Siliva Spoon (27 photos): Yemunhu Te they Poines yesirivheri, sirivheri yakadzvanywa dessert cakery, kunyora seti

Silir sirivoni inofungidzirwa kuti inosungirwa mumhepo imwe neimwe panogara vana. Mune chinyorwa chedu, isu tichazokuudza maitiro ekusarudza uye nekunyatso kutarisira zvishandiso zvekucheka, uye nei tsika yairatidzika kuvapa vana, uye ndedzipi zvinhu zvinobatsira zvevarwere.

Nhoroondo

Zvipfeko zvesimbi zvakadaro, sirivheri, vakaonekwa muRoma neGreek. Panguva yeMiddle Ages, vagari vemo vakasarudzika uye chivanze cheumambo chaishandiswa nemidziyo yakadaro curlery. Vakawedzera kufamba zvishoma gare gare - mune renissance epoch. Ipapo tsika yekupa mwana kusvika pakuziva "zvimedu zveApostora", ivo vakagadzirwa sirivheri, uye kuchekwa kwakashongedzwa nemufananidzo wemhandara, Jesu Kristu nengirozi.

Mapfuro awa Mwari akapa vamwari vavo mapuranga, uye vana vanobva kumhuri dzakakurumbira vakagamuchira sirivha yakazara yezvinhu gumi nembiri. Netsika, mwana akapiwa chipanje nemufananidzo wemupostori, mukuremekedza kwaakagamuchira zita rake. Nekudaro, havazi vese vaigona kupa chipo chakafanana, ndosaka pakanga paine aonekwa achizivikanwa mutsara "Akazvarwa aine sirivheri mumuromo," zvinoreva kuti munhu akazvarwa mumhuri ine vanhu zvakanyanya zvekunyanyisa.

Munguva yeBaroque, dzimwe sarudzo dzekushongedza kweSpoon yakaonekwa kwenguva yekutanga - vakatanga kushandisa mapepa ekutanga, nzvimbo dzemamwe mifananidzo.

MuRussia, cutlery akadaro yakaonekwa pakupera kwemireniyumu yekutanga. Saka, muna 998, machinda emuchinda Vladimir akagamuchira izvi zvipo sechipo chekutora kwekutenda kwechiKristu uye vazere neichi chechihedheni.

Munyika medu, chipunu chesirivheri chakafarirwa kwazvo uye chinodhura chakapihwa - haana kungoonekwa seanoonekwa zino rekutanga, asiwo kupinda mucheche pakurovedza muviri, uye zvakare akauya kuvatemereriamu, uye zvakare akauyawo achangobva kuchata. Mhuri dzakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya dzakaunganidza sirivheri, sekushora kwevanasikana vavo, zvakange zvakaendeswa kuna mai kumwanasikana wavo kusvikira kumarudzi namarudzi.

Zvakanyanya kukosha zvaigara zvichinzi tafura

Semuenzaniso, pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura, vaviri vevatambi vepamberi, Christie vakaenda kumadhora mazana masere, uye chipunu chakagadzirwa naFyodor Rycker akatengeswa kwemadhora gumi nemaviri.

Pasi rese, iyo tafura sirivha yemhando yeGerman inoongwa zvakanyanya. Saka, Robbe & Berking akareba akapa zvigadzirwa kuDare reArab Sheikh uye The Chirungu mambokadzi. Zvigadzirwa zveRobert Freund, Franz Schnell Halle, uye Herbert Zeitner, haanyanyofariri.

Inokosheswa kwazvo neChirungu chidiki kubva kune sirivheri William anoyamwa, ridley hayes , pamwe nezvigadzirwa zvemamwe mabhizinesi anobata. Pakati pevatenzi veRussia, hama dzeGrachev, Ovinnikov, Sazikov, uye, vazhinji vavo vaive munguva yeRussian verussian tare, iri raikudzwa uye rakakudzwa, saka ndiro dzezvinyorwa izvi vaiwanzo kuvezwa nechiratidzo chakakosha musiyano. Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvefekitori renzvimbo dziri mukuda.

Mazuva ano, mitengo yebasa revatenzi ava haigone kunzi yakanamwiswa, kwete chete mamirioni emamirioni anogona kuvapa. Semuenzaniso, sipuni sirivha ine gilded, yakashongedzwa nemufananidzo wemhandara, mhandara a2 A. Michelsen, akaitwa muna 1916, mutengo weiyo madhora eaya anobva makumi mashanu kusvika makumi mashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu emadhora .

Mazambiringa emazambiriti esirivheri, akagadzirwa muXvii-XIIX mazana emakore, uye seti yeTafura sirivha kubva pamasirivha matanhatu ne85 neyekukudzwa - Kurema kweiyo seti ndeye kilogiramu kilogiramu, midziyo yese yakashongedzwa nemuridzi we monogram.

Sampuli uye zvitambi

Kuvapo kwemuenzaniso pane chero chigadzirwa chesirivheri chinotaura nezve kukosha kwayo uye kwakanaka. Kana iwe ukatendeukira kuhuwandu, chiratidzo chinoratidza kuti ndechipi chikamu chesirivheri chiri muzvigadzirwa. Semuyenzaniso, SAMPLE 925 zvinoreva kuti sirivheri yezvinyorwa hazvisi pasi pe92,5%, uye chikamu chezvakaraira zvinhu zvakaziviswa zvisingapfuurwe ne7,5%, mhangura kazhinji inoshandiswa.

Zvakateerana, Iyo inodhura zvakanyanya chipunu che999 samples: Zvichapotsa hazvina kusvibiswa, izvi zvigadzirwa zvinogara zvine sirivha sirivheri uye usasviba nekufamba kwenguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, sirivheri yakachena - iri simbi yepurasitiki. Mukufamba kweshandisirwo, zvipfeko zvakadaro zvakakombama, uye mushure memakore akati wandei, zvidimbu zvidiki zvakaumbwa pane zvavakaita uye chirongo, chipunu chakadaro chiri nyore kwazvo kutyora.

Spons yakagadzirwa nemusangano weSampule 925 ndiyo yakakwana musanganiswa weiyo shini simba uye hunhu hwesirivheri. Madhiri ezvimwe samples anochengetedza nhare, asi pavanoshandisa yero yero.

Kazhinji 925 sampuli sampuli yakafukidzwa neGilding kana enamel, kuitira kuti vanorereka vanokwezva uye ruvara rwakajeka.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kuti muFrance, sirivha cutlery 950 ne900 samples inogadzirwa.

Pamakatsiwa mazhinji esirivheri, iwo anozivikanwa seti huru. Chokwadi ndechekuti munyika dzese dziri mukati menguva ino pakanga paine hurongwa hwayo hwesirivheri. Semuenzaniso, kuGermany pamberi pa1988, pakanga paine kutenderera kwehurongwa hwakawanda hwekuenzanisira, uye muAmerica kusvika nhasi carar inoshandiswa. Pane zvishandiso zvekare, pane kazhinji 3-4 uye zvakatowanda zvitampu. Saka, nzvimbo dzeRussia dzinogadzirwa muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore yekupedzisira ine akawanda seashanu mavara:

• Dhijitari dhijitari inoratidza chikamu chesirivheri muzvipfuyo (kazhinji simbi 84, 88, pamwe chete nemasuru makumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu);
• gore rekuedza (semuenzaniso, 1854);
• Iyo tenzi chiratidzo chatenzi icho chakabatira chigadzirwa (chete mavambo awo aigaromerwa);
• Semuyenzi akaorerwa kweimba yetafura (semuenzaniso, kuMoscow akakunda Geory akakunda);
• Master Stigma, akagadzirwa nemushini.

Vintage Varidzi veEurope vaive nemabatiro avo ega. Nekudaro, pane zvigadzirwa zveChirungu Masters, shumba inogona kuonwa ne paw yakasimudzwa - ichi chiratidzo chekuti chipunu chakagadzirwa nesirivheri (925 samples), uye pane zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa kubva 1783 kusvika 1890 kusvika 1890 kusvika 1890 Kusanganisira, uyezve nekuisa zvitambi zvebasa, pamwe nekufunga kwemufananidzo wemambo anotonga.

Zvakanakira uye Zvakashata

Zvakanakira sirivheri zvinozivikanwa kubva panguva dzekare. Yakatendwa kuti mvura inosangana neiyi simbi inova kurapa kurapa kubva kune akawanda ane njodzi. Ndiro dzesimbi idzi dzakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumhando dzakasiyana siyana uye tsika dzechitendero, uye kubatsira kwesirivheri kwakawanikwa kusimbiswa mukutsvaga kwesainzi.

Iyo yakagadzwa kuti simbi ine kugona kuuraya hutachiona, uye iri sirivha chaiyo inoratidza maitiro ayo ebhavhu mune yakakura vhoriyamu. Kumutevera enda mhangura negoridhe. Kana iwe uine sirivheri sipuni, unogona kugara uchigadzira mvura yesirivheri. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unongoda kudzikisa iyo yakajairwa spoon mazviri uye kutsungirira pamhepo tembiricha nezvezuva.

Sirivheri ine kugona kuparadza anopfuura mazana manomwe emabhakiti, nepo Zvinoita mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu nemashanu ebasa recad, chlorine uye fungoni, kwete kubata hutachiona hunobatsira . Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mabhakitiriya haabudisi kurwisa sirivheri, saka, kunyangwe nekushandisa kwenguva refu, inokwanisika kushanda mukurwisa hutachiona hwePathogenic microflora.

Imwe mhando inoshanda yesirivheri ndeyekuti faniso yake inogona kusiyanisa masero ane hutano kubva kune varwere pakudziya kwemafungu akapomerwa, nekudaro achiisa nzvimbo dzakakanganisika pane hutano hwakakanganisika.

Izvi zvinhu uye zvakaita tsika yakakodzera yekuroverwa kweSilver Spoon "pameno" - iko kushandiswa kwemidziyo yekudyira kunokonzeresa kusarwadziwa kwemwana, kukura kwemwana, iyo Ionic trans simbi ine kukura uku ine kukura Wokutora mabhakitiriya, mavairasi uye zvimwewo zvinokuvadza zvechisimba zvinogara mune zvekudya, emuromo wemuromo uye dumbu revanhu.

Panguva imwe chete, sirivheri ine zvipingamupinyi zvaro.

• Kana uchibata zvigadzirwa zvenyama nemakumbo, sirivheri inotanga kusviba, saka inoda kugara uchitarisirwa;
• Nekuda kwekuwedzera kuitwa nevechiita, sirivheri inokurumidza kutsvaira, semuenzaniso, yakasara mugirazi rine spoon yemvura inovata mumasekondi anova kupisa kwakadaro kuti hazvigone kuiswa musango;
• Sirivheri Low Low inonyanyo kusasimba uye nekutenderera kwekutarisira kunotanga kutyora;
• Sirl cutlery pakushandiswa kazhinji inoshandiswa inotetepa uye ichave ichikanganiswa nemakaneti mhedzisiro.

Kuongorora zvakanakira uye zvakashata zvevarimi sirivha, iwe unogona kuita mhedzisiro iri pachena - kutenga sirivheri zvigadzirwa nechinangwa chekushandiswa kwekushandiswa kazhinji hakuna kukodzera. Zviri nani kuti utore sirivheri yetafura mumatare akasarudzika uye panguva yemhuri hombe yemhuri.

Kusiyana sei kubva kune melchior zvishandiso?

Sirivheri inowanzovhiringidzwa nemelchior. Ehezve, kana iwe ukatenga chinhu muchitoro, zvinhu zvese zvakajeka, asi kana iwe ukabayira zvinhu zvasvika panhaka sirivheri, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kana unomiririra chero kukosha. Melchior akaona zvakanyanya kuoma kusiyanisa kubva sirivheri kumba, asi kana iwe uchinamatira kune mamwe mararamiro, saka basa rako rakarerutswa zvakanyanya.

• Nyatsotarisa pane sampuli. Kana iwe uri chipunu kubva kuMelchior, ipapo pairi iwe uchaona kupfupika kweiyo mtc, yakakwenenzverwa semhangura, nickel uye zinc - ndiyo mitezo iyi ndiyo zvinhu zvikuru zveiyo alloy. Silir sofuni inomira zvakanyanya muenzaniso unosanganisira manhamba akati wandei.
• Bata chipunu mumvura nezvezuva. Chigadzirwa kubva sirivheri hazvichinje izvo zvisikwa zvacho, apo Melchior achazotanga oxidize uye kuwana mimvuri yakasviba yakasviba.
• Kana iwe uine penzura yakarongedzwa ruoko, iwe unogona kuvashandisa: ingoita pamusoro - Sirivheri icharamba isina kuchinjika, pane iyo Melkior nzvimbo iwe unozoona nzvimbo yerima.
• Edza kuongorora nzvimbo dzakawanda, dziisa pachiyero - Sirivheri inofanira kurema kupfuura melchior.
• Kana iwe ukatenga chigadzirwa, funga nezve mutengo wake . Kana iwe ukapihwa sirivheri pamutengo wakaderera, ichi chikonzero chakanaka chekufunga nezvazvo - zvinokwanisika kuti uri kuedza kunyengera.
• Isa yako pfungwa yekunhuhwirira, melchior inogona kutsanangurwa nekunhuhwirira kwemhangura. Kuti anyanye aroma awedzere kutaurwa, chipunu ari nani kurasikirwa zvishoma.
• Shandisa iyo yakajairika iodine: Drip zvishoma pane chipunu uye tora zuva rakajeka - Iyo yakasviba banga inofanira kuoneka pane sirivheri chigadzirwa. Nekudaro, nzira iyi ine iyo dhizaini: Iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa simba rakawanda kuti uchenese chipunu chako.
• Panzvimbo yeIodine, unogona kushandisa chrompik. Sirivheri inofanira kupa maitiro matsvuku, uye yakakwira muenzaniso, iyo yemumvuri wakawanda.

Usakanganwa kuti mumakore apfuura, Melchior aigarowa zvakanyanya kugadzirwa kwekucheka, uye kana uine chigadzirwa pasina sampuli, inonyanya kuitwa kubva kuMNC uye yakafukidzwa nesirivheri yesirivheri.

Pasinei nenyaya yekuti imwe neimwe yenzira dzakanyorwa dzinoenderana nevashandi, mumamiriro ezvinhu epamba kusiyanisa sirivheri kubva kuMelchior yakaoma kwazvo. Kana iwe uchida 100% chivimbo, zvine musoro kutendeukira kune nyanzvi yezvinonyora, vadzorere kana antiques - ivo vanozozvidza chete nezvekuumbwa kwechigadzirwa chesimbi, asi zvakare batsira kuziva zuva rayo rekugadzira uye mutengo.

Varietsies

Spaons mazuva anowanikwa mune yakanyanya kuwanda - ivo vanogona kuve neimwe nzira, mumvuri, saizi dzakasiyana uye chinangwa.

Mhando huru dzezvipfeko zvinosanganisira 4 sarudzo.

• Canteen. Midziyo iyi inochinjika kushandisa mvura pordorges uye yekutanga ndiro kubva mundiro yakakwira, pamwe nekuparadzira salads uye zvimwe zvekudya. MuRussia, vhoriyamu yayo inenge 18 ml.
• Dessert . Iyo kifaa inoshandiswa kune inotapira ndiro uye kubheka inopihwa mumapuranga madiki, pamwe nemakapu akadzika emabhuru uye soups. Saizi yayo ndeye 10 ml.
• Tii. Chinangwa chayo ndechokusanganisa shuga muTile girazi, mukuwedzera, inowanzoshandiswa kune vanochema. Vhoriyamu yeiyo yakadaro chipunu ndeye 5 ml.
• Kofi. Iyi spoon ndeye 2 times isingasviki tii, vhoriyamu yayo inoenderana na2,45 ml uye inoshandiswa yakazara nemikombe yekofi.

Isu tinoburitsa zvakare zvinyoro zvebetsero.

• Bar. Icho chinhu chine chigaro chakareba chigaro, pakupera uko bhora diki rinowanikwa. Izvo zvakakodzera kugadzirira kwesimba dzakasiyana siyana uye cocktails inosanganisira zvikamu zvinoverengeka.
• Bouillon. Pachayo yakatambanudzwa ingave yakatenderedzwa, nepo zvakadzama, inoshandiswa kumidziyo yemvura.
• Plug . Iyo inoshandiswa kune iyo spill yekupisa uye kuisa yechipiri ndiro pamapurisa.
• Kurira . Inosiyana muhudiki madiki uye nemhino.
• Spoon yeBisinther. Kwaanoenda kunowedzera shuga kune ichi chakasimba doro.
• Kufungidzirwa. Yaishandiswa kurara jam, jamu uye kusvetuka kubva kune yakagovaniswa ndiro kana makatuni mune madiki madiki emunhu.
• Spoon yembatatisi. Zvionekeni, akafanana nema tubers nechimwe chinhu. Pamativi ese maviri pane anonzi "nenzeve" - ​​ivo vanodzivirira kudonha kweiyo kupisa kwakabikwa kana mbatatisi dzakabikwa kana kuyambuka mumapuranga.
• Chipunu chezvinonhuwira. Chinangwa chayo chakajeka kubva muzita. Iyo inowanzove ine saizi yemuchinjiki uye inowana yakakwana nemwaka wekumira.

Pamusoro pemamiriro ese ari pamusoro apa, iwe unogona kuwana zvipoko zveOysters, nekuda kwemakrimu, makenduru, pamwe nekavheni nevamwe vazhinji.

Kurudziro yekusarudza

Hutano hwevanhu, kunyanya nhengo yemhuri diki, inonyanya kukosha, nekuti kana ichitenga chipunu chesirivheri inofanira kuterera zvakanyanya. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti uvape supuni chete seSouvenir - ichave yakakwana zvakakwana kushongedzwa kwakanaka, Asi kana iwe ukafunga kupa chipo chinozoshandiswa pakutevera kudyisa, wozoda chitupa chenyasha uye hutsanana kubva kumutengesi.

Paunenge uchishandisa chipunu, iwe haufanirwe kuve nekufungidzira zvishoma kuti chigadzirwa chinoratidzwa nemhando yepamusoro uye kushanda. . Iyo yechokwadi yechitupa ndiyo humbowo hukuru hwekuti kushandiswa kweiyo tafura yekuisa yepafura hakunyanisi hupenyu hwemwana. Gwaro iri rinosimbisa zvakare kuti chigadzirwa chakagadzirwa neyakawirirana neushamwari hwehukama uchishandisa maitiro akaenzana ehunyanzvi.

Chero ipi neipi yepamusoro-mhando software inofanirwa kutevedzera iyo inotevera maitiro:

• Iva nemipumburu yeakakomberedzwa chimiro, pasina chero chipipu uye marudzi ese eJar, chinowanzo tungamira kukuvara kumuromo wemuromo nemutauro wembiya;
• Kubata kunofanirwa kuve nyore kana zvichibvira, zvinodikanwa kuti kumucheto kwaive nezvo zvimwe zvisina kujairika, ivo vanozobvumira chigunwe chekuita zvakabatikana zvakanyanya;
• Ukuru hwechipuni hunofanirwa kupindura zvizere kune zvinorehwa nezera uye kukura kwemwana;
• Metal inofanira kunge iri yepamusoro yepamusoro.

Kuti zvive zvavo zvekunyepedzera sekureba sezvazvinogona kusava neyakaoma, ivo vanowanzofukidzwa nesirivha yakachena 999 samples. Saizvozvo, kutaridzika kunoshamisa kwezvigadzirwa zvinochengetedzwa pasina rusaruro kune izvo zvinobatsira zvivakwa zvesimbi.

Nekudaro, hazvisi zvese zvifukidzo zvinobatsira kunge sirivheri. Semuenzaniso, kugomera kweSilver kunodhura zvakanyanya uye zvinobudirira, asi nekuda kwayo, zvese zvinobatsira zvesirivha pachayo chakarasika.

Dzimwe nguva kupa yakakura glitter simbi. Iyi isimbi yakanaka iyo inokwanisa kuchengetedza cutlery kubva pamhedzisiro yemakemikari mhinduro uye manhamba kukuvara. Sirivheri ine kujaira kwakafanana inotaridzika zvakanaka, uye inoita simbi kunyanya inopesana nekuora. RHodhium sirivha kwenguva yakareba inochengetera nzvimbo dzekushongedza yesimbi, zvisinei, rufu rwehutachiona rwehutachiona rwemabhakitiriya panguva yekuonana nevanhu vese hazviitike.

Mamwe masango esirivheri akafukidzwa nehurema - Kucheka kwakadaro hakushandiswe maererano nechinangwa chavo chakananga, vanoita chete zvekushongedza uye souventics mabasa. Iyo varnish inoiswa pane sirivheri chete kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti inovimbiswa kuti ichengetedzeka kwenguva refu, kuunganidzwa kwaro kunogona kuchengetedzwa nesirivheri, kunodzivirira oxidation kwayo uye kutaridzika kwePatina, asi kana uchipindirana nezvinhu zvekudya, zvinhu zvine chepfu.

Zvigadzirwa zveSouvenir zvinosanganisirawo Zvipfeko zvesirivha, sirivha mobile cooting. Rudzi urwu rwejasi runotaridzika runotaridzika, asi haritenderi sirivheri kunyatsoratidza zvivakwa zvavo zvekuporesa.

Mhando dzose dzezvekutara, kunze kwesirivheri ye999 samples, zvakanyanya kuderedza kupora kwesimbi, kudzivirira kuputika kwesion mune chikafu, uye zvese izvi zvinoita kuti culery isingabatsiri kubva pakurapa maonero ekurapa.

Kana vari kugadzirwa, mumakore achangopfuura, mumakore achangopfuura, mazita acho ane mazita anowanzopihwa, zvishandiso neyechirume ngirozi kana chiratidzo che zodiac.

Pakuonekwa kwavo, zvipuni zvemwana, nekuti varume nevakadzi vakasiyana.

Kuchengetwa uye kutarisira

Mazuva ano, kusarudzwa kwenzira dzekuchengetedza sirivha zvigadzirwa zvakanaka - iwe unogona kugara uchiwana mushonga wakakodzera mune chero hupfumi kana zvishongo zvechisimba, Asi tsika dzakakurumbira dzemuvanhu dzinozivikanwa dzaishandiswa nasekuru vedu uye vazukuru.

• Sirivha yakanaka kwazvo sirivheri inodaidzira Ammonia doro. Kuti uite izvi, ndezvekungogona kupfuudza izvo zveawa mune imwe nguva doro rakavhenganiswa nemvura muchikamu che1 kusvika ku10 kusvika pa110 kana iwe usina mhinduro yeAmoni, iyo mabara uye kutanga chigadzirwa chakanyanya sezvinobvira, kusvika pakunyangarika kwakakwana kwemavara. Ramba uchifunga kuti iyo tafura sirivha ine dema nenzira iyi haina kukurudzirwa.
• Kuti udzokere sirivha brilliance, kugadziridzwa kwembatatisi kwakaratidza zvakanaka. Kuti ubvise kusviba, iwe unofanirwa kuisa software sirivheri mazviri yekota yeawa, uye kare mushure menguva pfupi pfupi iyi chishandiso chichaita kunge chitsva.
• Nyatsochenesa sirivha citric acid. Isa spoon mumhinduro yayo yakamanikidzwa kwemaminitsi mashoma, uye munguva pfupi inotevera ichavhenekera nekutonhora kunotonhora.
• Sil Sil Silon inogona kucheneswa nefodya fodya. Kuti uite izvi, iwe unofanirwa kusanganisa nemvura, bika mune zvinokonzerwa nespolog kuumbwa, mushure mekunge cutlery inoda kupukuta zvakanaka. Neimwe nzira, iwe unogona kusanganisa madota nemarimu, uye kune iyi kuumbwa kubata chigadzirwa.
• Mhedzisiro yakanaka inopa soda yezvikafu, kunyanya kana kurambana kukuru kukaonekwa pane chipunu. Kutevedzana kwezviito pano kuri nyore - iwe unongoda kutora napkin yakanyorova, svetuka kunze kweiyo svutugadzike uye kupukuta nzvimbo dzekuzvisarudzira kusvikira vanyangarika zvachose.

Kana iwe usina chero chimwe chezviri pamusoro, iwe unogona kutora mukana wezvegungano akajairwa. Izvo zvakangodiwa kuti uzvishandise pajira nyoro, uye nyatso pukuta chipunu.

Nezve maitiro ekuchenesa (Melchior, sirivheri, simbi isina tsvina) uye mamwe madhiri, tarisa muvhidhiyo iri pazasi.