Chokwadi munhu wese muhudiki akaunganidzwa kubva pauwandu hwemapepa mune yekutanga maitiro, semuenzaniso, dhiragoni, ndege kana chikepe. Idzi sarudzo dzakajairika dzepepa chete dzinongova diki chikamu chehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, nekuti kutaura zvazviri, hunyanzvi uhwu hune nhoroondo yakapfuma uye nzira dzakasiyana siyana dzekugadzira zvinhu zvakanaka nemaoko. Munyaya ino, isu tichakurukura zvakadzama izvo izvo Origami maitiro ekuti zvakaratidza sei uye zvinoitika.
Chii chazviri?
Origami ndiyo nzira yekugadzira nhamba kubva papepa, chaizvo kubva kuJapan kududzirwa kunoshandurwa se "pepa rakapetwa". Unyanzvi hwekupeta mabundu kubva papepa zvakaonekwa mumabvazuva, zvichidarika zvishoma nezvishoma kutenderera nyika. Mapepa emapepa akasarudzika, nekuti kune nhamba dzakakurumbira dzinozivikanwa hazvidi chero chinhu kunze kwepepa uye kukurudziro.
MaJapan Orignami anovakirwa pakupeta, lexion uye zvisingaenzaniswi mapepa mapepa mune imwe nzira. Kushongedza uye kuisirwa art kunosanganisira akawanda akasiyana akasiyana mune huwandu hwezvinhu zvinoshandiswa uye maitiro ekupeta. Kutanga ORORAGIST YEMAHARA YEMAHARA YEMAHARA PANO Pasina Scissors uye Glue. Nyanzvi dzisina ruzivo dzinowanawo nzira dzinonakidza dzekuputika dzekirasi yavo, nekuti kune huwandu hukuru hwezvirongwa zvemagariro akasiyana.
Iyo inonyanya kuoma ndiyo nzira dzekunyorova uye modularkuputika kwemhizha, nyanzvi dzakadaro dzinowanzoita kuti vadikani vadikani vevanoda.
Nhoroondo Yezvekutanga
Iyo yekushongedza uye iyo art yekupeta pepa rakabuda mazana emakore apfuura, saka kune dzakawanda dzidziso dzekwakabva. Vazhinji vacho vanoshandura mune yakajairika maonero ayo zuva rekuzvarwa rekuzvarwa riri Japan. Chikonzero cheiyi pfungwa ndechekuti maJapan oga muwashandirwi aishandisa hunyanzvi hwekuita tsika dzakasiyana siyana dzechitendero - mhizha dzaiwanzotumirwa pamusuwo wetembere uye dzakaiswa pamba paatari.
Kusvikira nhasi, Japan yakachengeta dzimwe tsika dzekugadzira maimondi uye nekupeta zvitendero zveCrames kuti muurayike kana kurongedza bhora raKusudam mumusoro kukwezva zviroto zvakanaka.
Yokutanga Origami yakagadzirwa nesilikworm cappillars kubva kumabhokisi. Pakutanga, madhora akakwana akaunganidzwa, vakabika mumvura uye nekuomeswa. Ipapo iroting zvinyorwa zvekutora mutete, silky shizha, yakafanana nepepa razvino. Chigadzirwa chakadai chakadhura, saka nenguva yakatsiviwa nepepa kubva ku bamboo uye bark yemiti.
Kuwedzera kuJapan, hunyanzvi hwave hwakaitwa nesimba mune dzimwe nyika, senge China, Korea, Spain neGermany. MuEurope, Origami akave akakurumbira zvishoma kupfuura mumaAmeri enzvimbo dzekumabvazuva - vaSpanish vakatanga kuita mhemberero vachishandisa mapepa emapepa mukati mezana ramakore. Iyo huru kusvetuka kweiyo yakakurumbira yekushongedza uye inoshandiswa inoitika panguva iyo iyo iyo mudzidzisi weGerman Friedrich Frebel yakakurira kuchirongwa chekudzidziswa.
Pakati pezana ramakore rechi20, hurongwa hwekuita zvinhu zveYoxidzava-Randlett yakaunzwa, izvi zvakanyatsogadzirisa kunzwisisa kwezvirongwa uye zvakakwanira kuparadzira art pasi rese. Munenge muna 1960, vanhu vakatanga kusika zvizere kwete chete nhamba dzekare, asi zvakare bulk modular mhizha kubva papepa. Mazuva ano, Origami anoonekwa seanonyanya kuita zvinhu zvepasirese, pamwe nenzira huru yekukudziridza maoko asina kudzika.
Tsanangudzo yemarudzi
Classic Origami inosanganisira kusikwa kwehuwandu kubva kune rimwe pepa pepa. Kazhinji, mhizha dzakadai dzakapfava, asi kune zvakare zvisina kujairika mafoni uye zvigadzirwa zvakaoma. Rudzi urwu rwekushongedza uye runyorwa runyorwa runonyanya kuzivikanwa, asi zvinosanganisira akawanda ekutanga mafomu uye zviitiko zvakaoma zvisingafanire kutanga.
Nechikonzero ichi, kune yakareruka craft zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa uye maitiro akasiyana maitiro.
Mavambo akasiyana anoonekwa semhando dzinotevera: Kuunganidza kubva kuModule, zviri nyore nzira dzekuchinjika, kugadzira mhizha kune iyo nzira uye kusikwa kwehuwandu nemhando dzakatsiga nekuputika kwakanyorova. Pasinei nemusiyano wese, mhando imwe neimwe inoshandisa mamiriro ezvinhu ezvinyorwa, yakagadzirwa neyechiJapan is alammist akira yoxidhzavava. Isu tinokupa iwe kuti ufunge nezve imwe neimwe mhando yekushongedza uye inoshanda art.
Modular
MuModular Origami, maitiro ekupeta zvikamu zvakafanana neyekirasi Origami, asi mhedzisiro yebasa rakasiyana zvakanyanya. Modular mhizha - Idzi ndidzo huwandu hombe dzinounganidzwa kubva kune nhamba yakakura yemamendi ari oga kubva papepa. . Imwe neimwe module yakagadzirwa pane imwechete tekinoroji, uyezve zvikamu zvese zvakapetwa mune imwe neimwe neimwe nzira kuti uwane chigadzirwa cheicho chinodiwa fomu. Mune mamwe mhizha, kukura kweruzivo kunogona kusiyana, asi iyo nheyo yemiganda yekupeta inogara yakafanana.
Diki madhiri ari nyore haafambi nekuda kwesimba rekukakavara, uye kugadzirisa mienzaniso inorema dzimwe nguva inoshandisa glue, asi hazvidikanwe.
Iwo ma modules pachavo anouyawo mumhando dzakasiyana, asi kune yega yega hunyanzvi hunyanzvi, chete chimiro chimwe chezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa. Iko kune zvakare maudular Origami maitiro, umo zvisingagone kuita pasina glue, semuenzaniso, mukugadzira kweiyo kusudABLA bhora. Mhizha dzakareruka, semuenzaniso, sonob's cube kana flat chidiki pane imwe chete pane, batisisa uye isina glue. Panyaya kana mapaneru kana manhamba ari mazana kana kunyange zviuru zvemagoni, Glue anofanirwa kuve akakosha.
Mhando dzeModules dzakasiyana munzira yavakabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe, semhedzisiro yerudzi rwese rwezvinhu, huwandu hwakakura hwemhando dzakasiyana dzemhizha dzinowanikwa. Nhoroondo dziri mbiri dzepamhepo uye voluminous: yekutanga ndeye polygons (inomira), asterisks, mhete uye yechipiri - iyo yechipiri polyhedra uye yavo yekubvumirana.
Nyore
Tech Tech of Folding mavara epepa akagadzirwa neBritish anonzi John Smith. Iyo yeBritish ORMist yakagadzira iyo Simprified System yekugadzira yakagadzirirwa kuti itange zvibodzwa - inoenderana chete mumakomo egomo nemupata. Mhedzisiro yakapusa haikwanise kwete chete kune vasina ruzivo, asiwo kuvanhu vakaremara.
Iyo yakaoma tsika kubva kune maviri ekupeta maitiro ekupukuta kudzima kugona kushandisa maitiro akaoma
Iyo nzira yekugadzira iri nyore mavambo ndeyekugadzira sijini ine zvakakosha zvakasiyana siyana, asi uchishandisa mipendero uye kupeta minima. Mumwe musiyano uripo pakati pezvakareruka kubva pane iyo classic ndeyekushomeka kweiyo hutsinye zvinodiwa pakushandiswa kwemapepa akakodzera, mapoka ese anoitwa "paziso". Izvi zvinoratidzira zvimwe zvakanakira kana uchigadzira hunyanzvi, nekuti chigadzirwa chimwe nechimwe chichava chakasiyana, kunyanya kana chiri chiso chemhuka kana chirevo chechiso.
Maitiro Ekupeta
Iyo yekutanga mafambiro ehunyanzvi chiitiko chakakosha pane izvo zvese zvinodikanwa zvinodikanwa zvakatoiswa kupeta mabundu. Iyi nzira iri nyore kupfuura iyo kuunganidzwa kweiyo nguva dzose chirongwa, nekuti yehuwandu hwakaoma, kuraira kuchave kwakanyanya. Parizvino, mafungire akareruka ematterns anoshandiswa kubereka manyorerwo akaomarara, saka Kuzvishongedza kwechiJapan kwakadaro uye hunyanzvi hwakashandiswa kuri kuwedzera kufarirwa.
Pakutanga kutarisa, zvinogona kuita sekuti iyo nzira haina kutaridzika seyakajairwa mamiriro ezvinhu epasembly. Nekudaro, kutaura idi, dhirowa rinopa ruzivo rwakawanda - kwete chete murayiridzo wekupeta iwo muenzaniso, asiwo maitirwo akagadzirwa . American Origgamist Robert Lang anopokana kuti hazvidikanwe kuti vazive kutevedzana kwezviito zvachose zvachose pakupeta kweiyo nzira pane iyo nzira, uye inogona kunge isiri iyo nhanho-nhanho-nhanho-nhanho mirairo. Chikonzero ndechekuti Zvese zvinokotama uye madonhwe anoitwa panguva imwe chete, pasina chero gadziriro.
Pane mamwe mapatani, hapana mamwe mimwe mitsara isina mhosva yeiyo yakakosha fomu yemhando, saka zvimwe zvinhu zvevanorangana zvinofanirwa kunge zvakazvimirira zvakazvimirira.
Paunenge uchigadzira mapatani, vanyori havashandise zviratidzo zvekare zve "gomo" uye "mupata". Zvese zvidhori zvakafukidzwa nehuwandu hukuru hwemitsetse uye hwakamanikidza kuti zvinova zvakaoma kuverenga. Parizvino, hapana imwe system yekugadzira maitiro, saka maAriamist anoshandisa makafungo akati wandei:
Pfungwa dzisingaremerwa - mitsara yese inoshandiswa yakafanana;
Iyo nzira yakajeka - iyo Line "gomo" uye "mupata" rinoshandiswa munzira dzakasiyana;
Zvekudhinda - mitsara inosiyana mukukora kana nenzira yekunyorera (mutsara wakasimbiswa uye tambo dotted);
Kuburitsa paInternet - mitsara inoiswa mumhando mbiri dzakasiyana, kazhinji dzvuku uye bhuruu.
Wet Folding
Maitiro ekunyorova wekuputira Origami, akagadzirwa neyekugadzi anonzi Akira yunguanga, Inokutendera kuti ugadzire manhamba nemitsetse yakatsiga, inoratidzira contours uye chimiro chakaomarara. Nzira inofungidzira izvozvo Mukati megungano, bepa rakanyorova mumvura, rinoita kuti riome dress, nepo kuchengetedza chimiro chakapfava. Iyo nzira yekupeta yakanyanya kusiyana neyekirasi yekirasi, mune iyo chaiyo flat solls inoonekwa seyakanaka. Orign Origami, akagadzirwa nenzira yakanyorova, haapi chero nzira yeGeometric echokwadi, saka zvakanakira kugadzira zvinhu zvakasikwa, zvakadai sezvirimwa nemhuka. Parizvino, iyi nzira ndiyo yakanyanya kukodzera kutapurirana kwematanho akavimbika ezvifananidzo zvevamiririri veFlora uye Fauna.
Kurovera kwetoro kunotendera iwe kupeta chero manhamba, asi zvakanaka kuti uwane nyore miviri mhando . Usati watanga basa racho, vairairidzo vanokurudzira kuyedza kutanga kupeta iyo nhamba kune iyo nzira yekirasi yekunyatsonzwisisa tekinoroji, uye chete wobva watanga nzira nyoro.
Iyo nzira yakanyorova inoonekwa seyakaomesesa kupfuura iyo classic imwe, saka haina kukodzera kune vanotanga.
Yeiyo yekushongedza yakadaro uye yakashandiswa art, inodikanwa kuti iite nehanya yakasarudzwa pepa - Iyo yakawanda yakaoma uye iyo yakakura nhamba, iyo yakawanda bepa racho rinofanira kunge riri. Fungidziro yepepa density yakakodzera kune yakamonyorova Origami - kubva pamakumi mapfumbamwe kusvika 170 g / m². Asi kunyange zvinhu zvakadaro hazvigone kucheneswa zvizere, zvikasadaro mapundu acho anozoitika. Munguva yekupeta, izvo chete izvo izvo zvinoda kuumbwa zvinonyoroverwa.
Nheyo dzakajairika
Imwe neimwe yeArigami yekusangana inokubvumira kuti uite mhizha dzakasiyana siyana, kana dzakafanana nemumwe, Nekudaro, matekiniki ese anosanganisa mamwe magungano . Izvi zviratidzo zvine mimwe mavara (miseve, yakanyorwa, mitsara, nezvimwewo), iyo, pasina mazwi asina kukodzera, tsanangura izvo manipuriro zvinofanirwa kuitwa nepepa. Iyo yakasarudzika uye yakapusa system yezviratidzo yakagadzirwa neJapan Origgami nyanzvi - Akira yoxidhzavava.
Kupeta manhamba nevana
Vana vazhinji vanofarira kupeta manhamba ekurionga, kunyanya kana vanogona kushandiswa kutamba kana kupa munhu wepedyo. Mapepa emapepa inzira huru yekugadzira zvinyorwa zvegore idzva kwechikoro kana chipo chaKurume 8 vadzidzisi uye vehama vakadzi. Mhando dzinogona kugadzirwa kubva papepa rose rine mavara uye bepanhau kana pepanhau. Makirasi ekupeta manhamba anobatsira zvakanyanya - anovandudza madiki madiki uye fungidziro.
Isu tinoratidza kufunga nezve akati wandei mazano anonakidza kugadzira maimoti nevana.
Mhizha dzemitambo. Origami mafambiro anokubvumira iwe kupeta manhamba akasiyana aunogona kutamba. Iwo anozivikanwa matoyi ari Origami pakati pevana "musungo wemunwe" uye "mwanasikana". Kubhururuka ndege dzinobhururuka, dzinowanzoita kwete chete vana chete, asiwo vakuru vanotambwa. Zvakare nemitambo yakakodzera mhuka neshiri, senge marara, mbeva kana twiza.
- Zviripo . Mubereki wese angangoziva kuti kusika kwevana ndicho chipo chakanakisa. Chokwadi vanhu vazhinji pane firiji vanorembera "basa rekutanga" remwana. Nerubatsiro rwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, vana vanogona kugadzira zvinhu zvinonakidza zvinokatyamadza zvinogona kupihwa kuzere mazororo. Semuenzaniso, mbambo kana lily yepepa chipo chakanakisa kwazvo kuna March 8, uye horo, pfuti kana iyo ndege yendege - chipo chechiChin chechiChin cheVakomana munaFebruary 23.
- Zviitiko zvisina kujairika. Mazhinji mapepa emapepa anoshandiswa sekushongedza kwemakamuri. Kushongedza kwakanaka kwekamuri yevana ipepa pepa pokemon nemaziso kubva pamatanda, bhora "kusudamama" kana crane inozivikanwa. Kune vasikana, mhizha dzeimba yechiPPPET, semuenzaniso, fenicha (sofa, tafura uye zvigaro), uye zvinhu zvipfeko (zvipfeko, shangu kana mapfekero) zvichave zvakakodzera. Vakomana vachange vachifarira kuunganidza madiki madiki emota dzinofamba, rori kana zvikepe.
7.
Mifananidzo
Nzvimbo huru yeiko yevana yekusika inoburitsa Modular Orilami "Polyhedron", nekuti kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita mufananidzo wakadai. Zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana siyana zvakadai zvinopihwa nenzira dzinoverengeka dzekupeta module, assortment of zvigadzirwa zvinoshandiswa uye huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu (semuenzaniso, Tetrahedron uye dodecahedron). "Kusudam" Handicraft inofungidzirwawo pherhedron uye inogona kunge iine imwe nzira, semuenzaniso, nyeredzi.
Mazano evakuru
Origami ndeye inonakidza uye inoverengeka art iyo ine mamirioni evatariri pasi rese. . Parizvino, mavara emapepa emapepa anoronga masangano akasarudzika umo mavambo ari kuzogadzira mapepa matsva asina kujairika nemaoko avo.
Kuwanda kwekupedzisira kwakatungamira kuchokwadi kuti art akatanga kukudziridza pace hombe - parizvino paine nhamba huru yemhizha, iyo iyo kuraira kuchisiri kunyorwa, nekuti mavambo evavengi anowanzogadzira manhamba idzva.
Chimbofunga nezve akati wandei pasina mazano evakuru.
Maple mashizha . Ruoko rwakatorwa rwakagadzirwa nezvikamu zvakati wandei. Iyo pepa rinogona kugadzirwa mumunun'i, vachigadzira iyo module yerudzi rumwe chete, kana kugutsikana nemapepa eyekuvhuvhusa, kugadzira zvikamu kubva kune mapepa emavara akasiyana. Mhizha dzakadaro dzinogona kushandiswa kushongedza imba mukudonha - vanotaridzika zvakanaka pamahwindo uye magirazi.
- Musikana ari muitiro we "Wet Origami". Mifananidzo yevasikana ndeyekushongedza kukuru kwemusha kana kubasa, iyo yemhando yepamusoro haina kutora nzvimbo yakawanda uye inoshamisa nekunaka kwayo. Mifananidzo yakakurumbira ndiyo "musikana-viininist", "tsvuku iiti uye" mukadzi ane mapapiro ".
- Realistic rhinoceros. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuunganidza rhino kubva patsvina - kubva pane zvirongwa zviri nyore nemari shoma yemapepa akaomarara volumetric. Nyanzvi dzakaomesesa, asi kutapurirana nekuvimbika chimiro chechikara ichi chine simba, chinoonekwa seyoriori. Iwe unogona kutanga edza kugadzira rhino mune yakasarudzika maitiro nekukanda zvakapinza, uye wozoona simba rako nekugadzira vhezheni yemhuka ine matunhu ematunhu.
- MSOL SALAL. Vagari veMarine vagari vakanakisa kukurudziro yevaeni vanoda. Chisikwa chekati yemaritime kufadza ndiyo nzira huru yekusundira hunyanzvi hwekupeta nhamba uye kudzoreredza kuunganidzwa kwako kwemhando dzemapepa.
- Dhaimani . Dhaimani rakanakisa kana dhaimondi rakanakisa rekushongedza kwemuti weKisimusi iro rinogona kuitwa nemaoko ako pachako. Iyo krisitive yakanaka yakagadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana - kubva pane imwe sheet mune yakasarudzika maitiro uye kubva ku module yeimwe fomu.
- Chitima . Kutakura njanji kubva kuvanhu vazhinji kwakabatana nekufamba uye nhandaro, saka mavambo okutanga auya nenzira yekuita nzira yekunyomba kubva kuOrigami yekushongedza imba yavo.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Origami inzvimbo yekare yakarongedzwa makore mazhinji apfuura muEast nyika. Zvakangodaro, izwi rekuti "Origami" pacharo rakagadzirwa munguva pfupi yapfuura - muna 1880, uye zvisati zvaitika, nhamba dzepepa dzaidaidzwa kuti "Orikat", iyo inoshandurwa kubva kuJapanese se "manhamba" akapetwa ".
Vanyori venhoroondo vazhinji vanotenda kuti kushongedza uye hunyanzvi hwakagadzirwa muJapan, asi hapana chiratidzo chakakwana, nekuti zvave munguva dzekare mune dzimwe nyika dzekumabvazuva, dzakadai seChina neKorea.
Pakutanga, mapepa emapepa akasikwa kushongedza nzvimbo panguva yezororo kana mune zvinangwa zvechitendero, nekuti munguva dzekare, pepa raive rakadhura. Uye zvakare, maitiro ekugadzira mari yekugadzira pacharo yakagarwa nhaka uye yaionekwa seyakakosha mhuri. Sekureva kwetsika dzekumabvazuva, tekinoroji yekugadzira yekugadzira yakaendeswa kumuzinda wemukadzi - amai vacho vakazivisa ungano yakavanzika kuvanasikana vavo.
Nhoroondo yakapfuma yekubuda uye kuvandudza kwaOriami kwakachengeta zvakawanda zvinonakidza zvechokwadi kunguva yedu. Isu tinoti kufunga nezvezvevamwe vavo.
Iri bhuku rekutanga rakabatana naOrigami rakaburitswa muna 1797 neJapan anonzi Akisato Rito. Mubhuku rinonzi "Semambouka Orikat" (kana "kupeta zviuru zveCrames"), tsika dzepamhepo dzeJapan dzakarondedzerwa, kusanganisira kusikwa kwemapepa.
- Mupiro wakakura kwazvo wekuvandudza art akaunzwa Akira Yoshidza, Ndakaburitsa mabhuku akati wandei ezvedzidzo nenheyo dzakawanda dzekupeta uye dzakasiyana siyana marongwa.
- Muna 1999, iyo yakakura kwazvo pepa caravlik yaive yakaoma - Kureba kwayo kwakarondedzerwa nemamita 6.5, uye uremu hwakasvika 794 kg. Kubva ipapo, iyo Origami "Zhumavlik" inoonekwa sechiratidzo chenyika.
- Iyo Tiny Zhumavlik yakagadzirwa neiyo Origamist inonzi Akira Nitia -Kugadzira muenzaniso, wakashandisa pepa nehukuru hwe 1x1 mm. Kupeta iyo miniature modhi, tenzi akashandisa microscope uye tweezers.
- "Bhuku reGuin reMarekodhi" rine nhamba yakakura yemarekodhi ane hukama neyekutanga maitiro, - Kubva kuchigadzirwa chemhando dzakaomarara munyika kune gungano-rinokumhanya musangano remamwe manhamba.
Zvizhinji nezvezvakanyorwa kwavari uye kuti zvinoitika sei, tarisa muvhidhiyo iri pazasi.