Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale

Anonim

Shumacyada ayaa ah astaan ​​muhiim u ah ciidaha badan, taariikhaha jaceylka, iyo kaliya waqti raaxo leh. U adeegso dhammaan hadafyadan waa alaabada ugu fiican wax badan oo lagu iibiyo dukaamada khaaska ah ama lagu abuuray gacmahaaga.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_2

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_3

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_4

Kala-goysyada

Maanta si aad u buuxiso shumacyo-tayo sare oo tayo sare leh aad ayey u adag tahay - sida caadiga ah, doorbidida waxaa la siiyaa noocyo miisaaniyadeed oo dheeraad ah oo miisaaniyadood. Xalkani waa mid aad khatar ah

Ka soo horjeedda, Shumacyada laga sameeyay wax dabiici ah oo aan la daweyn oo keliya ma aha oo keliya eco-saaxiibtinnimo, laakiin mararka qaarkood xitaa waxtar. Alaabada noocan oo kale ah waxay leeyihiin caraf udgoon dabiici ah oo ah wax, oo la dareemayo markay sanka u soo socdaan.

Si kastaba ha noqotee, haddii wax wax daahir ah uu ku lug leeyahay wax soo saarka, urta ayaa ah mid si ficil ah uga maqnaanaya sababa la xiriira ka saarida cirifka.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_5

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_6

Ku socota shumaca taabashada ee taabashada waa wax fiican oo dabiici ah: mid ka jilicsan ama jilicsan. Waxay si fudud u foorarsan yihiin oo la gooyaa, sida caagga caagga ah, iyagoon jabin oo goyn. Alaabtu waa dhalaalaya, si habsami leh oo tartiib ah. Iyagu ma sameeyaan qulqulka, laakiin marmar si joogto ah u daabacaan jajabka. Gubashada waxaa weheliya dhalaalida iyo abuuritaanka dhibcaha wax qaniinyada ah ee shumaca.

Haddii aad dhalato dhalada korkeeda iftiinka, ka dib sootuhu ma muuqan doono gabi ahaanba, ama waxay noqon doontaa mid aan macquul ahayn. Iyada oo la raacayo waxaa weheli doona soo bixitaanka urta dabiiciga ah. Waxaa mudan in la xuso xaqiiqda ah in loo tixgeliyo in shumaca sheyga ah ee loo arko inay yihiin kuwa raqiis ah, haddii aysan ka ahayn nuqulo naqshadeeye oo gacanta lagu sameeyay.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_7

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_8

Waa maxay wax wax qabataa?

Soosaarka shumacyada waxaa laga fulin karaa dhowr nooc oo wax lagu sameeyo.

Laga soo bilaabo Beland

Beeswax, oo ah waxyaabaha dabiiciga ah ee dabiiciga ah, ayaa muddo dheer loo isticmaalay in lagu abuuro aaladaha iftiinka. Saamiyada malabka noocan oo kale ah xitaa si fiican ayey u saameeyaan noolaha maqnaanshaha xasaasiyadaha qaybta muhiimka ah iyo arimaha. Qalabka caagga ah, ee loo jeedo, sidoo kale waxay leedahay noocyo taxane ah. Markaa, Beeproft-ka ama shinni wax lagu soo saaray ayaa laga soo saaraa dafas-ka iyadoo la adeegsanayo unugyada, jajabka ama qaadashada. Waxsoosaarka wax soo saarka waxaa loo abuuray shirkadaha takhasuska leh ee ay weheliso warshadaha warshadaha ee dhigaalka ka yimaada Apiary.

Kamapaneta, maaddada tayada ugu sareysa waxaa la sameeyay sababtuna tahay ashyaa'da ceyriinka ah ee laga soo aruuriyay foornada wax-ka-shidan. Si loo abuuro shinni dhalaalaya, waxay noqon doontaa lagama maarmaan in lagu abaabulo biyo qubeys ah oo laga ilaaliyo wax biyo ah. Waxa kale oo jira beeswax cayriin, beero, oo aan xidhiidh lahayn, oo ay ku jiraan cilado leh propolis, riix iyo kuwa kale.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_9

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_10

Laga bilaabo Soyo

Soy wax ku saleysan soybeans. Wax soo saarka dabiiciga ah ma aha sun iyo gubasho dheer oo aan xulafada soo xulaynin . Beriting of alaabta ceyriinka waxaa lagu fuliyaa heerkul ah 70-85 digrii, maadaama markii tilmaame lagu soo qaado kor ku xusan 90 digrii, oo la helayo nabadundis fool xun. Soy wax ku haboon tahay abuurista shumacyada weelasha, iyo sidoo kale shro-scrams. Xaaladda koowaad, maaddadu waa inay si adag ugu horimaan sanduuqa oo u muuqdaa mid sahlan. Midda labaad - way fududahay in laga guuro darbiyada foomka oo ku kala duwan yihiin cufnaanta sare.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_11

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_12

Laga bilaabo Prhavoy

Palm wax ayaa ku habboon beddelka shinnida shinni, oo laga sameeyay miraha geed timirta ah. Maadada adag ayaa ku dhagan tahay heerkul ah 60 digrii. Ka dib barafoobay, dusha sare waxaa lagu daboolay qaabab "qabow" ah, sida daaqad barafoobay.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_13

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_14

Ka kooban qumbaha

Qumbaha qumbaha ma aha sun oo ka nadiifisa paraffin, iyada oo aan la soo saarin kaarboon khatar ah. Xaalad kasta, oo ay kujirto inta lagu gudajiro kuleylka, waxay leedahay wacan, laakiin ur gaar ah. Barta dhalaalka ee qumbaha ee loo yaqaan 'qumbaha sheyga ceyriinka' waa mid hooseeya, sidaa darteed waxay ka sii dheer tahay noocyada kale ee wax, iyo ku dhawaad ​​60% ka dheer paraffin. Joojinta iyo hooska walaxda ayaa u eg saliida qumbaha. Waxaa xusid mudan in habka soo saarista qumbaha qumbaha ah loo arko inay deegaan ahaan aad u fiican ka badan tahay ka badan soy.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_15

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_16

Laga bilaabo macmalka

Haddii shumacadu sheegno in laga abuuray wax dabiici ah oo aan dabiici ahayn, waxaan ka hadlaynaa makiinada wax karinaya ee laga soo saaray paraffin iyo waxyaabaha la midka ah. Faa'iido darrooyinka shey noocan oo kale ahi waa qoondaynta xaddi badan oo kaarboon dioxide inta lagu gudajiro gubashada, oo sababa waxyeelo iyo caafimaad, iyo deegaanka.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_17

Foomamka iyo cabbirrada

Maanta iyo wax soo saarka warshadaha, iyo shirkadaha yaryar, iyo cirbadaha cirbadaha ayaa abuuraya shumacyo qaabab iyo cabir kasta. Xulashada mid ama mid kale ayaa la sameeyaa iyadoo kuxiran waxa aad doorbidayso. Tusaale ahaan, shumaca ugu weyn adduunka ee ku dhacay buugga dambiyada ee diiwaannada, lahaanshaha 73 mitir sare. Xaaladaha caadiga ah, sida caadiga ah, waxay leeyihiin dhexroor aan ka badnayn 10 sentimitir.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_18

Naqshadeynta gudaha, labadaba xulashooyinka fidsan iyo shumacyada khafiifka ah ama qaro weyn ayaa la istcimaalaa. Sida foomka, moodooyinka caadiga ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa qaab goobaabin, labajibaarane ama koonis. Si kastaba ha noqotee, tiro sii kordheysa oo soosaarayaal ah ayaa soo jiidata iibsade shuqullo leh qaab silhouettes dadka, xoolaha, suxuunta iyo tirooyinka aan la taaban karin.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_19

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_20

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_21

Naqshad

In kasta oo shumacadu iyo shumacyada ay u muuqdaan inay u muuqdaan kuwo aad u xiiso badan, dadka qaar waxay doortaan noocyadooda midabka leh si ay ugu qurxiyaan gurigooda. . Tusaale ahaan, Caddaan waxay u muuqan doontaa wax weyn oo ku saabsan Scandinavianka gudaha ama booska ugu yar. Waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daro ka fiirsashada ama cibaado difaac ah.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_22

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_23

Shumacyada cas ee qurxinta ayaa loo baahan yahay si loo abuuro jawi jaceyl ah. Alaabada cagaaran, midabka lacagta ayaa loo gudbin karaa si loo wanaajiyo booska maaliyadeed. Dahabka dahabka ah iyo shumacyo kale oo dhalaalaya ayaa ka caawiya soo jiidashada nolol-xumo kala duwan oo cawlan, iyo qaab madow oo qaro weyn - ku dar gudaha gudaha laconic gudaha.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_24

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_25

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_26

By habka, shumacyada waxku waa weyn karaan oo yar, iyo sidoo kale dhululubo fudud oo cabasho ah.

Shika gaar ah ayaa leh moodooyinka, marka la abuurayo xaashiyo qalalan, cawska ama burooyinkooda lagu daray sheyga. Ikhtiyaarro lagu qurxiyay qoriga ayaa si dabiici ah ugu habboon ecosyl. Way sahlan tahay in la beddelo shumac fudud iyadoo lagu daboolayo gunta lagu beeray koollo fudud. Marar yar oo aan la kulmin waxoogaa wax lagu qoro waraaqaha wax lagu qoro ama waxyaabaha qaab dhismeedka loo yaqaan 'Debienture'.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_27

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_28

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_29

Sida loo Doorto?

Markaad dooranayso shumacyada wax, waxaa muhiim ah in si taxaddar leh loo barto waxa ka kooban: waa inaysan jirin paraffin, iyo sidoo kale caloosha xun ee hooska aan la fahmi karin. Muunadaha ugu sareeya ee tayada leh waxaa lagu sawiray haynta cuntada oo ay ku jiraan feejignaan yar, ama ha ku hadhin gabi ahaanba. Haddii shumaca lagu matalo weelka, waa inuu ahaadaa dhalo waara, ma aha caag ama waxyaabo kale oo tayo hooseeya. Wax soo saarka si wanaagsan loo qabtay, oill jilicsan oo aan lahayn xarig zinc ayaa ku yaal xudunta.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_30

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_31

Sidee looga sameeyaa guriga?

Gacmahaaga iska dhig Shumacadu waa suuragal siyaabo kaladuwan, laakiin guriga waxaa lagula talinayaa in la doorto habka ugu aaminka badan uguna fudud. Tusaale ahaan, waxaa laga yaabaa inay tahay macniya - geedi socodka inta lagu gudajiray oo ay dhahdo waqtiyada la gubo ilaa sheygu gaaro dhumucda loo baahan yahay. Markii aad fuushan tahay, hirarka hantida ee lagu duubay dhululubo ay ku jiraan gudaha digaaga.

Waxa kale oo jira deganaansho - isbarbardhiga labiska ee enfel-ka lagu dhajiyay qubeyska biyaha oo leh wax, jiidista weelka lagu qubeysto ee ku jira walxaha ceyriinka ah, iyo sidoo kale ku shub. Si wax loo siiyo, midabka iyaga waa in lagu dhex geliyaa midab macaan oo dhalaalay ama ka dib qaboojinta rinjiga burushka.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_32

Kahor intaadan bilaabin abuurista shumaca guryaha lagu sameeyo, waa lagama maarmaan si sax ah Abaabulaan aqoon isweydaarsi guri . Shaqada, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la qaato miis toosan oo toosan oo ay ilaalinayso joornaalada, warqad baakadaha ama gogosha hore. Sida ugu habboon, dabaqa ayaa sidoo kale lagu daboolay wax sida rooga luminta ama jajab linoleum ah.

Xadhiga Xirmooyinka Waxqabadka ayaa ku habboon god goyn goyn goyn ah ama gabal yar oo plywood ah. Kuleyl sheyga ceyriinka ah naga badbaado qubeyska biyaha oo kululaynta kuleylka lagu diido isku-darka jikada. Beddelka iyada kakaarka bariiska, koodh badan ama aalad la mid ah. Waraaqaha waraaqaha ayaa ku habboon in lagu ciribtiro tirtirka wax ka beddelka.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_33

Kuleylka kulul ee gacmahooda ku dhalaali karo oo lagu qaban karo qubeyska biyaha, laga dhisayo digsi bir ah iyo weelka dhexroor yar oo lagu dhejiyo gudaha. Tan dambe waxaa laga yaabaa in laga sameeyo bir bir ah, aluminium ama galaas kuleyl u adkaysan kara. Waa lama huraan in habka uu sheygu uusan ula macaamilin bir madow ama naxaas ah, maadaama midabku uusan ka sii dari doono. Xakamee tilmaanta hawsha la aqbalay qalooca ganaaxyada gaagaaban. Suuqa weyn, waxaa lagama maarmaan noqon doonta in lagu shubo biyo, iyo in yar oo la jarjaray wax yar oo gogo 'yar. Wixii dhalaalaysi, digsi yar ayaa ku qasbana inuu ku dhigo mid weyn, ka dib marka dabka lagu dhigo.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_34

Aqoonsi la leh shumacyada gacmaha ee shumacyada gacmaha ayaa ka wanaagsan in lagu bilaabo tuurista, taasi waa, buuxinta walaxda kulul ee caaryada ku habboon. Khubaradu waxay kugula talinayaan inay u diyaargaroobaan naqshadaha aluminium-ka aan kala go 'lahayn, polycarbonate polycatbonate ama silikone oltic . Si loo shiido wax, dubbe ama shaashad dabaq ah ayaa loo baahan doonaa, iyo sidoo kale mindi.

Fitil waa mid aad ugu habboon in la jaro maqas caadiga ah. Isku-darka shumaca Punchka ka dib barafoobay, dhisme dhisme ayaa noqon kara mid waxtar leh. Alaabada aasaasiga ah ee hal-abuurka loogu talagalay waa in ay noqdaan kuwa shinni ah iyo eco-eco-eco-eco-eco-eco-for rotors xargaha suufka. By habka, inbadan ayaa loo qorsheeyay in dhexroorka aaladda iftiinka, xarigga ay tahay inay soo baxdo.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_35

Kahor intaadan bilaabin tuurista tooska ah, waxay noqon doontaa lagama maarmaan in laga fikiro in laga fikiro phytyl lagu hagaajin doono meel toosan. Tusaale ahaan, tan waxaa lagu samayn karaa xishood badan, timaha, fiilada guryaha lagu sameeyo ama qaabdhismeedka alwaaxda leh. Xaqiiqdii, geedi socodka oo dhan abuurista shumaca gacmahooda ayaa ah rakibidda weji ku dhex jira qaabka iyo daadadka wax la gubo. Haddii weelka laga sameeyo galaas ama boorsooyin, markaa waxay ku kacaysaa dhibic wax yar oo wax yar si loo hagaajiyo dunta. Marka xigta, waxay ku jirtaa dhagxaan alwaax ah ama qalin laga soo dejiyo.

Marka gudaha in gudaha uusan wax faaruq ahayn, ul dhuuban oo maandooriyaha lagu sameeyo laba god ilaa ay kacsan tahay . Ganacsiyada unugyada waxay noqon doonaan laga bilaabo 2 ilaa 6 saacadood heerkulka qolka. Shumacyada si ay uga soo baxaan uun foomamka, kan dambe waxaa lagu talinayaa in la sameeyo laba jeer oo goyn ah. Qeybta sare ee dunta ayaa sax ah si loo soo gaabiyo, oo ka baxaya qiyaastii sentemitir dherer ahaan, ka dib taas oo lagu dhex maro wax ku dhaca dareeraha dareeraha sahlan.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_36

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_37

Waxaa xusaya in la xuso in falimaha shumacyada la sameyn karo midab, haddii aad isticmaasho dabiiciga dabiiciga ah, horay loo sii xirmay cusbo iyo xalka gacabka ee dabiiciga ah. Sida caadiga ah, galaaska biyaha ee xisaabaadka qaado ee qaybta koowaad iyo labo qaado oo ah qaado labaad. Dunta qashin-goynta ayaa loo baahan doonaa in la qalajiyo, ka dibna wareejiyo calanka ama buundada calafka doofaarka. Sidoo kale, halkii laga iibsan lahaa wasakhooyinka, walxo kasta oo golley ah oo laga sameeyay walxaha ka buuxo heerkulka 100 digrii ayaa ku habboon.

Bedel ahaan, waxay noqon kartaa muraayadaha khamriga cuntada, muraayadaha, gasacadaha kafeega iyo qasacadaysan iyo diirka oranji ama Mandarin.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_38

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_39

Sidee loo istcimaalaa?

Dhamaan shumaca waxku dhammaantood waxaa loo isticmaalaa isla nidaamka. Wiggu wuxuu ku xukumaa iftiinka ama ciyaaraha, inta lagu guda jiro gubashada, si tartiib tartiib ah ayuu u dhalaalay wax. Badbaadada, sheyga waa in lagu dhejiyaa sagxad dabaq ah, si isku mid ah loogu kalsoonaado ka fog waxyaabaha guban kara, tusaale ahaan daahyada. Dabka looma hayo isagoo aan la joogin, gaar ahaan haddii ay carruur ku jiraan guriga. Intaas waxaa sii dheer, shumaca looma geyn karo wadada ama terrace cimilada dabayshu ah.

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_40

Shumacadu (41 Sawiro): Laga soo bilaabo shinnida dabiiciga ah iyo timirta timichada, caddaan iyo midab leh (madow, cagaar, casaan), shumacyo kale 20813_41

Sida loo sameeyo shumacyada coaster, fiiri fiidiyowga.

Akhri wax dheeraad ah