Kubudirira kwevanhu kwakazara kunobatana nemabhuku, ndosaka mumazana emakore mazhinji munharaunda inoverengera vashandi vanoongwa. Aya maNyanzvi anoisa zviyero zvakanyanyisa uye zvinodiwa zvakanyanyisa. Nehurombo, nekuvandudzwa kweTekinoroji yeInternet, mukana wekuziva munzira iyi zvakanyatsoderera.
Tsananguro
Basa revaRibhurari rinoonekwa seimwe yekare kwazvo pasi. Mukuru wake akamuka nguva refu nguva yedu yeSumerov - yakanga iri kubva kwavari kuti vaive nemataira ekutanga ivhu, pane iyo yakakosha michero yaigona kunyudzwa zviratidzo. Yaive yekutanga kunyora, uye zviratidzo zvakadaro zvakava zvekutanga munhoroondo yeRaibhurari Mari. Kugadzirwa kwePapyrus kwakatanga kukosheswa basa remuchengeti wemipumburu yakadaro. Vanhu vane mikana yakawanda yekuunganidza, kuchengetedza uye kurongeka kweruzivo. Kunyanya kukudziridzwa kunyorera mundima yeIjipiti yekare (inozivikanwa kuti makondozi II aive aine zviuru makumi maviri emaketrus).
Kutanga, kuunganidza kwaivanzika, saka mabasa evachengeti avo aive achizorora pavaranda. Mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja muVI Century BC. Ns. MuGreek yekare, apo Atene Tirara Pecist yakagadzira raibhurari yekutanga yeruzhinji. Kubva pane izvi zvichienda mberi, chinzvimbo chemuchengeti chekunyora chakanyatso kuremekedzwa uye nekuremekedzwa muvanhu. Munguva dzakapfuura, basa rei raibhurari raive rakakura kupfuura mazuva ano, havana kungogumira pakuchengeta mabhuku. Saka, muAlexandriali Library vanhu ava vakaita mabasa evayedzo, pamwe nevanotarisira.
Mukuwedzera, ivo vakafamba nesainzi, vakarondedzera mabasa evanyori vekare, uye vaivawo nebasa rekudzoreredzwa kwemabhuku uye kuzvidzivirira kwavo nekukuvara.
Muvajasi rekare, basa rakagashira nekukurumidza. Panguva iyoyo, basa reChechi renyika yacho rakanga rakakura, saka mari yeLaibhurari yainyanya kuimba yemateki, uye account yavo yakapomerwa nemamongi. Vafundisi vakatarisa mabasa echitendero - zvaive chaizvo vakaunganidzwa, zvakarongeka uye vakanyorwazve neruoko. Munguva yerumutsiriro, maraibhurari maviri makuru - Vatican uye ivo vakaonekwa kamwechete. Lorenzo Medidi. Vakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwekuunganidzwa kwakasiyana kwemanyoro ekare. Ikoko, chinzvimbo chevaranda chakaita kuti chikamu chevanosangana nhungamiro.
MuRussia, iyo yeraibhurari yakagadzirwa yakawanda kupfuura dzose munyika dzenyika yekare. Kunyangwe zvichizivikanwa kuti muna 1037, Yaroslav vakachenjera vakaunganidza mapepa eSpordes neEld Byzantine Mabhuku eByzantine - Chaizvoizvo akabva atanga kuumbwa kwesimba iri kubva kuvanhu vechiSlavant. Maraibhurari iwo akavhurwa muRussia kazhinji, pakarepo achiva pasi, sezvo ivo vakachengeterwa kwete chechi chete, asiwo vesainzi, zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvinyorwa. Kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakumi maviri, vamiriri vevamiriri vemhuri dzakanaka vanogona kupinda mubhuku rekuchengetedza bhuku.
Mushure mekuchinja muguta rega rega, musha nemusha wakaonekwa mumaraibhurari avo. Makirasi ekudzidziswa akavhurwa navo, saka chinzvimbo chemubhadharo chakava chinotungamira pamwe nemudzidzisi.
Nhasi, iyo librari inyanzvi yeunyanzvi nekuda kwekuzvidavirira nekuchengetedza mabhuku, pamwe nekuburitswa kwavo kune vaverengi. Iwo muraibhurari anofanirwa kuve akanaka kuti anzwisise fundo raanogona kuita basa, kuti ave nezivo mumativi ekushambadzira bhuku. Nehurombo, mazuva ano basa iri harifanani rinonyanya kufungwa. Nekuvandudzwa kweInternet uye kuvandudza matekinoroji emakomputa, iro basa remushandi webhurari rinova zvishoma uye zvishoma. Mushure mekuonekwa kwekuwana kwemahara kusvika kumagetsi ezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvemagetsi, makamuri ekuverenga aive asina chinhu. Maraibhurari akadzivirira zvakanyanya zvesainzi, akachengetwa, pamwe nevaya vanorondedzera masangano ekufunda. Zvingangodaro, basa remaryria zvishoma nezvishoma rinopinda mune yakapfuura, zvakanyanya hakuzove nehuremu hwakadai sekutanga.
Kuti udzorere kufarira kwakarasika mukuverenga mabhuku emapepa, hurumende yeRussia Federation iri kukura chirongwa kuti uchinje pfungwa yemabhiidhi ebhurari. Nhasi, iro basa rerubatsiro mumabasa ehutsika uye dzidzo, izvo zvinofanirwa kukwezva vanhu vemabasa akasiyana siyana uye matare enharaunda. Ndokusaka maraibhurari mazhinji aigamuchira seminars, kuratidzwa, misangano ine vanhu vane mukurumbira uye madekwana. Muzhizha, kuverenga kuverenga uye zvinyorwa zvekukurukurirana zvinoitwa munzvimbo dzakavhurika. Maraibhurari ari kushanda nesimba pamwe nezvikoro uye minda yevana. Saka, kuwedzera pakuchengetedza, accounting uye kuburitsa mabhuku, muraiidhi emazuva ano anoita zvakawanda zvinoshanda - inga gadziriro uye anopa zviitiko, anopa zano evashanyi uye anotungamira ma account account mumagariro.
Pros uye Cons Profession
Ehezve, hunyanzvi hweiyerii raibhurari rine zvakanakira uye zvakashata, kunge chero rimwe basa.
Saka, zvakanakira zvinosanganisira:
- kudzikama, akayerwa mamiriro ekunze;
- Kodzero yekusununguka kwemahara kumabhuku ako aunofarira;
- kugona kugara uchiwedzera makomo;
- Iko kugona kwekutsvaga kwesainzi, kunyora zvinyorwa uye zvigadzirwa zvekuongorora mukufananidza nebasa guru;
- Gadza kusangana nevanhu vanonakidza uye vanobatsira.
Zvinokuvadza zvakaremerwa zvakare:
- Yakaderera mwero we wage;
- Nhamba shoma;
- Kuregerera mari yerefu yeraibhurari, iyo inonyanya kukosha yemaraibhurari yemaguta madiki nemisha (iyo isina kukodzera mari yebhuro rinotungamira mukudzikiswa kwevashandisi);
- basa renguva dzose;
- Kusingadzivisiki kusangana neguruva munzvimbo yebasa.
Tsananguro yeJobho
Semutero-inokodzera bhuku rebhuku rinoti, mabhuku anoshanda emabhuku anosanganiswa neyekugara achitsvaga mabhuku, kuronga kwavo, kushanda nemusoro uye madhiri, kusanganisira zvemagetsi.
Iyo huwandu hwemitoro mikuru yemabhebhi inosanganisira zviitiko zvakasiyana siyana. Isu tinonyora main.
- Tsvaga izvo zvakakumbirwa zvinyorwa. Iyo librari inofanirwa kukurumidza kufambisa mumari inodzorwa raibhurari, kuziva chaizvo nzvimbo yechikamu chimwe nechimwe chemabhuku uye imwe neimwe yemakadhi.
- Accounting uye chikamu chikamu chiri chinhu chakaoma zvakanyanya, sezvo chero raibhurari yakakomba ine akawanda uye kunyange mazana ezviuru emabhuku. Mushandi weSangano anofanira kukwanisa kuvarongera kuitira kuti iwe unogona kukurumidza kuwana chero bhuku racho rakakumbirwa nemushanyi.
- Sumo yehurongwa hwebhuruu. Iwo marefu emakamuri ane hunyanzvi umo mapepanhau ese, magazini nemabhuku anoiswa zvinoenderana nemamwe mapoka. Izvi zvinopa kutsvaga kutsvaga mabhuku, izvo vaverengi vanofarira.
- Kuongorora chimiro chehomwe. Nyanzvi dzaibhurari dzinofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza nekuvimbika kwemabhuku, uye kana zvichidikanwa, kuita kugadziriswa kwavo kwakareruka, semuenzaniso, mapeji akazaruka. Iri ibasa rinoshamisa, rinorwadza, rinoda kukwana kwakakwana uye kupwanya.
- Kupa anokwanisa kuchengetedza mabhuku ekuchengetedza system. Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti chero pepa rinowira pamusoro penguva. Ndokusaka iyo librerian ichiva nechokwadi chekuti mamiriro akakodzera ekuchengetedza ezvinyorwa zvitsva uye zvekare.
- Kutaurirana nevaverengi. Munguva yebasa, mushandi anofanira kuziva zvinodiwa nevaverengi kuti vazive mukutsvaga iwo mabhuku anodiwa. Kuti uite izvi, zvinosungirwa kufambisa zviri nyore kuburikidza nemhando dzakasiyana dzemabhuku arowa, dzine hunyanzvi hwekukurukurirana uye kukwanisa kuvaka hurukuro.
- Kugashira kwegadziriro itsva. Paunenge uchizarura iyo Bhuku Bhuku, iyo librari inoita ruzivo nezve mitsva editions mufaira, uye wozisai pamahombekombe zvichienderana nengozi. Zvese izvi zvinoda nguva yakawanda, sezvo bhuku rega rega rutsva rinofanira kupihwa nemazvo.
Uye zvakare, chero raibhurari iri kuita zvekudzidzisa uye basa rezvematare, zvine mhosva yekuunganidza mari yeraibhurari uye zvinoshandiswa zvinyorwa zvitsva.
Zvinodiwa Pakutanga
Maererano ne purofesandard, vanonyorera vanosangana nezvinodiwa zvinotevera zvinogona kuiswa pachinzvimbo cheMidhiyo:
- Kuvapo kwedzidzo yepamusoro kana yechipiri yakakosha - inogona kuve mbiri, pedagogical kana philological;
- mizhinji mizhinji;
- ruzivo rwakanaka mumabhuku;
- Working Unyanzvi izwi, Excel uye Powerpoint Computer Zvirongwa.
Muraibhurari akanaka anofanira:
- Ziva zvese mitemo uye nzira dzevaverengi vebasa;
- kukwanisa kuita kusarudzwa kwemabhuku pane vanokumbira vaverengi;
- ziva uye shandisa nzira yekuenzanisa inoshandiswa kugadzirisa magazini, mapepanhau nemabhuku;
- kukwanisa kuzvimiririra kukudziridza bhaibheri zvigadzirwa;
- kugadzirisa nzvimbo yenzvimbo yacho;
- Kuti ugone kuronga, kuronga uye kubata zviitiko kuitira kukwezva vashanyi kuraibhurari uye kunyepedzera kwekuverenga Kazhinji.
Basa remubvumo weibhurari rinotyisa uye maitiro, achida kukwana, kunyatsoita uye nepo, saka haina kukwana munhu wese. Hekwera raibhurari rakatarisana zvakanyanya pane rakanatswa, rine mwero. Mubasa iri, kusarongeka, kwakasiyana-siyana uye kwakakurumbira kungwara. Nyanzvi yeraibhurari inofanirwa kukurumidza kufambisa mumabhuku akasiyana siyana. Uye kuchengeta mupfungwa dzehuwandu hukuru hwe data, inoda ndangariro dzakanaka, hunyanzvi hwekuongorora nezvirongwa.
Dzidzo
Kune mikana yakati wandei yekudzidza kubva kumaryrii. Kana tikataura nezvechikoro chesekondari, ipapo unogona kugara pane hunyanzvi hwesaiti raibhurari, iyo inowanikwa mumakoreji. Kuti ubve, haufanirwe kutora bvunzo, sezvo kusarudzwa kwemakwikwi kunoitwa pahwaro hwepakati chikoro chegwaro rechikoro. Kudzidziswa kunotora kubva pamakore maviri kusvika mashanu, zvichienderana nechimiro, icho chinogona kunge chiri chenguva yakazara, nekunyorerana kana manheru.
Mumasangano epamusoro edzidzo, iyo librari inodzidziswa munzira ye "raibhurari uye zviitiko zveruzivo", pamwe ne "matsva ne" zvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa ". Kuti uwane kugamuchira, iwe uchafanirwa kutora bvunzo mune dzinoverengeka zvidzidzo: Russian, mabhuku, pamwe nenhoroondo kana zvidzidzo zvemagariro. Zuva Rinoumba Zvidzidzo Zvekupedzisira makore 4, muCorricduce - Makore mashanu.
Nzvimbo yebasa
Zvinhu zvazvino zvevanhu zvakadai kuti mushure mekupera kwekutenderwa kwekudzidzisa, muhurumende "yeramuri" raibhurari "kuti iite basa risiri nyore. Iri basa rine risiti rakatetepa, saka sarudzo yenzvimbo dzebasa idiki pano. Iyo inonyanya kukoshesa chishandiso mumasangano ehurumende, zvakavanzika zvinyorwa uye mari yesainzi. Nekudaro, kune mashoma mashoma imomo, uye marongero emahara anoratidzika chaizvo kashoma.
Zviri nyore kwazvo kuwana mhandara yekudzidzisa masangano ezvikoro zvakasiyana-siyana: Zvikoro zvedzidzo dzedzidzo, makwai, mayunivhesiti kana mamwe masangano ezvidzidzo nedzidzo yebhuku rake rebhuku. Munzvimbo idzi, mafiramu raibhurari anogara achidiwa.
Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvina basa - iyo raibhurari yenyika iri kana chikoro, semabasa epamutemo uye purofesa zvichave zvakafanana.
Muhoro uye basa
Mazuva ano, basa racho "Raibhurari" rinopinda mune yakapfuura, haigone kuverengerwa kune vanoti. Nekudaro, izvi hazvireve kuti bhizinesi rakatsaurwa raibhurari uye mweya wekujekesa hauzogone kuzviwana pachezvake. Nhasi, raibhurari dzinowedzera kuzadzisa basa redzidzo uye dzidzo, kuronga zviitiko zvinotyisa, kuita misangano nevanhu vanonakidza, kuronga mags kune vana mukufarira - Muchidimbu, vari kuyedza kumutsidzira aimbova kukwezva kwehuwandu kuverenga. Izvi zvinoreva kuti munhu anoshanda anokwanisa kuchagona kuzviziva iye uye kugona kwayo muHaibhurari system.
Nehurombo, iwe hauzonzi mazano mumwe chete - nenzira yemari yaunowana, basa iri racho raive uye raigara imwe yeanonyanya kusarura. Vashandi vebhurari vanowanzo gamuchira kubva pamakumi manomwe kusvika zviuru gumi zvenduru, uye panguva yekudzidziswa kwepamberi uye nyanzvi yekudzorera kudzora, vanogona kuseedzera kune iyo nzira yeiyo nzira yerudzike. Mune ino kesi, muhoro unogona kusvika zviuru gumi nezvishanu rubles. Zviri nani zvishoma mamiriro muMoscow uye St. Petersburg. MuMaguta eMetropolitan, nyanzvi yemukuru weHurumende kana raibhurari yesainzi inogona kutora muhoro we20-25 zviuru zvitanhatu. Muchikoro uye yunivhesiti yaraibhurari, mwero wemari unoenderana nenyika yepakati. Nhasi, iyo librari yakakosha zvakanyanya, asi basa rekubhadhara rakaderera. Ndokusaka zvisiri zvakanyanya mukuda pakati pevanyoreri nevechidiki vadiki vakapedza mayunivhesiti.
Sekureva kwehuwandu, kanopfuura makumi matanhatu muzana evaRussia vanofunga nezve nzira iyi yekuzvisarudzira kusazvibata, saka avo vanoda kushanda mumaraibhurari epasi redu gore rega rega rinova rakaderera uye rakaderera.
