Nyika yemazuva ano yepasi rose inoreva huwandu hukuru hwehukama pakati pevanhu vakasiyana nenyika - pasina kubatana kwenyika dzese munzvimbo dzese dzebasa revanhu, taizoramba tichienzanisa nedanho rakawanda kubva pane zvakawanikwa. Zvino haungashamwi munhu neruzivo rwemitauro miviri kana mitatu, uye kune avo vakatonyanya kutaurwa polyglot.
Nekudaro, zvese zviri paColloquial level, kugadzirisa matambudziko emhuri, uye shure kwezvose, vanhu vanoda vanhu vanogona kuenda mukudzidza kwemitauro yekune dzimwe nyika. Kunyangwe vamiririri vemapurisa akati wandei vari kuita zviitiko zvakadaro, mapenderi pakati pavo anotamba imwe yemabasa akakosha kwazvo.
Ndiani iyeye?
Kusvika parizvino, pfungwa yekupokana ine vagari vazhinji, asi kazhinji kazhinji haisi yechokwadi, isina kunaka. Kunyanya, nyanzvi yakadaro inowanzoonekwa semushanduri kana mudzidzisi wekunze. Uye kunyangwe iyo linduist inogona kunyatsoita mari pane aya marudzi emabasa, muchikamu chikuru chekugadzirira ndecheimwe. Maererano nedudziro, Lindu imitauro yemitauro, ndiko kuti, munhu ane rudzi rwesainzi achidzidza mutauro, chimiro charo, mavambo, mitemo yekusimudzira.
Ehe, nyanzvi yakadaro inonyatsopora mutauro kana mitauro inokwezva, asi nzvimbo yayo yekuzviongorora mutauro, uye kwete shanduro yekushambidza. Nhoroondo yebasa iri inoenda zvakadzama kupfuura mumazuva iwayo apo vaLinhuisists vakatanga kufonera maLinuists. Kudzidza nheyo dzekuumbwa uye kuvandudza mitauro, vanhu ava vakamira pamativi ekugadzira zvinyorwa zvinoshanda uye mitemo yekushandura. Munguva dzekare, vanhu vakadaro vanogona kuverengerwa paminwe kunyange munyika dzakakura, uye nhasi vava zvishoma, asi zvakadaro havana kudaro kuitira kuti philologist imwe neimwe inonzi inonzi linguist.
Basa rehunyanzvi nderwekuti kure nemunhu chero upi zvake anogona kubudirira mune ino ndima yechiitiko. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuti uve nehuwandu hwezvivakwa uye maitiro, pakati pezvinotaurwa zvinotevera:
- Rangarirai runako runokubvumira kuti urambe uchichengetedza izwi rakakura uye urongwa hwerimwe ruzivo runoshandisa mumusoro mangu;
- Kunzwa kwakanaka kubatsira kubata zvisingaiti zvekunyepedzera kurira kwemashopu.
- Kuzvisarudzira uye moyo murefu - zvinokatyamadza maficha kune vese vaite basa rekuvandudzwa kwesainzi yevafundisi;
- Kutarisirwa, kufunga kwekushamwaridzana uye kugona kwekuongorora zvakagadzirirwa kubatsira kuti urege kuoneka mapatani akajeka;
- Iko kugona kutaura zvakajeka pfungwa dzavo - kunobvumira kuti utsanangure kune avo vanokomberedza dzidziso yavo, kuti vasingabudise zivo yaunganidzwa nevateereri.
Chii chakasiyana kubva kune philologist?
Pamusoro, isu takakanganisa muchidimbu dambudziko rakajeka pakati pemitauro yakajeka pakati pemitauro, uye kune vazhinji vanonyorera iri dambudziko, nekuti ivo havawanzo kunzwisisa kuti vava kuda kuva ani uye kuti nyanzvi yeizvozvo. Kuti unzwisise mutsauko usati watsaurira hupenyu hwako kune chimwe chiitiko, zvakakosha, uye takagadzirira kubatsira kuziva kuti ndedzipi dzidziso dzakasiyana kubva kune philologist.
Ngatitangei nazvo Linguist ihukuru hwenhengo rine zita rinobva kuShoko reLatin "mutauro. Iyi izere mabhuku mune yayo yakachena fomu - inofarira mutauro uye chete, asi mune zvese zvikamu zvishoma. Munhu akadaro anonakidza kubva kune nyanzvi yekuona yakatanga kubva mumitauro nehukama hwayo nemitauro yakanangana, kukura kwemitauro, iyo fomu yekuumbwa uye yemufananidzo.
Linguist anotarisa paboka remutauro, mitauro yemumwe neumwe kana mitauro yezvibodzwa zvishoma, nzvimbo yekufarira kwayo yesainzi inogonawo kuve yakapararira syntax kana girama. Mabasa makuru emunhu akadaro anofanirwa kukudziridza nheyo dzekushandura mitauro inoshanda uye dzidziso dzekudzidzisa (zvese zvakaringana uye zvekunze), pamwe nekugadzirwa kwemabhuku uye madimikira.
Hazvina mhosva kuti zvinosimbisa sei, kwaisava, asi Linduist "techny" munyika yehunyanzvi hwevanhu.
Izwi rekuti "philologist" rinoshuvhuta kubva muchiGiriki se "anoda izwi" uye rinotaura nezveganho rakakura reunyanzvi. Nyanzvi dzakadaro kazhinji dzinowanzofarira mumwe mutauro, uye anozvidza zvakanyanya mune zvekushandisa zvishoma, sekushandiswa kwekushandisa - saka, iyo philologist inonakidza inoshanda uye tsika dzetsika dzakasiyiwa nevatauri. Iyo philologist munhu wemunhu mune yayo yakachena fomu, inoona mutauro sechikamu chechimwe chitendero chakanangana nenhoroondo uye kunyange sociology.
Kuona kwemusiyano pakati pemaporofesa maviri, kana iwe ukabvunza nyanzvi ivo pachavo, vanogona kunge vaine ruvara rwechinyorwa, asi kazhinji zvingave zvakanaka kutaura kuti Lingwist iri nyore kupinda mubasa renhoroondo pane zvakapesana. Mafungiro akanaka kwazvo kumutauro uyu anoratidza muenzaniso unotevera: Nekuti vanonzwisisa kuti mitauro yose inogara ichipfuura nemimwe mitauro, iri kukura uye kushandurwa, uye izvi ndizvo chaizvo izvo zvinhu zvekudzidza kune linguistics..
Kana vari vafambi, nekuti ivo vanogara vachitungamirirwa kwekuchengetedza mutauro mune imwe mhando yemazwi ekuverenga, nepo sumo yakapararira yemazwi ekunze anoita kwavari pane iyo canons uye kuparadzwa yekuzivikanwa kweizvozvo, kudzidza kweizvo zvavakapedza hupenyu hwavo hwese.
Zvakanakira uye Zvakashata
Achiongorora basa kubva kudivi, kwete "kubheka" mumatenderedzwa emadenderedzwa, nekuti zvakakosha kuti nyanzvi dzive neyakaitwa neyakaitwa nemvura uye nemvura yemvura yechiitiko kuronga kupa hupenyu hwake . VaLinguists, pamwe nevamiriri veimwe hunyanzvi, vanotarisana nezvakanakira uye zvakashata zvebasa ravo, uye ivo vanofanirwa kutaura nezvavo zvakasiyana.
Ndozvinoita zvinhu zvakakodzera kusarudza linguistics seyako nyanzvi:
- Kuiswa - Kunyangwe kukurumidza kukura kwehungwaru hwekungwarira uye vashanduri vepamhepo vakasiyana-siyana, vachiri kure zvakanyanya kuti vasati vaita maLinguist, nepo budiriro yepasi rose iri mukuda kukuru kwekutaurirana kwakanyanyisa.
- dzakasiyana-siyana dzebasa riripo - Kunyatsoteerera mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, zvinokwanisika kushandisa zivo yedu zvakazara, inodzidziswa nevadzidzi, kuita basa rekubatanidza kana kushandura mabhuku uye mafirimu, kugadzira zvinyorwa zvichingoitika;
- Mukana wekuwedzera muhoro - Mazuva ano, nyanzvi zhinji dzisingashande mune yavo yakakosha nyanzvi, asi ine chivimbo chekunze mitauro munenge chero nzvimbo inoita kuti mushandi akakosha uye anodiwa;
- mukana wekushanda mumakambani ekunze - Achiratidza kuratidza mumwe mutauro, Linduist an priori haasungwa kune yake nyika, pachinzvimbo chavanogona kushanda mumatavi emunharaunda emakambani ekunze kana kuenda kunze kwenyika mukutsvaga basa;
- Kufunga Kunowana Pane Freilance - Kana iwe usingade kushandira imwezve sahwira uye unonamatira kune yakasimba chati, iwe unogona kutora shanduko yekutsinhana panzvimbo, kudzidzisa vadzidzi kure, kutengesa makosi ekudzidzira, kutungamira blog rekudzidzira pane lingekology;
- mukana wekutaurirana nevatorwa inokutendera kuti urambe wakanyanya kuwanda kwazvo manhamba, iva anonakidza mubvunzi uye munhu anonyanya kufanana;
- Hapana chikonzero chekudzidza chose kubva pakukanda Mushure menguva yakareba mushure mekupedza dzidzo - Izvo zvinongodiwa kuti urambe uine ruzivo rwakawanikwa ruzivo rwezivo, uye kana zvichidikanwa, munhu anga atove nemutauro mumwe, zvichave nyore kwazvo kudzidza wechipiri.
Zvese zviri pamusoro zvivakwa zvehunyanzvi zvinogona kuunza kune iyo iyo basa reMitauro ndiyo yakanakisa munyika, asi zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kuti matambudziko anogoneka pano. V Kubva kune izvo zvinhu zvehunyanzvi ndezvipi zvekusagadzikana kubva kune vangangoita maLinhuist:
- Yakakwirira chikumbiro mumusika weVashandi - Nezvazvino matekinoroji uye mikana yekufamba mimwe uye vanhu vazhinji vanosarudza basa remaperembudzi sechiedza uye chinonakidza, vachigadzira makwikwi akakura emisangano yemasvedzero;
- Zvido zvepamusoro zvevashandirwi - rusununguko rwekufamba munyika runotungamira kuchokwadi kuti zvisungo zvinowanzowedzera kuda kuhaya kwete chete nyanzvi yekuverenga, asi munhu ane nguva yakareba kugara munzvimbo yemitauro;
- Low lallary level padanho pakutanga - Pasina kuva neakaitika kwazvo kwekugara munzvimbo yemitauro, iyo Lince Linguist isina kukurumidza kunyorera iyo "zvisingaite" zvinomanikidzwa kuroora mune yechipiri-chiyero chinochinja nemari shoma;
- Kudikanwa Kwechipiri Dzidzo yepamusoro Yekuvaka Basa Rinoshamisa - Kazhinji hazvina kukwana kuti uve wenguva chete, nekuti mukuru anokuda kuti iwe uve mutori wenhau, musayenzi wezvematongerwo enyika, gweta, mugweta kana maneja;
- kushushikana - Kubva kuLinguist anowanzoda kusvinura zvakanyanya uye kuda kuti vazive mhedzisiro nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kunyanya kana zvikaitika pane mutoro une hutano pane psyche;
- Motomtization yebasa - Uku ndiko kudzokorora kwenyaya, asi vazhinji vebasa revafundisi vangaratidzika kunge vachinetseka nenguva;
- Isina kugadzikana basa - Lingwist zvidhori zvinowanzoitika zvisina kukodzera, nguva dzekunyanyisa kurodha, kuchinjana neyekumanikidzwa Downtos, izvo hazvigone kushandiswa kuzororo rizere, nekuti hazvizivikanwe kuti vacharamba riini;
- Yakakosha mukana wekusanzwisisika kwehunyanzvi - Watova nyanzvi yemitauro yehunyanzvi uye kutarisana nekutarisana nekuda kutsvaga basa, nyanzvi yechidiki inogona kunzwisiswa kuti haina kujairwa kuita zviitiko zvesainzi kana kuti hazvingazive kuti vatevedzere vatengi vashande FreeLancer.
Linguistic Kugadziriswa
Kunyangwe Linduist ari nyanzvi imwe chete, kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzesainzi dzesainzi dzenjeni dzinovaita nyanzvi munzvimbo yakatetepa. Hapana chakafanana neyakagamuchirwa yakarongeka yakarongeka yekukatyamadza kweMitauro haipo, uye mune zvakawanda, hunyanzvi hwekunyengera zvinoenderana nezvauri kufarira uye kuita hupenyu. Saka, mumwe munhu anozvinyoreredza kuboka rese remitauro, achiva neanopenga, muimbi, muMongolia, uye mumwe munhu anotarisisa mumwe mutauro soMaronda, mahurumende kana chibabvu.
Iwe unogona kuita kutarisisa kwete zvakanyanya mumutauro wakaparadzana kana boka remitauro seimwe yemitauro yemitauro. Kune chimiro chechidzitiro, morphologists uye nefoni, izvo zvinodzidziswa, zvakateerana, semantics, morpincs, morphology uye pfuma yemitauro yakabatana. Pane zvimwe zviitiko zvakananga mukudzidza kwerima, pakati peizvozvo zviri pamutemo, cognivistism, zvigadzirwa uye zvinoshanda.
Kunze kwezvo, Iwe unogona kutsaura mapara kubva padanho rekuona kuti nderudzi rwevashanduri-dzevashanduri vevashanduri vavagona. Semuenzaniso, hapana muturikiri we "zvakajairika chimiro" haagone kududzira masvomhu emasvomhu nenzira kwayo - nekuda kweizvozvo iwe unoda sampiticia uye linguist mumunhu mumwe. Komputa uye yakawedzera digital yedhijitari inodiwa kuitira kuti iite mushanduro dzezvinyorwa zvehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, izvo zvakanyatsonaka ikozvino kune vamiririri vazhinji.
Kana iyo linguist iri musimboti isingateereri mushanduro, asi ine shanduro yekudzidzisa, inogona kutanga pakutanga pachayo semudzidzisi.
Mabasa
Iwo maitiro chaiwo ezvinyorwa anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenzvimbo chaiyo yebasa uye chinzvimbo - isu takaramba tichikanganisa musoro wenyaya kuti ungavaka sei basa mushure mekugamuchira hunyanzvi. Zvakangodaro, zvaishandiswa marimu seunyanzvi hunoratidza kuti uchafanira kuita zvimwe zvinhu kana kuti zvingave zvakagadzirirwa kuti zvive zvako zvichaita yako yemazuva ese mabasa.
Kune mabasa akadaro, tinotora zvinotevera:
- Kukudziridza uye dhizaini madimikira - zvese zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzenyika uye chaiye mutauro) uye Tesaurus;
- gadzira algorithms uye kukudziridza otomatiki shanduro uye mameseji ekugadzirisa maitiro;
- Tora chikamu mukusikwa kwehunyanzvi hunotitendera kuti tide kushandura zvinyorwa kubva kune mumwe mutauro kuenda kune mumwe pasina kutora chikamu chemuturikiri mhenyu;
- ita zviitiko zvekutsvagisa mune yakakosha.
Semabasa adzinodzvanywa mukusunga kune imwe nzvimbo yebasa, dzimwe nguva vaLindu vanofanirawo kushandura uye nemuromo (zvinosanganisira zvinyorwa zvevashanduri nevashandisi vepanyama vachishandisa chigadzirwa kana system yakagadzirwa nevanoumbwa nemaLinuists.
Dzidzo
Lincuistics - Iyo nyanzvi yakaoma zvakanyanya, uye haina kukodzera kuvhiringidzika neyechikamu chinokwanisa nemunhu mumwe nemumwe, chaizvo uyo ndiye anokwanisa iye oga uye imwe yemitauro yekune dzimwe nyika. Na Kuve nendimi dzisimba dzemitauro yakati wandei hazvina kukwana kufunga nezvemitauro, saka hazvigoneke kuTenzi basa rakazvimirira - Uyezve, hazvitarisirwa kuve linduist kana ikauya mushure megiredhi 9. Kana iwe ukaona zita rekudzidza, inonzi koreji yemimwe mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, gadzirira chokwadi chekuti izvi zvakajairika mutauro makirasi ayo asingatomboita iwe muturikiri. Pane institution yakafanana yedzidzo muMoscow pandinenge ndima, asi zvakare inoburitsa vadzidzisi, kwete maLinhuists.
MuRussia, kuitira kuti ive linguist mune yakazara izwi reshoko, zvakakodzera kuti uise mayunivhesiti. Iyo fekitori, kwavanogadzira nyanzvi dzakadaro vanogona kunzi zvakasiyana - zvirevo (zvine musoro), dudziro, philoalogical kana kunyange vanhu. Gadzirira chokwadi kuti kwete kupedza kwavo kwehunyanzvi nemazita akadai ekupedzisira, uye mumayunivhesiti mazhinji haafuruke manyoro zvachose, kunyangwe chimiro chemazita akanyorwa anunudzwa. Saizvozvo, taura mukana wokudzidza kubva kumitauro mune imwe neimwe chaiyo kudzidza institution. Kana chimiro chedzidzo yedzidzo chinopa kuti "kudzidza mutauro", saka izvi zvichave chaizvo zvaunoda.
Maererano nemirairo yazvino, kubvuma kuRussia yepamusoro yedzidzo institution inoreva kukosha kwekutora bvunzo pane zvidzidzo izvo zvinoonekwaidzirwa new. Semutemo, zvakafanira kupfuudza Russian, imwe mutauro wekunze uye zvidzidzo zvemagariro.
Zvakangodaro, tichivimba nezvinhu zvakasikwa zvezvinhu izvi zvitatu hazvina basa nazvo - pachinzvimbo iwe unofanirwa kubata iyo yunivhesiti pamberi, iyo inosarudzwa kuti ubvumirwe, uye kujekesa izvo zvinodiwa kuti vanyoreri vakapfeka ipapo.
Izvo zvinoshanda kupi?
Pashure peyunivhesiti, lindu inopa tariro yakakura yekuwana basa, nekuti inogona kushanda pane chero kambani kana bhizinesi iyo ine maitiro mashoma kune mutauro wekune dzimwe nyika kana mafambisirwo ematanho epasi rese. Zvakareruka uye zvakanyanya pachena, sarudzo iri pedyo chikoro kwaunogona kuita mabasa ekudzidzisa, kunyangwe kazhinji maLinguist anodzidzisa paInternet, achitungamira blog kana kuwana mapoka ari kure.
Mukuwedzera, nzvimbo dzingangoita dzingangove:
- Dudziro Bureau, pamwe nevezvenhau vachiita zvekushanda kwekushanda kwemutengo wekunze uye zvinyorwa kubva kuInternet;
- Mayunivhesiti uye masangano anoda vashandi vanokwanisa kudzidzisa;
- Kushamwaridzana kwenyika dzese, kushamwaridzana uye nzvimbo dzevharanda, dzinoda kufambidzana kwepamberi kunyatsogadzira zvavanotaura mumitauro yakasiyana;
- H hottels, maraibhurari uye museum milions.
Zvakawanda sei zvinowana?
Mari yemitauro yemaperembudzi inzvimbo isingabvumirwe, nekuti yega yega nyanzvi rudzi rudzi rwechigadzirwa. Vhura Zvemhando yerudzi urwu neyakajeka, pachine nguva iri pachena yemabasa ingori iripo, asi iyo chaiyo kubva pane iyo rondedzero yemabasa ayo iyo inoenderana nekuti yakawanda sei yagadzirira kubhadhara sahwira. Zvekare, maLinguist mazhinji anoshanda akasununguka kana zvisiri nguva, uye zvinhu zvese zvinoenderana nemitero yeimwe nyanzvi uye kuyerera kwemirairo kwakatarisana nayo, uye ichi chisingakoshi chisingagumi.
Kupa kanenge chakajairika zano remubhadharo wemubatanidzwa, isu tichaenda kuburikidza nema profesa akabatana. Mushanduri womumiriri wevashanduri asina kuita basa rekushanda uye achishanda muhutano hwekusimbisa nemitauro yakakurumbira, hazviiti kuti hazvingaverengere pamubhadharo anopfuura mwedzi 20 kusvika pamakumi maviri. Mubairo wepakati wemudzidzisi wechikoro muRussia zviuru makumi matanhatu nenzwi. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, zvinhu zvese zvinoenderana nenharaunda, nekuti hachisi chakavanzika chekuti muMostery kana St. Petersburg mibairo inocherechedzwa kupfuura mudunhu.
Rubatsiro rwakanaka rwekusimudzira muhoro unogona kunge uri wekuwedzera mitauro kana zvirevo - kana ukasaterera, iyo yekuwisirwa inogona kuve inokwana zviuru gumi nezvishanu zvemazana emubhadharo. Basa remagetsi muThe-spha rinotendera kuti uwane kubva kune zviuru makumi mashanu nzungu uye kumusoro, zvakare vanowana vanowirirana vashanduri.
Kushanda pabazi reRussia rekambani yakakura yekune imwe nyika, munhu anogona kupfuura kupfuura kupfuura iyo nzira yepakati yerudzi rweRussia.
