Corundu - yakakosha mineral, iyo inozivikanwa kwazvo inodonha yeiyo safiro uye ruby. Matombo aya anotariswa kwete kungova matombo akakosha, asi zvishongo zveboka repamusoro. Muchandology, kune boka re corundu, rakafanana nechimiro, zvivakwa zvemakemikari uye zvemuviri. Kwenguva yakareba, nyanzvi dzakagoverwa mhando dze corundu semhando dzakasiyana dzematombo echisikigo.
Mushure memakemikari sainzi uye maGeological zvidzidzo zvakawana imwe nhanho, data yakawanikwa yekubatanidza zvicherwa mune rimwe boka. Maminerari ese akasiyana nechokunze kunze, uye mukuumbwa kwavo vaive mumwe. Saka zvakapihwa boka rematombo pasi pezita reGeneral "Corundu".
Nhoroondo Yezvekutanga
Nhoroondo yeCorunda ine mazana emakore mazhinji. Kudiwa kunoshamisa kweiyi mineral kwakamuka pakarepo kungoonekwa chete kugadzirwa kwake. Haasi ese akakosha subspecies e corundu anozivikanwa uye anozivikanwa Asi, pamwe, munhu wese anokwanisa kupindura mubvunzo wezvakacherwa neSafhire.
Asi mubvunzo wehunhu hwemagariro mune dzakawanda dzichakonzera matambudziko, kunyangwe paine kuti vese vane mbiri vane mbiri vanoumbwa kubva kune imwe mineral. Corunundum ine ruvara rwakapfuma gamut uye akawanda akasiyana. Mari yayo yakakwira, uye yakakurumbira pakati peunyanzvi hwakakura.
Pakutanga, aigona kuwana nekupfeka vanhu chete ndivo vechitendero: vapristi kana vapristi. Zvakatanga kugoverwa kwadzo pasi rese reCorungurum kubva kunzvimbo yeIndia, akawanawo munyika dzeEurope. Kudiwa kweCorundu kwakaumbwa nekukurumidza, mabwe akave mukurumbira uye mukuda.
Kubva kuvapirisiti, ibwe rakatamira kumwedzi, kwaakawana chirevo chekufananidzira. Zvipo zvine magumo emumvuri webhuruu kana mutsvuku mumvuri mumatanho ezvipfuyo zvepamusoro zvaionekwa sekuratidzwa kweruremekedzo rwakadzika.
MuRussia, mineral yakavhurwa pakati pezana remakore rapfuura. Domestic Name Corunda - Yahont. Iyo fry yahont izita reRuby, uye iyo Lazo-safiro. Iro ibwe raikosheswa kwazvo mukukudzwa kweRussia munguva dzese dzezvakaitika kare.
Chii chazviri?
Munyika dzakasiyana, corundu inonzi nenzira yavo, uye Pakati pezvakanyanya zvinoshamisa zvinhu, iwe unosangana zvinotevera:
- East Diamond;
- Violet;
- Padparradzha;
- Kumabvazuva kwemakuva Emerald;
- Almanandine safire;
- Kumabvazuva amethyst.
Pane pfungwa yakadai se "ibwe rakachena" - izvi zvinoreva kuti corundum ine zvinhu zvakanakisa uye zvinokosheswa mumusika unokosha. Izvo zvinotsanangurwa nenyaya yekuti kuwana matombo akadai kwakaoma kwazvo, nekuti mune zvakasikwa vanowanikwa vashoma kwazvo.
Mutsauko unosiyanisa uye tsananguro yemamineral:
- pachena pachena;
- Iro ibwe harina ruvara nekuda kwekushaiwa pigment;
- Mhando yakajeka inobwinya, vitreous;
- Kufanana kwakasimba kufanana nedhaimani.
Mune akawanda madhora, corunda anowana manyama akafemerwa zvine mafambiro akasiyana-siyana emabhureki, semuenzaniso, mari yemhando. Kana iri yeruvara, iyo pairi yemumvuri inofadza: Bhuruu uye yebhuruu, tsvuku uye tsvuku, girini, yepepuru.
Zvinonyatso kukosha kuti vanhu vauya nenguva dzvuku, nekuti matombo akadaro ari chiratidzo chesimba uye simba.
Nzvimbo yekuzvarirwa
Nhasi, masaji emasafiri engunundum nhamba dzinoda kusvika makumi maviri kupfuura ruby. Iyo yakakura kwazvo-chiyero migodhi yemakristasi anoitwa muAsia. Iyo nzvimbo yekuvandudza ndiyo quadrangle, iyo inosanganisira Thailand, Myanmar, India naSri Lanka. Iwo akakosha mabviro emubhedha erubatsiro anobva kuSri Lanka uye Myanmar deposits, uye Elite Safilives anouya kumusika weshembo kubva kuIndia.
Uye zvakare, corundu inonzi mineed muTanzania neAustralia. Iko kune anowana safirozi zvisingawanzo shambadziro - dema, girini. Hapana mashoma madiki madhipatimendi ari muUnited States uye muCanada.
Kana iri yeEuropean Continent, matafura anowanikwa muTurkey, Greece, Norway. Minda yemumba iri mune urals, mune yekutanga uye pasi peKrasnoyarsk. Imwe yenzvimbo dzichangoburwa dzekurwiswa kwe corundu, uvhure kubva kare, uri muKazakhstan.
Zvivakwa
Nemakemikari kuumbwa, boka re corundu rinoreva Crystalline Aluminium oxides. Iro dombo rinoumbwa chete uko kubereka kune huwandu hwakawanda hweAlumina, neSilika inofanira kunge iri pfupi. Anopfuura hafu yeiyo kuumbwa kweMaminerl Crystal - Aluminium. Formula yemakemikari akatevedzana – Al203.
Kuomarara uye kushambadzira kwedombo rakanaka kwakakwirira kwazvo, ine mumvuri wakachena bvudzi, uine grey uye ibwe rakanaka uye ibwe rakanakisa uye ibwe rakanyatsojeka. Hunhu hwekuomesa kuCorunda hunomira pane 2 nzvimbo mushure medhaimani pamhepo. Density - kanokwana 3.94 g / cm3.
Matombo asina pigment haawanzo, anosiyaniswa nerunako runoshamisa uye ane glitter yakafanana negirazi.
Kazhinji kazhinji muKorunde pane zvakasikwa Kutendeuka paChromium, Iron, Manganese naTitanium. Izvi zvakasvibiswa uye kupa ruvara rwekupedzisira rwemaminerti emaminerti, ichigadzira hupfumi hwemumvuri. Onal oude ipa mumvuri weelllowess, uye kuvapo gland Mune fomu yakachena inogadzira bhurawuni toni. Iron maererano ne Manganese inopa corundu Pink Ruvara.
Nekuda kwekupindira kweTitanium, mineral inova safiro, uye pamberi pe chromium inozochinja rubundum . Kuita pigment yakawanda uye yakagutswa, yakapfeka makristuru inoiswa pasi pe x-ray kugadzirisa, uye vanova vakajeka. Kupisa mineral, pane zvinopesana, kunoderedza kukura kweruvara. Semuenzaniso, ibwe remumvuri wemumvuri rinogona kuve rakapindu zvishoma pink.
Madziva ane mashiripiti uye ane hutano zvivakwa. Nekuda kwekupfeka kwetombo, zvinokwanisika kuve munhu akagadzikana uye anozvivimba. Iye zvakakwana anokanganisa ndangariro uye anowedzera kugona kwemusoro, anounganidza basa repfungwa. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kushandiswa panguva yekudzidziswa, pamwe nehurongwa hwekutsvagisa kana basa rekugadzira.
Dombo rakakodzera uye rekugadzira vanhu vachitsvaga kukurudzira.
Iko kukanganiswa kwebwe kunosiyana zvichienderana nemhando yezvishongo mazviri.
- Mhete uye zvindori. Kuzvishongedza kwakadaro kunobatsira pamatarenda, zvakavanzika mumunhu, mukuvandudzwa kwemweya kwemunhu. Kana iwe uchigara uchipfeka rin'i ne corundu kurudyi, saka unobva wamutsa kugona kuti iwe hauna kana kufunga. Kuita kuti vanhu vakanyanya uye vakasimba, vane ruzivo vanhu vanopa zano mhete chete pamunwe wepakati.
- Mhete. Kunyatso kukanganisa kuongororwa kwechinangwa kwezviri kuitika, iwe unogona kunyatsoongorora zviito nezviito. Kana iwe uchifunga nezve revo yehupenyu, pfeka corundu mumhete, ichabatsira kusaziva kwete chete mune iyi nyaya, asiwo pachako, uye zvakare ichakutungamira mukuwirirana kwemukati.
- Pendant uye kumiswa. Inokodzera kune avo vanoda rugare, vakaenzana. Kana iwe usina kugadzikana maererano nemanzwiro, usingazombodzoreredzwa, uchigara uchinetseka, kutsamwisa, kurwadziswa kwehasha - ichi chiitiko chako. Zvichabatsira kuve zvakanyanya kutariswa, kudzikama, kusatambura nemanzwiro emanzwiro.
Hazvigoneke kutaura nezvenzvimbo dzekurapa hunhu, sezvo corundu inoonekwa seimwe yemichero inonyanya kushanda. Ruvara rwunoenderana nekuti chiitiko chacho chichava nacho ibwe pamuviri uye chii chinogona kubatsira.
Nechinangwa chekurapa, tinokurudzira kupfeka kushongedzwa ne corundu kana iine ibwe iri newe muhomwe. Zviito zvakadaro zvinobatsira kugadzirisa huwandu hwehutano hwehutano: Dzosera kusadzivirirwa uye kwakajairika kushanda kwemukati memukati. Rubin zvakanyatsobata metabolism, inobatsira kutsungirira nezvirwere zvemidziyo, mwoyo, tsika dzinotenderera dzeropa.
Bhuruu Mineral Kuvandudza basa renzari dzezviratidzo, Yero Zvinobatsira zvine chekuita nehutano hwekunze: ganda, bvudzi, zvipikiri, ipa ganda reganda uye kutsva. Kana iwe uchida kuvandudza kushanda kweiyo yekugaya nhengo kana kuderedza uremu, ipapo iwe unofanirwa zvakare kushandisa matombo emumvuri wero. tsvuku Matombo odzikisira ropa. Pepuru Ruvara rwemaminerari zvichabatsira nezvirwere zvehurongwa hwekutya, neurosis, zvinokanganisa nyika, neurayias uye matambudziko evascular. Mune zviitiko zvekurohwa, kukuvara kwehuropi kunokurudzirwa kupfeka ibwe remumvuri uyu.
Vaya vanoda kuvandudza mwanyirwi ese emuviri, iwe unofanirwa kupfeka zvishongo, umo mhando dzemabwe akasiyana siyana dzakasanganiswa.
Varietsies
Mhando dzakakosha kwazvo dzemaminerari - safiro uye ruby, vane chikamu chepamusoro pakati pezvishongedzo. Pasinei nekuumbwa kwakafanana uye zvivakwa, matombo akasiyana mune mumwe nemumwe.
Ruby ane hunhu hunotevera:
- ine ruvara rutsvuku rwemumvuri akasiyana;
- Iyo palette inosiyana kubva kune juzi cherry uye ima rima muti wekushaiwa simba, zvisingawanzo canny toni dzepink;
- Zviyero zvakazara zvinokosheswa pamusoro (mutsvuku, Cherry, Burgundy, Rima Red);
- Matombo i chikamu pamutengo wavo kazhinji unopfuura kukosha kwedhaimani;
- Yakakwirira mwero wekujeka.
Corunundum ruby ane Dzinoverengeka subspecies ine maitiro akasiyana.
- Nyeredzi . Chinyorwa chisingawanzoitika, chinotaridzika zvakanaka kwazvo nekuda kwekutaridzika kwemisikanzwa. Kana iwe ukatarisa kucheka, iwe unogona kuona iwo magumo muchimiro chenyeredzi.
- Ceylon. Yakanaka kwazvo ibwe rakajeka violet mumvuri, cast lilac.
- Siamese. Mhando dzakasiyana siyana dzinosiyana kubva ku brown uye tsvuku kune violet, uye zvicherwa zvinotaridzika zvakanaka uye dzakanaka.
Izvi zvinotevera zvinhu zvinoratidzwa safiro:
- Pachena transpency;
- Chikamu chepamusoro pakati pezvishongedzo;
- Iyo shade pacette inosanganisira toni kubva pale yebhuruu kune yakajeka, inobata mimvuri yechikuru;
- Kugadziriswa kwemumvuri kune svikiro, asi ruvara pachayo rwakadzika kwazvo.
Maforungum SAFUNDURI ane akawanda akasiyana.
- Pepuru. Izvi zvisikwa zvinonzi zvakare kumabvazuva amethyst, ine ruvara rwebhuruu runotaridzika.
- Chlorosapphyr. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kubva padombo sesafiti ibwe rine toni greenish. Iyi mineral yakafanana chaizvo neEmerald, uye nyanzvi chete inogona chete kusiyanisa. Rimwe zita ndiChlorosapphor - East Emerald.
- Padparadja. Iyo inoratidzira toni dzinopenya dzeorenji, yero, pink seyakajeka uye yakasviba spectrum yemumvuri. PaPlatParency, matombo ese anogona kuve akasiyana zvachose.
- Leukosaphyr. Hunhu hwejecha rayo transpency hazvina mhosva, ndirwo rudzi rwerudzi rwunoti kumabvazuva kwedhaimani yemabvazuva.
- Nyeredzi . Yakasarudzika akasiyana-siyana, ine zvakafanana maitiro uye mhedzisiro ine ruby yezita rimwe chete. Iro dombo rekuchena rinoshamisa uye kujeka, kudhura zvakanyanya uye kunofarirwa nevateresi.
Yakachena corundu haina pigment, kureva kuti ichena kana ine grey tinge, iyo isingawanzo kuwanikwa.
Ndepapi?
Iko kushandiswa kweCocundu Inokosha Inoshanda kwete chete kune zvishongo. Opaque gry dombo rinoshandiswa muAbrasive Indasitiri . Yainogadzira proders yemhando yemhando, ichirovera zvishandiso, zvinhu zvinowedzera.
Nekuda kwekurwisa kupisa kwakanyanya, corundu inoshandiswa zvinobudirira mukati Kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekurapa, zvemagetsi. Mukuwedzera, corundu inoshandiswa mukugadzira zvinhu zvine mafuta ekunyora zvinhu. Kumwe kwainoenda kune izvo zvivakwa zve corundand zvinowanzoshandiswa - Amiation indasitiri. Iyo ndeye corundu inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwegirazi rakakwira-mugirazi rekutsiva kwezvirango kwete chete ndege, asi zvakare nzvimbo yemakwenzi.
Pasinei nezvimiro zvese izvi, kazhinji kazhinji corundu inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwezvishongo. Zvigadzirwa zvine rubu uye safiro zviri mukuda kukuru.
Ndiani anouya?
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kugomba ibwe revanhu vane simba, chiitiko, chinangwa uye kuda kukunda. Zvivakwa zvebwe zvinokutendera kuti utumire vanhu kusvika kune chinangwa, vanosungidza zviwanikwa zvavo zvemukati. Maererano nevazivi venyeredzi, iyi mineral inokodzera akawanda zodiac zviratidzo.
Semuyenzaniso, Aquarius, cancer nehove Inogona kunge yakapfekedzwa pasina kurambidzwa. Kwavari, minerali inogadzirisa zvivakwa zvayo zvakanaka uye inokubvumira kukwezva mafungu akanaka esimba anodzivirira kubva pane zvisina kunaka. Korundum ichanyanya kubatsira avo vari kuita bhizinesi kana zviitiko zvekugadzira, uye avo vane dziviriro vane simba zvakanyanya.
Aries Iyi crystal yakangoda zvachose uye zvirinani kudzivirira kupfeka kwake kwezera diki. Kana iwe watove nemakore makumi mana, ipapo nekuda kwako kurambidzwa uku hakushande. Kusiyana neizvozvo, mukukura kwemauto kunogona kubvisa zvakawanda zvinobatsira kubva padombo: Kubudirira muhupenyu hwega, kukura kwebasa, kumutsa matarenda.
Zvakaringana Hazvina kurairwa kupfeka corundu Capricorn - Kubva pane zvese zviratidzo gumi nembiri zve zodiac, ndega hapana nzira inoenderana nesimba reiyi mineral. Kana iwe ukasazvinetsa kusapindirana kwakadaro, saka zvese zvivakwa zvebwe zvinotanga kushanda mune rimwe divi, kumunhu. Kana vari zvimwe zviratidzo, vanogona kushongedzwa nedombo rakadai, asi pamwe chete nevamwe gm. Semuyenzaniso, Tales Corunundum ichanyanya kubatsira mukubatanidzwa neTurquoise, uye Lerv Iyi mineral yakanaka kupfeka musanganiswa ne amber kana brown yakapinza.
Chengetedza mitemo
Kumatombo aigara achiona zvinoshamisa, iwe unofanirwa kuvachengeta zvakanaka.
- Nguva nenguva kupukuta kushongedza nejira rakanyorova mumhinduro yedoro reAmoni remvura nemvura;
- Yakamira manyawi kukuvara kwakaoma, asi zvinodikanwa kuti utarise muchimiro kusvika nguva nenguva;
- Chengetedza zvinyorwa zvechiedza, kunyanya pasi pezuva rakakodzera zuva, inorambidzwa kwazvo;
- Hazvigoneke kuongorora kushongedza nemabwe akasikwa, sezvo kuverenga kwavo kuchinjwa, kuve wakareruka;
- Usashandise zvekushambidza kushongedza nemakemikari ecorundum uye brasive zvinoreva - ipa zvido kune soapy mhinduro dzemvura.
Maitiro ekusiyanisa dombo rechisikigo kubva kunhema?
Pakupera kweZimbabwe Carzer, iyo yekutanga kuumbwa yakagadzirwa, uye kubvira panguva iyoyo, zvicherwa zvekunyepedzera zvakakura mumarabhoritari, izvo hazvigone kudanwa fake, asi zvine misiyano yakakomba kubva pamatombo echisikigo. Laboratoriors yekukurumidzira kwecretrils iri muRussia, Germany, Switzerland. Sezvo iyo yakasikwa yakashongedzwa ichidhura kwazvo, Macormotic corundu ari mukuda kukuru. Kunze, ivo vakafanana kwazvo nezvichangobva kuchata, uye mutengo zvakachipa.
Paunenge uchitenga zvigadzirwa nemaswe zvakasikwa, iwe unofanirwa kuve wakanyatsoteerera, sezvo paine njodzi yekutenga nhema uye kubhadhara pagumi, kana kunyange kakapetwa kagumi kupfuura izvo zvakakodzera. Pane nzira dzakasiyana dzekuti dzisarudze mavambo emaminerari.
Kune yega yega crystal yekristaro inowanikwa Setifiketi yemhando yepamusoro ipo nzvimbo yamapambi yayo inoratidzwa. Kana pasina chitupa, uye chigadzirwa chakawira mumaoko ako, kudarika Sangano Rekutengeserana, unogona kuzvimiririra tarisa kunaka kwayo, semuenzaniso, nekudziya. Kuzvimanikidza kwemakwikwi anopisa kuitira kuti ruvara rwavo ruve rune mutoro, asi kana iwe uchipisa ibwe rakadai zvakare, richanzwa.
Mukunze korunde, kusiyana neyakajairika, mhepo mabhuru inogona kuve iripo. Uye zvakare, iyo laboratori corundu ine curviinear mhando zonality, inogona kuoneka, kumutarisa kuburikidza negirazi rinokudza.
Kana iwe ukaronga kutenga kutenga kwekodhi yekodhi, Ipa chigadzirwa kuti uongorore uko nyanzvi inoongorora iyo ne microscope kana polariskop . Kuongororwa kwakadaro kuchakubatsira iwe kuona chokwadi cheMaminerari uye anochengeta kuwanikwa kweanonyepa.
Nezve nzira yakapusa yekusiyanisa iyo fake inotaurira vhidhiyo inotevera.