Muna chishongo bhora, nyanzvi kazhinji kushandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti kushandura chitarisiko uye mumuviri maitiro zvigadzirwa. Sirivha nendarama anoshandiswa kwete chete kugadzirwa zvishongo, asiwo chokubata zvigadzirwa kubva simbi dzakasiyana-siyana. Pamwe chete gilding, iri kudiwa uye chirongwa silvering, funga izvozvo zvikuru nokugadzwa uye nzira.
Chii chazviri?
Zvirwere zviri rinokosha chichiitwa, panguva iyo zvinhu zviri zvinenge zvakazara nhete rukoko chiedza simbi. Processing nyaya yaigadzirwa alloys chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakasiyana-siyana. pfungwa iyi iri kudiwa akafanana Newbies uye ruzivo zvishongo vanatenzi. Musimboti Sirivha kuti dzikurukure decoration uye mumuviri zvivako zviri chigadzirwa.
The bemhapemha ane mamwe rukoko yekudyidzana anovandudza chitarisiko yacho, chipenye Kupenya anodzoka, zviparare bindepinde, kushongedzwa anowana anokwezva mumvuri. A Zvinonzi zvakare zviripo anoteerera passivation of simbi - iri muitiro panguva iyo simbi pamusoro unopinda kungotarisa mamiriro. Somugumisiro kuchinja kwakadaro, chicherwa rinova invulnerable kuti ngura uye dzimwe inokanganisa chikamu kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kubudiswa zvinhu zvinokosha kunogona kuitwa pasina nokugadzirira chaiwo zvishandiso zvinhu (nemakemikari nziyo, sirivha uye zvimwe zvinhu).
Chinangwa
Sezvatotaurwa, sirivha rinoitwa kwete murabhoritari, asi kumba. The chikuru ndechokuti danho nedanho kwacho uye zvinoenderana nekuchengetedzwa mitemo. Chinangwa chikuru sirivha iri kuvandudzika pamusoro aesthetic unhu uye kudzivirirwa chigadzirwa kubva kukuvara. Kazhinji, zvinotevera nesimbi akafukidzwa nhete rukoko yesirivha:
- nendarira;
- mhangura;
- Aluminium;
- simbi;
- nickel;
- Silver (Vintage zvemaoresa pamusoro nguva anopera, uye kuwana yero mumvuri, achibatsirwa kubudiswa, vachatanga zvakare achifarira meso).
Tsika processing kwete chete zvishongo, asiwo Forogo, Banga Nechipunu kwakapararira. Mutengo nevamwe seti rinosvika mamiriyoni akawanda rubles. Kuti tirambe chinhu chinokosha chimiro, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti nguva nenguva kavha zvinhu ane mutete rukoko chiedza simbi.
Pfungwa silvering pasi zvokuvakisa akadai:
- ceramics;
- mupurasitiki chikweshe;
- nokuaina;
- Glass (ichi haisi chete pamusoro processing nezvionioni, asi kutakura decoration zvikamu girazi pechiso).
Kana zvose zviri pachena pamwe kuona basa nzira, zvinokosha kufunga rinoshanda divi. Silver ane zvinotevera unhu:
- Electric kondakita;
- High kuramba oxidation uye ngura;
- Kuratidzwa kwakanakisa uye kufambisa.
Nzira dzesirivheri
Pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa zvezvigadzirwa zvekugadzirisa, nekushandisa sirivheri sirivheri pavari. Iyi sevhisi inonyanya kufarirwa mumabasa jekereke, kwainonziwo - oxidation. Maitiro aya anoiswa pasi pezvishongo uye zvigadzirwa kubva kune mamwe metals. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvemakemikari zvinodikanwa kuti ugadziriswe kwemhinduro uye pastes, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kunge zvakagadzirirwa:
- dense magurovhosi;
- mbatya dzebasa;
- Rag mune huwandu hwezvidimbu zvakati;
- fan (kana mukamuri iri riripfu richaitwa sirivheri, hapana kutya kwakakwana);
- Iyo pulmizizer yakapusa kupusa fananidzo iri nyore kuchenesa nzvimbo dzakaoma-kusvika pazvinhu zvakasiyana siyana nezvishongo.
Galanic
Iyi nzira inopa electrochemical mhedzisiro pane chigadzirwa kana pamusoro chinoda kuongororwa. Chinhu chikuru chenzira iyi ndechekuti iyo inokosha simbi mamorekuru inogadziriswa neyakaenzana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, zvinhu zvinowana nzira yekristaro. Iko kuendesa kunoitwa uchishandisa dunhu redunhu remagetsi.
Kuita basa, iwe uchazoda zvinotevera:
- mudziyo umo chigadzirwa chiri kugadzirwa chinogona kunyudzwa; Inofanira kunge iri mapurasitiki kana girazi;
- Electrolyte (yekuzadza tangi);
- Panguva yebasa, izvo zvigadzirwa zvinoda kugadziriswa, saka vanobata vanodiwa;
- sosi yazvino;
- Sirivheri inoshandiswa pakushandisa.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa anoitika seanotevera:
- Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakabatana kune isina kunaka muripo;
- Kune iyo yakanaka kubhadharisa iwe unofanirwa kubatanidza nyaya, izvo zvemakemikari zvinhu zvinoenda kune imwe nyaya;
- Pasi pesimba remagetsi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi pamusoro pechigadzirwa chakagadziriswa, iyo sirivheri molecule ichatanga, mhedzisiro yacho yakavimbika danda rine ruzha runofadza.
Makemikari
Mune ino kesi, iwe unofanirwa kugadzirira mhinduro kubva kune dzinokosha reagents. Paunenge uchiwirirana nedzimwe simbi, ivo vanogadzira chena yakakosha simbi mamorekuru. Ivo vachashanda seyakagadzirwa zvinhu zvekuwedzera kufukidzwa. Kuita basa racho, zvichave zvakafanira kuti unoda antihlor muhuwandu hwe1 litre. Uye ane anozivikanwa anonzi - sodium siosulfate. Usaite pasina zvikamu zvinotevera:
- Dhawa Zhizha (Ammonia Solution) - Madonhwe 5-6;
- Formalin - fungidziro vhoriyamu kubva pamatanhatu kusvika gumi madonhwe.
Sirivheri pamba inoitwa seinotevera:
- Chikamu chikuru chinodururwa nedoro, chengeta izvi zviyero;
- Chinhu chakasarudzwa kuti chigadziriswe chakanyatsogadzirirwa; Inofanira nokungwarira kucheneswa, achiisa ari pasoda mhinduro uye remota;
- Mushure mekushambidza nemvura;
- Isa chigadzirwa chiri mumvura kubva kumakemikari, siya kwemaawa maviri;
- Mushure nguva, nyaya iri kumboshamba uye akasiyiwa kuti dziome.
kushandisa Pasta
Kugadzirira zvakafanira fuma kumba, unofanira kugadzirira chaiwo makemikari. The kugadzira nzira anosarudzwa zvichienderana simbi akafukidzwa nesirivha. Funga nzira muenzaniso mhangura. List pamusoro zvakafanira reagents:
- kwakadonhera mvura;
- Potassium chloride (vava munyu) - 8 magiramu;
- Wine ibwe - 8 magiramu;
- Silver chloride - 6 magiramu.
The nzira rinoitwa sezvinotevera:
- The chiwanikwa kushandiswa anofanira kucheneswa kubva ngura kana ichiwanika;
- Chemicals Vanopwanyirwa uye akamutsa kusvikira nefuma inotengwa iri muchimiro gel kana Pasta;
- The chinhu mhangura rwunokwanisa kufukidzwa zvichiguma nziyo; Basa, nomucheka (dhende) rinoshandiswa;
- The namatidza iri musi pemvura pamberi paumbwe imwe yesirivha layer uye pashure Flushing uye makorari anoenda.
Note: Kuti ikwanise kusimbisa mugumisiro, unogona kushandisa glossymer - iri sezvamunoita kuti inogona kutengwa mune unyanzvi chitoro.
bemhapemha nitrate
Muchiitiko chino, unofanira kutenga nitrate yesirivha, iyo anonziwo lipis penzura. Uyu kunzwisisa silvering nzira, asi anoumba akavimbika uye nemishonga unhani pamusoro pemvura. Zvinotevera zvinoumba anodiwa achigadzirira mumushonga:
- Nitrate - 2 magiramu;
- Water - 300 milliliters.
The zvichiguma sezvamunoita zvishoma nezvishoma kusanganisa chloroic acid. Pamwe chete, zvinobvira kushandisa mhinduro imwe kubika munyu kunobva mvura (10%). Preparation chemhinduro inofanira kuitwa apo pazasi mugaba haringavi kuoneka precipitate - kuiisa chlorine sirivha. The zvichiguma fuma inofanira zvakarurama vakaungana uye ndikageza zvakawanda mvura yakachena.
Masirivha yakawira pasi ari muchimiro flakes yakasananiswa kwazvo ine mvura, chine yavaibvisa hyposulfite (20 magiramu) uye mvura yakachena (100 milliliters). The rakapedzwa muvhenganiswa iri yakasvinwa uye kusanganiswa muvhuruvhuru choko kana munhuwo mazino upfu. Gadzirirai mhinduro kusvikira nefuma nowenyika yakashapa cream. The zvichiguma sezvamunoita rinoshandisirwa chigadzirwa uye kusiya kwenguva imwe nguva kusvikira yesirivha firimu achaonekwa pamusoro pemvura.
Heat
Munogonawo nokuti processing chigadzirwa kumba rinoitwa nevanhu muchidziisa. To basa, pakaitwa inotoda kugadziriswa umo nyaya iri kunyudzwa. Kuti agadzirire musanganiswa pachako, zvinotevera zvinoumba vanofanira:
- Munyu munyu - 600 magiramu;
- Silver chloride - 100 magiramu;
- Wine ibwe (maatomu akafanana izvi Akaratidzawo nezita - potassium batterot) kuti uwandu magiramu 600.
Nokusanganisa ose pamusoro okunze, zvinoitika upfu kuti anoramba ehupfumi vayo kwemazuva mazhinji.
Zvakakodzera kuchengeta pamberi tangi chakagadzirwa murima rinoonekera. Mvura ichada mvura yekugadzirira mhinduro. At 5 liters of fluid shandisa kwete anopfuura matatu maspuni eiyo apedza yakaoma poda. Kuumbwa kunogadziriswa nekubika, mushure mekunge chigadzirwa chakabviswa mumvura uye bota kuburikidza nehafu yeawa.
Mukuita kwekushanda, kuparadzira kwekuramba kunoumbwa. Kuti ubvise, iwe unogona kugadzirira musanganiswa unotevera:
- Mvura yakachena - mashanu malita;
- Acetic-tungamira munyu - zana gramu;
- Antichloro (anozivikanwawo anonzi Sernor uye Sodium Munyu uye Hyposulphite) - 300 grams.
Mhinduro yacho inotsveneswa kune tembiricha yeairi + 80 ° C. Inonyudza nyaya yemaminitsi makumi maviri nemashanu. Mushure mekugadzirisa, radiance inokwezva inoonekwa pane imwe nyaya.
Kuwedzera Kurudziro
Kuti uone kuti ndedzipi nzira dziri nani dzakakodzera pane chimwe nechimwe chete, chinokurudzirwa kuitisa kuedzwa kwekuedzwa uye kuenzanisa mhedzisiro. Paunenge uchishanda kumba, usakanganwa nezve nzira dzekuchengetedza, kunyanya kana uchishandisa ngozi yemakemikari reagents.
Kana iwe uchizoita sirivheri pane nyanzvi yehunyanzvi, funga nezvekutenga kwemidziyo mini. Izvi zvicharerutsa zvakanyanya uye zvakachengeteka basa, uye zviyero zvekumusoro zvichabvumira kuti uise pamba.
Nekubatsira kwemakemikari reagents uye kuziva maitiro ekuita basa, zvinokwanisika kuita mafambiro mumamiriro asiri emuindasitiri. Iyi ndiyo nzira yekubvisa simbi kubva pane ore. Nekudaro, nzira iyi inotipa kushandiswa kweMercury, iyo inoita kuti maitiro awedzere kuva nengozi.
Kubata Matanho
Izvo zvakakosha zvinamanira kune inotevera matipi:
- Makemikari anoita anogona kukuvadza hutano uye hutano, saka nzvimbo yekuita maitiro ayo anofanira kunyatsovhunika;
- Ita shuwa kuti nzvimbo yebasa isingasviki kubasa, inoshanda kune vana vadiki uye mhuka dzesimba;
- Tsvina inokonzeresa inofanira kuve yakareruka zvakachengeteka zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwavo;
- Ive nechokwadi chekushandisa magurovhosi, anofona uye magirazi akakosha, uye anokurudzirwawo kupfeka zvipfeko zvekudzivirira;
- Mushure mekunge sirivheri yapera, suka zvishandiso, zvipfeko zvebasa uye zvishandiso zvekudzivirira.
Nzira dzesirivheri, ona vhidhiyo inotevera.