Isitya sendlu yangasese sisixhobo esisetyenzisiweyo ukusebenzisa inkunkuma yasekhaya kunye nemveliso yabantu kwiinkqubo zokuntywila kwiinkqubo zokuntywila. Ifakwe kwindawo yokuhlala, kwezobugcisa nezobuchwephesha.
Sisixhobo sokuzibandakanya esisekhaya sokunyuka kwengozi yendalo, Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kunxulunyaniswa nokuzala kwenani elikhulu leentsholongwane ze-pitogenic kunye nebacteria.
Ukuqinisekisa ezona meko zisebenzayo ezilungileyo zesixhobo, ii-gods ezifanelekileyo kunye neSniva zaphuhliswa. Phakathi kweeparamitha ezimiselweyo ngamaxabiso abonisa umgama ukusuka kwindlu yangasese eludongeni kunye nezinye izinto zangaphakathi.
Iipeksi
Ukufakwa kwendlu yangasese yinkqubo enxulumene noluhlu lweempawu. Ukufezekisa ezona meko zokusebenza ezilungileyo, kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo kwizinto ezikhoyo. Uluhlu lweemfuno zobugcisa ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu kunye nenjongo yegumbi apho isixhobo sokufaka esiya kumiswa khona.
Izakhiwo zokuhlala ezakhiwe ngamacala amaninzi ziye zakhiwa ngokweeprojekthi eziqhelekileyo kwaye zinemilinganiselo efanayo. Iindawo zococeko kwizakhiwo zendlu zikwi-Axis ethe nkqo (inkqo) yonxibelelwano: Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi, ukuntywila kunye nokufudumeza (kwezinye iimeko).
Iimpawu zoyilo lwezakhiwo eziqhelekileyo azivumeli ukuba zibe nendlu yangasese kwindawo engalunganga. Inqaku lokufakwa kwalo libotshelelwe kwindawo ethile yegumbi. Imelwe kukuphela komgama osondeleyo ukusuka kumngxunya othe nkqo.
Ukudluliselwa kwegumbi lokuhlambela ukuya kwenye indawo (kude kwiprojekthi evunyiweyo) kunokubandakanya ukusilela ekungalindelekanga emsebenzini wenkqubo yokwakha. Olu tshintsho luthintelwe ngumthetho.
Iiprojekthi zezindlu ezinamaphepha amaninzi zahlulwe zaba ziindidi ezi-2:
- ngegumbi lokuhlambela elidityanisiweyo;
- C igumbi lokuhlambela elahlukileyo.
Kwimeko yokuqala, indlu yangasese ikwindawo enye negumbi lokuhlambela, ishawa. Kwisibini - ifumaneka kwigumbi elahlukileyo. Kuzo zombini iimeko Kwindawo yendlu yangasese, iiparamitha zomgama eziya kwizinto ezijikelezileyo kunye neendonga ezifakwe zii-GAGES ziyasetyenziswa.
Imilinganiselo evunyiweyo
Isidingo sokujonga umgama sibangelwa ziimeko zokusebenza kwendlu yangasese. Kuba kuncedwe, inkcitho yenkunkuma yasekhaya kunye neemveliso zokuziphilisa zekhaya zichithwe, kukho inani elikhulu leentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane kumphezulu wayo kwaye ziphindaphindeke.
Ubukho babo kunye nokuveliswa kokungalawuleki kwindawo yokuhlala kunokukhokelela ekusasazeni izifo zebhacterial kunye nomntu osemzimbeni womntu weentsholongwane.
Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazwa kwezifo kwaye kukhutshelwe usulelo lomntu, indlu yangasese kufuneka ibekwe kumgama owoneleyo kwizinto ezijikelezileyo kunye neendonga.
Ngenxa yokude kweentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, abanakukwazi ukubamba kwaye bandise apho. Oku kunciphisa amathuba okusasazwa kwabo.
Ngaphandle koko, le meko ilandelayo inokuba: I-microorganisms microorganisms esasazeka ngaphezulu kodonga kunye nezinto zasekhaya. Indoda, ichukumisa iindawo ezosulelekileyo, ziveze emngciphekweni weentsholongwane emzimbeni wayo.
Kwangelo xesha, akakrokrela ukuba umhlaba ococekileyo wemeko sele usulelekile, kwaye akayi kuthatha Amanyathelo okhuselo lokukhuselwa: Hlamba izandla, qhubela phambili ngengcali njalo njalo.
Kwanakwilebhu yaseSoviet, iiparamitha zomgama ukusuka kwiindonga kunye nezinye izinto kwindlu yangasese zachongwa, nto leyo eya kuthi ithintele ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane eziyingozi kunye nebhaktiriya. Zonke izakhiwo ezakhiwe ngaphambi kokuba unyaka ka-1990 iphakanyisiwe ithathela ingqalelo le parameter. Kude kube ngoku, le migangatho ihlala isebenza kwaye isetyenziswe ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziphakamileyo.
Nokuba kwigumbi lokuhlambela elahlukileyo, ukuba kukho indawo encinci, kukho umgama:
- ukusuka embindini wendlu yangasese ukuya eludongeni lwecala;
- ukusuka kumda wendlu yangasese ukuya eludongeni lwecala;
- ukusuka embindini ukuya eludongeni okanye eludongeni;
- ukusuka kumda wangaphambili ukuya emnyango okanye udonga lwangaphambili oluchasene noko;
- Ukusuka kudonga olungasemva lwetanki le-drain ngasemva kwegumbi.
Obude bubonakaliswa yindlela yokuvavanya kwaye ayinangqondo.
Ukongeza kwinto ecocekileyo, Xa ukulahla indawo ekwegumbi, inqanaba lokuphumelela komsebenzi layo lithathelwa ingqalelo. Ukwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa abantu abaneminyaka eyahlukeneyo, ukukhula, ubunzima, umzimba, kunye nabantwana, kubekhona kumgama othile ukusuka eludongeni nakwizinto ezijikelezileyo.
Oku kukuvumela ukuba uzive ukhululekile ngelixa usebenzisa indlu yangasese ukuya kuqeshwa nasezinye iimfuno zasekhaya. Umzekelo, i-remorive efanelekileyo kwicala lodonga ivumela ukucoceka ngokubhekisele kwinkxaso yesitya sangasese, kwaye ugcine iindonga kubunyulu bodonga kufutshane nayo.
Ukulula kunye nokuphumelela kokwenza intsholongwane yinto ephambili.
Iparamitha yomgama:
- I-50-53 cm -umgama omncinci ukusuka kumda wangaphambili kudonga lwangaphambili okanye emnyango;
- I-70-76 cm - owona mgama uphakamileyo ukusuka kwicala langaphambili ukuya eludongeni okanye umnyango (ixabiso eliphakathi);
- I-38-43 cm - Owona mgama ubuncinci ukusuka embindini wendlu yangasese ukuya eludongeni lwecala.
Umgama phakathi kwesixhobo kunye nee-inlets zokunyuka zimiselwa ziimpawu zobugcisa zegumbi.
Kucetyiswa ukubeka indlu yangasese kufutshane nendawo ye-drain.
Kwangelo xesha, umgama ulinganiswe ukusuka embindini wesixhobo, kodwa ukusuka kwisiphelo sayo. Indawo yayo yokuvala ngokugqithileyo kwindawo ye-Nodal yomsimelelo ophambili unokwenza kube nzima ukudibanisa indlu yangasese ukuya kumjelo wesenzi we-Central.
Ngaphandle kweMithetho
Yemilinganiselo echaza eyona ndawo ilunge kakhulu yokubekwa kwendlu yangasese, kukho izinto ezinjalo. Ubukho bugqitywe ziimpawu zobugcisa zegumbi.
Kwizakhiwo, zakhiwanga ngeeprojekthi eziqhelekileyo (izindlu zabucala, iivenkile, ikhefi nabanye), imilinganiselo yendawo yococeko ayinakubonwa.
Isizathu sokuba le: Ukusilela kwesikwere sasimahla, indawo yonxibelelwano okanye umnqweno womniniyo.
Ukophula umthetho wemigaqo yezobugcisa yendawo yangasese ayisiyohliswayo yezibonelelo zawo nawuphi na umthetho ukuba le ndawo yococeko ikwindawo engekho mthethweni okanye ngaphandle kwenjongo yesiqhelo: Izibhedlele, isikolo, iyunithi yomkhosi kwaye inje. Umnini wendawo yezahlulo ngokwawo ukufumanisa indawo yegumbi lokuhlambela.
Iingcebiso
Kukho izinto eziyimfuneko ukuze ziqwalasele imilinganiselo yobume bendlu yangasese nakwizakhiwo zohlobo olungengawo olungelulo. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zinokuphawulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Iiparamitha ezisemgangathweni kunye nobungakanani bezinto zasekhaya, ezifakwe kwigumbi lokuhlambela okanye kufutshane nendlu yangasese (ukuba zidityanisiwe);
- ubukho bezinto eziphezulu zantlukwano kwindawo ye-nodal ye-plum;
- ubungakanani bokumiswa kunye nobume bezinto zokwenza indawo;
- Iimpawu zetekhnoloji yokufakwa kwendlu yangasese.
Izinto zasekhaya ezinokuba kufutshane nendlu yangasese (inyibilikisi, inyibilika ngomatshini wokuhlamba, umatshini owomisayo kunye nabanye) zenziwa ngokwemigangatho enye. Iiparameters iyonke zizitya zangasese zihambelana nazo. Kuthetha ukuba Ukusilela ekuthobeleni iindwendwe ezimisela umgama wokufakelwa kunokumisela ukophula umthetho wokuphunyezwa kokusetyenziswa kokusetyenziswa kwezinto zonke ezihlanganisiweyo.
Nokuba yeyiphi na iimpawu zegumbi, kukho imilinganiselo echaza isiphumo sokusebenza kwendlu yangasese. Ine-angle yotyekelo, phantsi kwayo kunye nesokhet yayo ye-inlet. Nokuba igumbi lenziwa yiprojekthi eqhelekileyo, ixabiso leli thambeka lihlala litshintshiwe.
Umpheliso wakhe Kuyimfuneko ukucwangciswa kwendlu yangasese kumgama ofanelekileyo ukusuka ekuphelisweni kwentengo. Indawo evala kakhulu iya kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukuhlamba. Indawo ekumgama kakhulu ingakhokelela ekuhambeni okulandelayo kwento exhumayo. Ngenxa yoko, phantsi kwesenzo sengqwalaselo, ukuvuza kunokuvela kwindawo yezinto kunye neepateni.
Izinto zokwenza indawo zenziwa ngokwemigangatho efanayo.
Le nyaniso kufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukhetha indawo yendlu yangasese. Ukukhetha okungalunganga komgama kunokukhokelela ekubeni ungabekwanga nakho ukusebenzisa ezinye iindawo zococeko. Umzekelo, usondele kakhulu ekufumaneni umzimba kwivalve yokutshixwa kunokuthintela umsebenzi we-lever yayo, eyakhokelela ekungabikho kungenakwenzeka ekunikezelweni kwamanzi.
Indlu yangasese ixhonywe kwinkxaso ethe nkqo, apho kukho imingxunya emi-2 okanye emi-4 phantsi kobalo utyana. Ngaphambi kokufaka, kufuneka uqhawule amanqaku obalo. Ukwenza oku, ifowuni isekwe kwinqanaba lendawo yayo yokugqibela. Ngemingxunya yokuphakamisa phantsi itampu ifakwe isitampu. Ukuba indlu yangasese ibekwe kufutshane nodonga, uphawu luya kuba nzima kakhulu.
Ukuze ulungiselelo lwezinto ezibandayo phantsi, imingxunya iyadingwa ngokungqinelana nokuphawula. Emva kokubeka indlu yangasese ukuba ibeke kwimingxunya, izintyathulo zifakiwe - ii-bolts okanye i-docel-izipikili. Isikhuselo sale mpahla siya kuba nzima ukuba indlu yangasese ibekwe kufutshane nodonga okanye ezinye izinto zangaphakathi.
Kwividiyo elandelayo, uya kufunda izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uthathele ingqalelo xa ufaka indlu yangasese.