Ichi chinhu chinoshamisa, asi pfungwa chaiyoiyo ye "Origami", iyo yatinoshandisa nhasi, mune chaiyo yakagadzirwa muna 1880. Pamberi peichi, mhizha yemapepa akadaidzwa kuti "Orikat" (iyo yakaratidzawo "nhamba dzakapetwa"). Origami anozivikanwa zvakanyanya muJapan, mune dzimwe nyika dzakawanda dzeAsia, kusanganisira China, uye maitiro aya nhasi anozivikanwa nenyika yose.
Ndiani uye oridhiami vakauya riini?
Origami isiriyo reculiar subspecies ekushongedza uye anoshandiswa art, nyika yekubva kwayo ndeye yekare China. Pakanga pano pepa iro rakagadzirwa pane imwe nguva, uye izvi ndizvo zvinyorwa zvikuru zvinogadzirwa nhamba dzekusika dzakagadzirwa. Iro zita rehunyanzvi rinobva kuJapan mazwi "OUI" - "Kuwedzera" uye "Kami" - Pepa (dzimwe nguva rakashandurwa se "Mwari"). Mukukosha, Origami isisiki yakasikwa yeunyanzvi hwemhando dzese dzehuwandu kubva kune rakakosha mhando yepepa revana nevakuru.
Pakutanga, rudzi urwu rwezvifananidzo zvakashandiswa kune zvinangwa zvechitendero uye saka chete mamoni uye vamiriri vezvevanonamata vanokudza vakakwanisa kuzviita. Iyo yakafungidzirwa kuti mhizha dzakadai dzinofanirwa kuve dzinokwanisa kuumba kubva papepa vanhu vese vane chinzvimbo chepamusoro munharaunda. Saka, mazana emakore apfuura basa iri rikaonekwa seyakanaka. Iko kubuda kwehunyanzvi uhwu kwakaita kuti zvikwanise kuparadzira tsika iyi yetsika pasi rese.
Iyo Yakanyanya Dutu Kubudirira uye Inoshingairira vanhu vekutanga zvakaitika muJapan. MaJapan atove munguva yeiyo Hayene Dynasty, iyo yaivapo kubva pa794 kusvika 1185, yaiwanzoshandisa akasiyana mapepa emapepa ekushandiswa kwemhemberero dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, Samurai akaunza kune mumwe nemumwe zviratidzo zverombo rakanaka muchimiro chemabhokisi kubva papepa bhajasi. Origami aigara achisangana kumhemberero dzemuchato: PaEvha wechiitiko chakawanda chepepa zvipfukuto zvakasikwa kune vachangobva kuvatedzera.
Iyi art mumakore epakati yakawanikwa zvakare mune dzimwe nyika, kwete chete asia chete, asi zvakare Europe.
MuEurope, zvinosiririsa, hapana ruzivo rwakawanda rwekuti hunyanzvi hwekuwedzera kwehuwandu kubva papepa racho rakatanga. Nekudaro, zvinozivikanwa nezvechokwadi kuti, semuenzaniso, vaArabab vakatanga kuita kuti Oriami pakati pezana ramakore rechi 6, Maurasi akaunza maitiro aya pane iyo pyrenean peninsula muzana yechigumi nemana. VaGerman vakatanga kugadzira manhamba akanaka muXV-XVI-XVI mazana emakore. Munyika dzeEurope, Origami akashandiswawo pamhemberero. Asi zvechokwadi fashoni muEurope, iyi art yekutanga yave chete nezve Xvii-Xvii-Xvii-Xviii-XVIII-XVIII-PAKATI PAMWE ZVAKAITWA ZVIMWE ZVAKAWANDA ZVAKAWANDA panguva iyoyo. Muchiitiko yeXix, iyo Origami yakagamuchira idzva kutenderera kwekushambadzira kwekuda. Friedrich machira, achigadzira dzidzo dzedzidzo, yakapihwa yekutanga uchishandisa Origami kubatsira vana kukudziridza chidimbu chidiki chipi.
Kubva pamakore makumi maviri muzana vanosvika 20, Origami razova nhungamiro yemafashoni mune hunyanzvi Ipapo rudzi rwepakutanga rwakadaro rwehunyanzvi, semugadziri weModular mhando, yakagadzirwawo. Iyi tekinoroji yakasiyana zvakanyanya kubva kune vekare. Mune yakajairwa fomu yeiyo manhamba manhamba zvakanyanya flat uye yakapetwa kubva kune imwe yepepa shizha. MuModular Technique, iyo nhamba ichave ine imwe nhamba yezvikamu, izvo zvinoiswa mukati meumwe neumwe mune yaunoda kurongeka. Semhedzisiro, pane chigadzirwa chengarava.
Kuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi
Makirasi emakirasi anowanzoita kunge anotaridzika kunge huwandu hwevanhukadzi - zvinowanzo kuve mhuka dzakasiyana kana zvinhu zvine chikamu chimwe chete kumeso uye hazvigone kumisikidza pasi. Iyi nzira inogadzira katsi uye mabheya, echando uye mamwe manhamba mazhinji anonakidza. Iyo nyaya inotaura kuti mune yega yega nyika pane zvinhu zvehunyanzvi uhwu hunonakidza, zvichienderana neyakasvika kune imwe nyika uye sezvinoita vanhu vemo.
Semuenzaniso, vana vese muRussia vanogadzira zvikepe kana ndege dzinobva mumapepa kwemakumi emakore, vasingafungiri kuti idzi dzinozivikanwa nhamba kubva kuhunyanzvi hwekutanga.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndiyo inotevera maitiro ekugadzira zvinyorwa zvekugadzira kubva papepa rinokosha.
Rakareruka Origami
Akavezwa Origami akarerutswa naChirungu Master John Smith. Icho chidimbu cheiyi nzira ndeyekuti panguva yekuumbwa kwehuwandu, chete nzira yekupeta "slide" uye "mupata". Maitiro aya akakwana kune anotanga artisians. Iko hakuna mazano akaomarara ayo anowanzoitika kune yakajairika michina. Rakarerutswa Origami inyanzvi iyo yavanotanga kudzidzisa vana rudzi urwu rweAsia hunyanzvi.
Tekinoroji "Nenzira"
Iyo nzira ndeyekutsvaira mune fomu yekudhirowa yakajeka, iri pane iyo ichave yechiitiko cheramangwana (pachave nezvose zviripo uye zvipenga zvenguva yemberi. Iwe unongofanira kungopa chimiro chechinhu chakasarudzwa. Asi nyanzvi zhinji dzichiri kufunga nezvehunyanzvi uhu hwakaomerwa nevatanga. Kutenda nenzira iyi yekutanga, zvinokwanisika kupeta mufananidzo pachayo, uye kana zvichidikanwa, kuti uzive chaizvo kuti zvakaitwa sei. Nechikonzero ichi, mapatani anoshandiswa mukuvandudzwa kwemabasa emazuva ano.
Maitiro e "Wet" Origami
Yakagadzirwa neunyanzvi hunyanzvi hune hunyanzvi hunonzi Akir Esidzava. Akangofunga kushandisa kwete huwandu hukuru hwemvura kuti ape mapepa epurasitiki. Uchishandisa mvura, mapepa emapepa anotanga kuwana iyo yaunoda kusimba kwemitsetse, zvohuvo zvavo zvinova zvakanyanya kuratidzira uye kuomarara.
Iyi nzira inofanirwa kushandiswa kune zvidyarwa kana huwandu hwemhuka, sezvavanofungidzirwa kuti zvakanyanya kuoma . Uye zvakare, nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwe "kunyorova" kupeta, iyo yakati wandei inotaridzika zvakanyanya. Kune nzira yakadaro, pepa rakakosha dense rinoshandiswa, rakavakirwa pane yakakosha glue. Nayo, iyo mapepa fiber ichave iri nani yakabatana nemumwe.
Kusududama
Urwu ndirwo rudzi rwemhando yepamusoro Modular Orilami. Iyo yakakosha yebasa ndeye kuunganidza maumbirwo ari muchimiro chendima yemapepa emapepa emapepa emapepa. Kuti uwane huwandu hwekupedzisira kuve hwakasimba, idzi nhoroondo dzinowanzo kuve dzakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nemumwe. Nenzira iyi, iwe unogona kugadzira ingoshamisa inoshamisa kubva pamapepa mavara uye shongedza iyo yemukati ye chero dzimba.
Art munguva dzazvino
Daying of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of of 1945, Origami, aine masoja ekuAmerica, akarova kutanga kweUnited States, uye yatove zvishoma, munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope.
Nenzira, iyo Art yakafanana naOriami, dzimwe nguva inoonekwa yakazvimirira munyika dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, chikoro chemapepa epepa muSpain chinozivikanwa, chakabatana nezita reMiguel um. Chikoro ichi panguva imwe chete chakagovera maitiro ayo ekupeta mapepa manhamba kunyangwe kune nyika dzeLatin America. Vagari veSpain vauya nedunhu ravo rekugadzira nhamba dzepapa, uye mukuwedzera, vakagadzira uye nenzira yehunhu (nzira yekugadzira mapepa maPaprites).
Art of Origami yakaonekwa mundima yeFrance padhuze nepapera yezana rexix uye yakashandiswa nemun'una - ivo vakaita shiri diki kubva papepa revanhu chairo, ndedzipi mapapiro emakungwa .
Nyika imwe neimwe yakatora hunyanzvi hwekutanga Oric Oric, achifunga nezve tsika dzenyika dzenyika.
MuHolland, kusikwa kwemapepa manhamba kunoreva kushongedza uye kunongedza art, inomira ipapo mumutsara mumwe neyembroidery uye bundu macrame.
MuRussia, tekinoroji yedzidzo inoedzwa seimwe yemhando dzekudzidziswa mune kindergartens uye zvikoro . Vadzidzisi vanopedzerwa nemakirasi evana, achivaratidza, maitiro ekuwedzera akasiyana mhizha kubva kune rakakosha pepa bhajasi. Rudzi urwu rwekusika runobvumidza iwe kuti usatore kwete chete mota yakadzika, asi zvakare kufunga, pamwe nekuyeuka, pfungwa.
Ose echinyakare echinyakare ane mraba renje. Nekudaro, nhasi unogona kusangana nyore nyore mhando dzinodonha kubva kuThe Triangle, rectangle, polygon.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Zvinotendwa kuti iyo yekutanga yekutanga yaOriami yakadhindwa muna 1797, yakasarudzika nezita rinotaura ruzha "Semambouka Orikat" ("Maitiro ekugadzira maCrames 1000"). Munyori weAkisato Rito Chibvumirano chinorondedzerwa mairi nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekuumba manhamba, zvakadii zvakanyanya tsika dzetsika dzetsika dzenyika yake iri kure.
Mubhuku renhau rezvinyorwa, iwe unogona kuwana iyo isingawanzo kubudirira kuita zvine chekuita neyekutanga maitiro. Pane rekodhi kune yakanyanya kuomesera Origami, iyo inonyanya kuomesesa nhamba, diki kwazvo muenzaniso uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvakawanda.
Nenzira, kubva pachigadziko chepepa yakaumbwa neZfaravlik kubvira 1999 chiratidzo cherunyararo pasi rese. Nguva pfupi yadarika, iyo yakakurumbira mapepa akapetwa crane akasikwa. Kureba kwaro kwakapfuura 6 m, airemera 794 kg. Iyo crane yaive yakakura kwazvo zvekuti aifanira kuunganidza uye kuratidza kune vateereri panhau huru.
Chimwezve chinhu chakamboitika chaitika Tenzi, Akira nitia, akagadzira kakawanda crane munyika ye microscopic pepa neparamende 0.1x0.1 mm. Akire aifanira kuita iri basa rekurwadza nebetsero yeanonamata tweezers uye microscope yakanaka.
Kazhinji, manhamba echiJapan anogadzirwa kubva kune rakakosha yepepa. Masters emazuvano anogona kushandisa nyore nyore kuputira pepa nekuda kwezvinangwa zvakadaro, dzimwe nguva unogona kuwana manhamba kubva pamirioni kubva pipi. Pepa renguva dzose repepanhau rinowanzoshandiswa. Chipo chakanyanya chokugadzira chinogona kuve chiratidzo, chakapetwa chakapetwa kubva kumari yemari.
7.
Mifananidzo