Mutsika yeEurope isina chipunu, hapana anogona kuita. Iyo inogadzirwa kubva kune dzakasiyana zvinhu. Saizi uye chimiro cheiyo tafura nyaya zvinoenderana nechinangwa charo: kofi, tii, dessert. Isu tinokurumidza kunzwisisa zvatichazove, kana imwe ndiro, uye musingatombofunga kuti chinhu ichi chakagadzirwa uye paakawana kutaridzika kwedu.
Nhoroondo uye Mhedzisiro yeHurunura
Spoon ndeyekuti chigadzirwa chekare chekuti hazvibviri kumisikidza nguva yekugara kwekuvapo kwayo. Vanotsvagurudza vanodaidza zuva rakasiyana rekuzvarwa, zera rinofungidzirwa kuti rinobva pamakore matatu kusvika manomwe. Izvo hazvizivikanwe kunyange zvakatanga zita reshoko iri. Linguists ona iyo General Slavonic Midzi mumashoko "anonyepa" kana "choking", pamwe "ne" danda ", zvinoreva kuti" kuderera ". Izvo zvinokwanisika kubvira kubva muchiGreek - "kumedza".
Mumwe anonyatsoziva kuti chipunu chaiwonekwa kare forogo. Inogona kudya zvese zvakasimba uye zvinwiwa chikafu, uye for for fork - chete zvakaoma.
Nyika Yekare
Kufudzwa kwezvipenga kwakatanga vanhu vazhinji, aya aive mahedheni egungwa, mafuru ematehwe emashells kana akakotama mashizha ezvirimwa. Kusvika parizvino, mamwe madzinza muAfrica neSouth America vanoshandisa mahebhu akasununguka eMollusks pachinzvimbo. Zvitatu zvekutanga zvakagadzirwa nevanhu vairatidzika kunge zvidiki zvidiki zvidimbu zvine mapfupi. Gare gare kugadzira chinhu ichi chinoshandiswa huni, mapfupa uye nyanga dzemhuka, kunyange gare gare - simbi.
Kufumurwa kwakaratidza kuti MuIjipita yekare, taishandisa c clery muzana remakore rechishanu kusvika kuzuva redu, "zvigadzirwa zvakafanana zvakagadzirwa zvebwe zvakawanikwa. MaGreek ekare akagadzirwa nenzvimbo kubva kuPearl mahedheni. Vanochera matongo vakafanana nezvinhu zvetafura kubva munyanga dzemhuka uye mapfupa ehove ndeemireniyumu yechitatu kuguva yedu. Munguva yeiyo heiday yerudzi rwechiGreek, bronze uye sirivheri zvishandiso zvinoshandiswa pakudya chikafu chakaonekwa.
Middle Ages
MuRussia, izvo zvishongo zvakatanga kunyorera mazana emakore akati wandei apfuura pane kuzorora kweEurope. Mberi, kurongeka kwemuchinda Vladimir (WC) inotaurwa nevatenzi vechigadzirwa chevarimi vevarwere pamatanho avo ese. Nenguva ino MuRussia, mashopu emapuranga akatoshandiswa pese pese. Mune dzimwe mhuri, mhizha ivo pachavo vakazviita kuti vadye chikafu chekudya chikafu. Asi kazhinji kazhinji vaishandisa zvigadzirwa zvevaridzi-vanogara. Sezvinyorwa zvinoshandiswa: Aspen, maple, Birch, Linden, Plum, mupepuro muti. Izvi zvaive zvigadzirwa zviri nyore uye zvinoshanda. Vakavezwa uye vakapendwa nguva zhinji gare gare.
Pamusoro peItari uye Greece, kujairana nemidziyo yekudyira nenguva yakadzama, muCaryii zana, vanhu veEurope vakaonekwa sirivheri. Pamabhiza airatidzirwa vadzidzi vaJesu Kristu, saka matafura akatanga kufonera "zvipfeko zveApostora."
Renaissance
Muzana ramakore reCentine, kunze kwebronze nesirivheri, vakatanga kuburitsa zvinhu zvekucheka kubva pamhangura nendarira. Metal yakanga ichiri kufungwa nerombo revanhu vapfumi, varombo vakashandiswa nezvinhu zvamatanda.
Epoch yekujekeswa
Peter wekutanga akaenda kunoshanyira nemidziyo yayo yekucheka. Kutevera muenzaniso wake, tsika yakatemwa muRussia: kuenda kunoshanyira, tora chipunu naye. MuXviii zana, apo Aluminium paakavhurwa, cutlery yekutanga kubva pesimbi iyi yakashandiswa chete nevaenzi chete, iyo inosara yekupfura nemafuta esirita. Muzana ramakore rimwe chete, zvipfeko zvekutenderera zvakawana kutaridzika kwemazuva ese uye kwakaringana. Uye zvakare, iyo yakasimbiswa fashoni tea yakakonzera kugadzirwa kwekucheka kwehukuru hwakasiyana. Nenguva ino inosanganisira kutaridzika kwemasupuni, uye zvishoma zvakanyanya - uye kofi.
Mafashoni mune refu nguo 'zvipfeko zvakatambawo chikamu mukushandura cutlery - pakanga paine kudikanwa kwekuti chibatane kwenguva refu, izvo zvakaita kuti chinhu ichi chakafanana nemanje.
XIX yezana
German E. Geithner kutanga muEurope (1825) vakatanga kuburitsa curlery kubva mhangura, zinc naNickel Alloy, akamutumidza kuti Argentan. Iyo Alloy inodhura yakadhura kupfuura sirivheri, vakawanda vagadziri veEuropean vakatanga kuishandisa kune zvigadzirwa zvavo. Nhasi, zvipenga zvakadai zvinonzi Melchiirov, uye ivo havana kurasikirwa nekuzivikanwa kwavo.
XX, XXI Century
Kuvhurwa kwesimbi yesimbi isina tsvina pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura kwave kushandura nzvimbo munhoroondo yekucheka. Iye zvino simbi iyi ichaumba 80% yezvese zvinhu zviri papasi. Chrome, iyo yakapinda chigadzirwa, inozvigadzirisa kubva kuPorrosion.
Nhasi, zvinyadzo zvinogadzirwa kubva mumasimbe akasiyana-siyana, asi sirivha yetafura ichiri kukudzwa.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Zvipongo zvinoratidzika kunge zvakajairika, zvinozivikanwa kicheni michina midziyo. Asi, apfuura nzira refu yenhoroondo, ivo vakatora chikamu munhau dzakawanda dzinonakidza. Semuenzaniso, havasi vese munhu wese anoziva kuti mashoko ekuti "anorova mabumps" anobva, kunyangwe munhu wese achiziva kuti vanotaura nezve simbe. MuLodkunuri kesi paine basa rakareruka - iri kupaza kuputsa muzvikamu (mabhisikiti) izvo zvinova zvimedu zvezvinhu zvenguva yemberi. Mukugadzirwa kwezvipenga, mabumps ainzi bhizinesi rakareruka uye rakagadzwa mumudzidzi anonyanya kufanana.
Mumazuva ekare munhu wese aive aine chake chipunu. Kana achangozvarwa aine meno okutanga uye akatanga kutora chimwe chikafu, kunze kwemukaka wembwa, akapihwa chipunu chidiki. Yaifungidzirwa kuti: Kana yakagadzirwa nesirivheri kana ndarama, mucheche mune ramangwana haingade chero chinhu. Kutsika, vanhu vemazuva ano vanowanzoitirwa, vachipa mwana ne sirivha "pameno."
Vanhu vakatenda mune zvimwe zviratidzo zvakabatana ne cutlery:
- Kuisa mukana wezvipenga zviviri mukapu imwe, unogona kutarisira muchato;
- Iyo spoon yakawira pasi patafura - mirira kushanya kumukadzi, banga rakadonhedzwa - murume achauya;
- Iyo yekuwedzera cutlery yaive patafura panguva yemhuri masikati - ichava nemuenzi;
- Hazvigoneke kugogodza patafura ine chipunu - dambudziko richauya;
- Avo vanonanzva chipunu mushure mekudya, vakamirira muchato unofadza wemuchato.
Chinhu chetafura chakaramba chinzvimbo chake muhupenyu hwemudzidzi wekare. Muchibereko chechiXix, vechidiki vanogashira dzidzo muKazan University, bvunzo imwe neimwe isati yapaza tete pasi pechipfeko kuti ubudirire kupfuudza bvunzo. Zvakaoma kutaura kuti pfungwa yacho yakaiswa mukubvuma uku, asi vadzidzi vaitenda kuti aishanda. MuYunivhesiti yeCambridge, iyo Spoon yakashandiswa pane imwe nguva: Cuthose Cutlery yakatemwa kubva pamuti nehurefu hwekukura kwevanhu uye akapa mudzidzi wepamoyo sechiratidzo chekunyaradza.
Master ane mukurumbira weSurrealism Salvador Dali akashandisa spoon kunge alarm wachi. Akabatanidza kukosha kukuru kwezuva rekurara, asi aisada kushandisa nguva yakawandisa paari. Kudonha nehope mune yako yaunofarira chigaro, muimbi akachengeta chinhu chetafura mumaoko ake. Paakadonha, Dali akamuka kubva kuruzha. Panguva ino aive akakwana kudzoreredza mauto kuti aenderere mberi nebasa.
Chinhu chidiki chakadai, sapuni, ine nhoroondo refu uye izita risingaruri hwehupenyu hwedu.
Mune iyo inotevera vhidhiyo iwe unowana iyo nyaya yemupuni mumifananidzo.