka iti iti eshushu kuyo, bekungayi koyiki ukutshisa iminwe kwipati.
Ukuhonjiswa
Isilivere glitter ye-Allody yensimbi engapheliyo engazange ishiye ngokungakhathali kunye nabathandi bobucwebe. Iimveliso Melchioric ngokuqinileyo kuyo niche lwabo kule ndawo, kodwa hayi nje fake zesilivere, kodwa nemveliso evela metal elikhethekileyo afuna. Imihombiso ezenziwe ngobhedu-nickel ingxubevange, kube kwiqondo eliphezulu ukuguga ngamachiza Ukuntsonkotha embonakalweni. Bona Zazihonjiswe Ukongezelela kunye abamnyama ezizodwa, fakela patina, kugcinwa ngendlela afakwe.
Melchior badla ezihonjiswe ngesiliva: Oku kwaziwa nje kuphela inkangeleko ngobuchule, kodwa kumele iipropati kubola ngenxa ion zesilivere. Lidla ingxubevange sobhedu nickel ke ezihonjiswe gilding. Ngokomthetho oku kwenziwa izacholo kunye zezikhumbozo. Umaleko igolide isicelo nomphezulu imveliso ayidluli 1 micrometer, kodwa xa sisebenzisa kwi indlela nesingxobo, ngoko ke ukuxhathisa loo gilding a liya kuba phezulu kakhulu.
Gold alekwe Melchior nkqu ukusetyenziswa imihla angalahlekelwa iipropati yayo. Oku hypoallergen nekhuselekileyo ukusetyenziswa xa utsalela isikhumba.
Indlela yokwahlukanisa ukusuka steel stainless?
Gqiba ekhaya, Melchior phambi kwakho okanye insimbi kunzima kakhulu. Ukwenza lula umsebenzi, ungasebenzisa amacebiso kwiingcali.
- Inkcazelo nge isampula. On iimveliso ezivela yobhedu nickel ingxubevange, babeka ibala ekhethekileyo ngohlobo iincwadi MN, leyo zinokudityaniswa kunye neeleta, MC, C kunye neenombolo ebonisa ipesenti ligature. Akukho enjalo zokumakisha iimveliso insimbi.
- Ukuba isicelo nethontsi lamanzi phezu ingxubevange nickel nangobhedu, ngoko kweeyure ezimbalwa kamva, endaweni ukuhla, uya kubona indawo yomsebenzisi, ngelixa amabala steel stainless ayiniki.
- Pharmacy Lyapis Ipensile On the Melchior Products ishiya umzila emnyama, yaye insimbi - akukho.
- Melchiorovy ingxubevange It has iipropati ezincinane Imagnethi yomhlaba, kwaye insimbi - hayi, njengoko liye chromium kunye nickel.
- Ingxubevange ye Melchior kukuphinda-3 kubiza kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuba ingxubevange of insimbi, njengoko Melchior iqulethe nickel olubiza kakhulu.
steel stainless kudla uzama ukunika isilivere okanye ukwakhiwa Melchior, kodwa Melchior isoloko ifumaneka fakes ubucwebe anqabileyo, izitya kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuba sixelise zesilivere.
Ungakhathalela njani?
Ngoko ke ukuba iimveliso ukusuka nickel nobhedu ingxubevange wakhangela ngokwaneleyo yaye itsale ingqalelo yabo ubuhle babo, kufuneka njalo ihlaziywa kusetyenziswa wokucoca ipolishi. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ingasetyenziswa ngumgubo wamazinyo, sisincoko ngetshokhwe okanye ummeli eyenzelwe ukuba ukunyamekela izinto ezenziwe amatye anqabileyo kunye aluminium. Kubalulekile ukuba kuhlanganiselo arhente ezinjalo zokucoca akukho amacandelo asidi okanye izinto chlorine, ekubeni ezi izinto benza ayihlasela nzima phezu komhlaba mveliso Melchior.
Nazi iiresiphi ezimbalwa usebenzisa leyo, unako nihlamba zokutya okanye imihombiso.
- Umphezulu iphathwa kunye soda unyityilikiswa emanzini Xa umlinganiselo 50 g yesoda 1 l bolwelo nganye. Ayikhuthazwa ngumgubo eyomileyo soda ecocekileyo, ekubeni emva nkqubo, imikrwelo angavela kumphezulu mveliso. Emva unyango kunye soda ngesoda, imveliso kufuneka zihlanjwe ngamanzi kwaye yome ngetawuli ngeku, njengamathontsi imanzi uya kuba amabala.
- Enye yeresiphi soda: Kwisikhongozeli aluminiyamu, kuyimfuneko ukuba umaleko ngefoyile ye ndinithululele ngayo kunye nesisombululo yesoda (olinganise efanayo version yangaphambili). Okulandelayo ukuba isikhongozeli kufuneka ulisonge izinto oceba ukuyicoca. Isikhongozeli kwambatha esitovini, kunye nemixholo yawo kuyalungiswa ithumba. Ke into nganye yoxukuxwa ngamanzi kunye osule owomileyo ngelaphu.
- Yeresiphi ammonia: Xa amanzi ashushu, nentwana ammonia kotywala uhlobo kunye nemveliso evela Melchior zibekwe kwi isisombululo ngenxa. Emva kwexesha elithile, izinto zisuswe isicombululo, akuhlanjwanga ngamanzi acocekileyo neyomileyo yomile, ipolishi ilaphu yazo yobuhlakani.
- Ukucocwa leqanda: Leqanda kufuneka ngokucokisekileyo kutyunyuzwa kumgubo lowo wodongwe karhulumente - kwanele ukuba iqokobhe evela amaqanda-2. I-powder egg shell ibekwe ngendlela enkulwana, wathulula phezu ilitha yamanzi kwaye dibanisa 20 g of neetyuwa. kunye nesisombululo Capacity babeka umlilo azifikise ithumba. Ke iimveliso melchive ezilungiselelwe wokucoca ibekwa isisombululo abilayo uze uyithabathe, uyipheke kubo ubuncinane imizuzu eli-2-3. Emva koko, izinto zisuswe yesisombululo, zohlanjwa ngamanzi, womile kwaye likhazimlisiwe kunye inyama ehlambulukileyo.
Emva kokuba zokucoca kunye nenkqubo ipolishi igqityiwe, iimveliso ezenziwe Melchior ingxubevange kufuneka isuswe ukuze agcine kwibhokisi ekhethekileyo okanye umcimbi ngaphakathi ethambileyo. Ngaphakathi mzekelo yokugcina kufuneka lomile kwaye licocekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto melchive sele okuthengiswa zahlanganiswa kwiibhokisi ezizodwa okanye iimeko, ngoko ke, kuya kuba kuhle ukuba iimveliso ukugcina kuzo.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba Ukuphepha ukungakhuseleki ukufuma, zeekhemikali okanye isiqholo izinto. Kwakhona, iimveliso kufuneka bakhuselwe kwiimpembelelo mechanical irhabaxa. Ebona le mithetho ayinzima, enza rhoqo inkqubo ukucocwa ipolishi, ungabona izivatho zenu melchive okanye ukulisika izixhobo iminyaka emininzi.
Malunga nendlela ukucoca Melchior ngemizuzu emibini, bona ividiyo elandelayo.