Unyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinonhuwirira zvakatanga munyika yekare uye aigara aine ruzivo rwakabatana nenhoroondo yevanhu. Nerubatsiro rwezvinhu zvinonyadzisa, kwete chete kukwezva kutariswa, asi zvakare vaibata vanhu, uye vakatotaurirana nenyika yezvinonhuwira. Ndokusaka zvichinakidza kusava nechokwadi kudzidza nhoroondo yezvinonhuwira.
Kutaridzika kwekutanga
Nzvimbo chaiyo yezvinyorwa zvinonhuwirira hazvizivikanwe, asi zvinotendwa kuti maIjipita vekare akatanga kusanganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvechiremera makore zviuru zvishanu apfuura. Ehe, izvo zvavakasika, zvishoma zvakafanana midzimu yanhasi. Zvinonhuwira zvinonhuwira izvo vaIjipita vekare vaishandiswa kunakidzwa nezvivakwa, kusikwa kwezvinodhaka uye zvekutanga zvekushanduka. Yakasarudzika musanganiswa wechisikigo yaishandiswa izvi.
Iyo yekutanga mafuta mune yekare egypt yakagadzirwa pamafuta. Kuti uzive waunofarira kuwedzera mandimu, mint, anoka uye rosemary pachigadziko. Vanhuwo zvavo vaigutsikana ned-theme, mweya uye dunhu reCastor sohwaro. Iyo yekutanga inonhuhwirira mvura munyika yakanzi Kyphi (Keefi). Yakagadzira kubva pane mashanu makuru zvikamu:
Mirra;
huchi;
saffron;
mhosva;
Juniper Berries.
Zvinonhuwira zvekutanga zvakachengetwa mumidziyo inyasha yakafukidzwa nemarwadzo ebhizari. Mabhodhoro akadaro angada kunyange vateresi vemazuva ano.
Zvinhu zvinosiririsa munyika dzakadai seIjipita rekare neMesopotamia muhuwandu hukuru. Ivo vaishawa kwete mushonga uye zvigadzirwa, asi newaini uye chikafu. Uye zvakare, mafuta anonhuhwirira akashandiswa kupukuta uye massage. Zvakatsanangurwa, zvakakodzera kutaura kuti tsika ishandise mapiramidhi ezvinonhuwira kuti ashongedze bvudzi. Ivo vakagadzirwa kubva pamafuta uye mumhepo inopisa Egypt zvishoma nezvishoma yakanyungudutswa. Saka, kunhuhwirira kwakaramba kuri paganda mukati mezuva rese.
Kuda kwakakosha kune akasiyana-siyana anonhuwirira mishonga yaive yakakurumbira Nefertiti . Akazvidza kutora jasmine yekugezera uye shandisa akasiyana-siyana emuviri ekuchengeta mafuta. Zvakafanana zvinogona kutaurwa nezve Cleopatra . Mambokadzi weIjipita aishandisa zvinonhuwira nezvinonhuwira uye zvakarongedzwa zvimiti zvekusarudzwa kwevateveri vavo vazhinji. Iyo yaunofarira flavo yemukadzi yaive yeIndia Narre. Uyezve, aigara achishandisa Ladan naMiran, avo vakapiwa Egypt kubva kuChina, Persia neArabia. Taura nyaya dzekuti rimwe zuva, dzichaenda kumusangano waNork unthony, mukadzi akarayira kuti aenderere mberi kwechikepe chechikepe, chaakafamba nechikepe, kuti fani kubva kure nekunhuhwirira kwazarairwa.
Varanda vevaIjipita vakatora tsika kuti vashandise zvinoshamisa musanganiswa . Saka, mubhaibheri kanopfuura kamwe chete kutaurwa sevakadzi vechiJudha vakashandisa kunyengedza varume. Semuenzaniso, Judith nokudaro inonakidzwa naOloferena, naRuth - Vop.
Kuzvibata kwevaIjipita vekare vaive vanobatsira uye vaGiriki. Iyo yekupedzisira yakavashandisa muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye panguva dzakasiyana siyana tsika dzechitendero. Anonhuwirira musanganiswa waishandiswa nekuda kwehunhu hwehurume.
MuGreek yekare, zvaitendwa kuti zvinonhuwira zvevanhu vakagamuchira chipo kubva kuna vamwari.
Kunhuhwirira kushandiswa kwaishandiswa mumatanda emariro. Vasina AND muGuva vakamanikidzwa nekupenya pamwe neincenses. Kuonekwa kwemidziyo kazhinji kwaitsamira pane hupfumi hwevanhu uye airatidza zvaakabva.
Sezvazviri muIjipita yekare, kuGreek, kutarisirwa kwakawanda kwakabhadharwa pakuonekwa kwemidziyo. Ivo vaive vakapendwa, vachishongedza mifananidzo yezvibodzwa zvekuvhima, mitambo uye zvichingodaro. Izvo zvakabhururuka zvakambobatanidzwa kune imwe isina kujairika fomu. Dzimwe dzengarava idzi dzinogona kuoneka pakati pekuwadziswa kwekuchera matongo.
MuRoma yekare, zvinonhuhwira zvakanakawo zvakakurumbira. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti Kesari aipesana nekushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvekunze, kutengesa zvinhu zvakabikwa nemidzimu nenyika dzakadai saAfrica, Arabia neIndia, akatsigira. NdiVaRoma vakava vaRoma vakava vatange vegaradzo. Ivo vakanyatsodzidza kukanganiswa kwevakashata kurira mumamiriro emunhu. Varoma vakaunzwawo mukushandisa mabhodhoro egirazi. Uyo akanyatsogadzira kushandiswa kwavo hakuzivikanwe.
Nhoroondo Yekusimudzira
Mushure mekudonha kweHurumende yeRoma, kukura kwezvinonhuwira kwakadzikira.Middle Ages
Panguva iyoyo, kana muEurope, kushandiswa kwemisungo inonhuhwirira kwakarambidzwa, nyika yeIslam yakakurudzira kukura kwezvinonhuwira. Yakanga iripo iyo art yekukanganisa yakavandudzwa. Mukuwedzera, ivo vakakwanisawo kuchengetedza zvakavanzika zvese zvevakuru vekare veGreek uye vekare vechiGiriki.
MuCentine century yezana, hunyanzvi hwezvinonhuhwirira hwakadzoka kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumaguta eEuropean. Panguva ino, masangano mazhinji ezvidzidzo akatanga kuvhura muEurope, kwavakadzidza kusanganisira izvo zvekutanga zveAlchemy. Mukurumbira weiyo perfume capital yakawana venice. Chokwadi ndechekuti chakabatana nenyika dzakawanda dzeMabvazuva nenzira dzekutengeserana. Ndokusaka pakanga paine zviono zvakaringana uye nemafuta ayo anonhuwirira emunharaunda akashandiswa kugadzira flavour uye kuvandudzwa kwekare.
Shanduko chaiyo iri munyika yezvinangwa zvakaitika mushure mekunge doro raigadzirwa muItari. Zvigadzirwa zvezvinangwa panguva ino zvakatanga kugadzirwa padoro. Asi kunhuhwirira kwakanaka muchimiro icho vanhu vaimbovaona ivo zvino vakatanga kuburitsa kuswededza pedyo neiyo Xiiii century. Zvinonhuwira zvekutanga zvakava mukurumbira pasi rese zvakagadzirirwa mambokadzi weHungary. Zvinoenderana nengano, yakanga yashandisa yavaigona kuti ave mukadzi waMambo wePoland.
Epoch yekujekeswa
MuCentine yeCentine, kukura kwezvinonhuwira kwakaitika pakakwirisa kumhanya. Panguva ino, vakatanga kushingairira kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaringana:
hupfu uye zvimwe zvinorehwa;
Paskni yekufema;
Aromatizers kune magurovhosi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zveganda.
Panguva imwecheteyo anoshingairira kuita zvisikwa zvemabhodhoro. Midziyo yemidzimu yakashongedzwa nematombo anokosha, yakagadzirwa kubva mumakurukota akakosha . MuEurope, yekutanga yakakurudzirwa spilling perfume mune yakanaka vials pernoume francois kochi. Kubva ipapo, midziyo yacho yakatanga kuunganidza. Kubuda kwekufarira kwakadaro mumabhodhoro akanaka kwakatungamira kuchokwadi kuti kunyange majee ane goukita akatanga kuita basa rekusikwa.
Pakati peino nguva, zvinoshamisa zvinoshamisa uye vhiniga chimbuzi vaishandiswa zvisina kujairika. Vakashanda kurwisa hutachiona hwakasiyana siyana.
Muenzaniso wakajeka - "vhiniga yemakororo mana . Iyo inonhuwirira musanganiswa yakawanikwa zita rekutanga rakadaro nekuda kweizvozvo zvaishandiswa nevarume vana, izvo panguva yedendere yedendere mu marseille yakabiwa kumba. Vakakwanisa kurarama uye vasina kana kutapukirwa. Kuponeswa kwembavha inozivikanwa kune vhiniga yechimbuzi. Yechibharo cheichi chigadzirwa, ivo vanoregerera. Ipapo hapana munhu anonzwisisa kuti chii chimwe chete, asi masayendisiti emazuva ano akatsanangura chiitiko ichi neizvokuti kunhuwa kwakapinza kwevatongi vakatora vatakuri vehutachiona - zvipembenene.
Nguva itsva
MuXix yezana ramakore, sainzi yemazuva ano yakatanga kukudziridza kushingairira, kusanganisira Chemistry. Yakanga iri panguva ino yavakadzidza maitiro ekugadzira zvinonhuwira zvazvino. Mukuwedzera, panguva imwe chete iyoyo kusanganisa kwemazuva ano kwezvinonhuwira kwakavhurwa.
Munguva yekutonga kwaNapoleon, mweya yakanga yakakura. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvakapinza uye zvakazara flavars. Uyezve, maFrench akazvidurura pachavo mune yakakura. Saka, vanoti mubuodo wemudiwa naNapoleon Josephine Groin nemakore makumi manomwe mushure mekufa kwake.
Mafekitori makuru ekutanga ayo maFrench anonhuwirira akagadzirwa, akaonekwa muuswa. Iri guta pane imwe nguva yaive chaiyo mecca yezvinonhuwira. Panguva ino, pakanga paine vazhinji vane tarenda vaine tarenda muFrance. Pakati pavo pakanga pana vanyori veLumen, Pierre naLantale, vane mazita aivazikamwa mundiro nyika.
Muchizariki yeXix zvakare yakaonekwa Perfume basa. Ipapo kugadzirwa kwemabhodhoro emazuva ano kweinonhuwa kwakatanga. Muna 1870, Bria-Savaarer Frenchman akagadzira iyo pulvizer, uye zvinonhuwira zvaive nyore kushandisa kupfuura kare.
Muna 1900, apo hunyanzvi hwekusakwana hwakanga hwatogadziridzwa munyika zhinji, kuratidzwa kwenyika kwemidzimu kwakavhurwa muParis. Kuti vamirire kupesana nemamiriro ekukwikwidza, vagadziri vanokwezva nekushongedza ngarava kune avo vanonhuhwirira vane mukurumbira glaziers uye maartist. Kushongedza kwemabhodhoro kwaiita marudzi akadai selfonse kubhururuka nehector gimar.
Iwo midzimu ivo pachavo vakatanga kuita zvimwe zvakawanda muwanda. Zvinonhuwira zvakatanga kusanganisa zviyero uye zvakasikwa zvikamu. Yakakurumbira yakamboroverwa flavars yaive yakajeka zvishoma nezvishoma uye inonakidza.
Mushure mekuvhurwa kweAldehydes muna 1921, kugadzirwa kwemweya kwakadhura. Naizvozvo, mitengo yezvigadzirwa kubva kune yakakurumbira zvinonhuhwirira yakawa. Panguva ino yakatanga kuburitsa runyerekupe rweimwe mamiriro ekunze uye nguva yezuva. "Nguva yechando" mafuta ezvinonhuwira yakatanga kuita zvinonhuwirira uye nekuguta, uye "zhizha" - nyowani nemapapu.
Makumi matanhatu ezana reXX centraz yezana raive zuva rekunhuwa kwezvinonhuwira zvevarume. Uye mumusika 70s musika wakatapwa maAmerican. Mushure menguva pfupi, Japan yakauya kumusika. Panguva ino, manyoro matsva egirini akatanga kuzivikanwa.
Kutanga kubva kuma80s zvinonhuhwirira zvakavandudzwa mukukurumidza kumhanya. Musika wacho waipatsanurwa pakati peAmerican vagadziri vechiFrench. Zvinotendwa kuti zvinonhuhwirira izvo zvakagadzirwa muUnited States vane nyore uye vakakodzera kumisangano yebhizinesi. Vakasimba, uye kunhuhwirira kwavo hakuchinje mukati mezuva. Asi flavours flavours yakanatswa uye inoratidzira paganda zvishoma nezvishoma. Naizvozvo, ivo vakakodzera mazuva nemanheru.
Perfumy izvozvi
Iye zvino matsva matsva anoonekwa pamusika anenge mazuva ese. Fungidzira kuti unakirwe nemaperembudzi zvinonhuwira uye niche zvinonhuwira. Mukuwedzera, zvaanofarira kune mafani ezvinonhuhwirira haasi chete zvigadzirwa zvitsva, asiwo vintage collecent fungidziro.
Iko kusarudzwa kwezvinonhuwira izvozvi kunoenderana chete pane zvaunoda. Uye sarudza, nerombo rakanaka, pane chii kubva pane izvo. Mushure mezvose, zvemitambo yemazuva ano vanogona kuita zvinonhuwira ne chero chinonhuwira, chinozvidzora kubva pazvinhu zvechigadzirwa.
Naizvozvo, hapana kungonzwisisika chete kana maruva anonhuwirira, asi zvinonhuhwirira nezvenhuwa zvepepa, fodya uye kunyange mari.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Zvakawanda zvechokwadi zvinonakidza uye ngano dzakabatana nenhoroondo yezvinonhuwira.
MuRussia yekare, midzimu haina kushandisa. Asi vasati vaenda kuBhati, vamwe vanhu vakaburitsa muviri wavo nemaronda uye mafuta anonhuhwirira. Vakanyura muganda rakatsvuka, uye kunhuhwirira kwakaramba kwenguva refu.
Pfungwa dzinodhura kwazvo munyika - Clive Christian? S imperial Hondo. Uye iyo inonyanya kufarirwa ndiye akakurumbira Chanel nhamba 5. Yakanga iri pombi yemidzimu iyi iyo iyo yakashongedzwa chiratidzo chechikepe chechikepe chakavezwa kekutanga.
Mutengo wemidzimu unotsamira zvakanyanya pakuti huwandu hwezvishandiswa zvakashandiswa sei kana uchigadzira. Huwandu hwehuwandu hwavo hunogona kusvika 300. Saka, mune imwe chete Perfume chanel nhamba 5 kune makumi masere ezviuru.
Zvidimbu zvinodhura zvezvinonhuwira zviripo neIris uye Rose Oiri. Saka, mutengo weIris pamusika unosvika zviuru makumi mana emadhora pa kg. Mutengo wemutengo wemafuta ane madhora zviuru zvishanu pa kg. Izvo zvinoruramisa nenyaya yekuti maruva anounganidzwa uye anochinjika nemaoko. Uye kuti uwane kilogiramu yeoiri yakakosha, iwe unoda dzinenge zviuru zvishanu kg ye petals.
Iyo yakakurumbira yeSoviet midzimu "tsvuku moscow". Asi zvishoma anoziva kuti iyi haisi yekutanga mafuta, asi iyo replica ye "midzimu yaunofarira yeMashrita" yakagadzirirwa yeRourova French perfunganyattattom michuer.
Zvinonhuhwirira kunetsekana uye zvakanaka, uye zvakaipa nguva. Neraki, kunyangwe zvese zvakaoma, vanhu vakakwanisa kugadzira huwandu hwakakura hwevanhu vakasiyana siyana vava kuwanikwa kune vese vakadzi nevarume.