Rhodium isimbi isingawanzo simbi uye inozivikanwa kune vanoda zvishongo. Rhodium Spray inodzivirira kutaridzika kwemakumbo uye maswero pane zvinhu zvinokosha, zvinopa mukuchengetedza kwekutanga kwechitarisiko kwenguva yakareba.
Chii chazviri?
Rhodium ndiyo Chemical Element N45 kubva patafura yemapato yeMendeleev, ine chekuita nemazita akanaka eboka renyama. Chinhu chakavhurwa neBritish William Hydov volastton muna 1803 kana uchishanda ne platinamu mhinduro. Mariri, chemist akawana chinhu chakajeka chepfu poda, chinonzi Rodi, chakashanduka kubva kuGreek zvinoreva "Rose".
Rhodium ndeimwe yemasara dzinosara uye dzinodhura, Izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuoma kwechiitiko chekutsamwa kwayo kubva platinamu pachiyero cheindasitiri. Muzvisikwa, zviripo mune zvicherwa, kusanganisira maplatinoids akati wandei kamwechete. Nyanzvi dzinoona kuti kuwana 1 kg yeiyi simbi inoda matani akati wandei ekati. Volrarston yakaratidza iyo Rhodium seinotevera: Mushure meiyo synthesis yeSodium Hydrogen Munyu, iyo yakakwana poda pamusoro peiyo hydrogen murazvo weiyo madonhwe esimbi yakachena yakawana mashoma mashoma madonhwe mashoma.
Gare gare nekuedza kwaProfesa Lebedinsky kwakavhura nzira itsva yekugoverwa kweRhodium -Mhedzisiro pane mhinduro yePlatinoid Salts neCold. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kutonhora mumhinduro kwakawira pasi, kuiswa nemakomputa eRhodium neArrilia. Iyi nzira yaive yakapararira muindasitiri yemakemikari uye ichiri kushandiswa. Kusvika parizvino, nekubatsirwa kweiyo Lebedinsky maitiro, kurongeka kwematani makumi matatu ematani akachena anoburitswa gore rimwe nerimwe.
Maitiro acho ane chinangwa chekuparadzanisa platinamu uye kuwana iyo chaiyo iyo Rhodium yakadanidzirwa yakadhindwa.
Kana vari kutaridzika kweiyo rhodium, iyo tsvuku-yepink mimvuri hunhu chete nekuda kwemakomputa ayo chete, apo simbi pachayo ichiita sirivheri, kunyangwe iye akaderera pairi mukujeka kupenya. Saka, Huwandu hwemwenje hunoratidzwa nesimbi iyi ndeye 80%, nepo sirivheri iri 95% muSirivheri . Pasinei neizvi, mukugadzira magirazi ehunyanzvi, panzvimbo pesirivheri, inowanzoshandiswa neRhodium. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuratidzwa kwePlatinoid uye kugona kwayo kushanda nehuremu hwakakwidziridzwa kweElectromagnetic radiation, kusanganisira iyo infrared renji. Mune mamwe mazwi, iyo Rhodium inounganidza inogona kushandira makore mazhinji, nepo sirivheri iri pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akafanana haaperi zuva rekupedzisira.
Hunhu hwesimbi hwaizove husina kukwana pasina kutaura kukosha kwayo. Mutengo weRhodium Rhodium unogara uchingogara wakasiyana-siyana uye zvinoenderana nepagore rekugadzira vhoriyamu. Saka, muna Nyamavhuvhu 2016, Troyan kamwechete Rhodium (31,1034768 g) Mutengo wemadhora mazana manomwe, asi mumakore anotevera mutengo wakawedzera zvinoshamisa. Pakutanga kwa2020, kukosha kweiyo rhodium ingot kuridza ounce imwe yaive $ 9,000. Mutengo wakakwira unokonzerwa nenyaya yekuti simbi haina mineral uye ine muNative platinum, nickel uye mhangura ore, pamwe nejecha regoridhe seshamwari.
Nekudaro, izvo zvakakura zveRhodium zvinoonekwa mumhando dzeOsmiste Ididia - Rhodium Nevyanskit, iyo inosanganisira anenge 11.3% yesimbi dzakachena.
Kuumbwa uye zvivakwa
Rhodium isimba rakasimba simbi simbi, yepamusoro kune yake "Progentitor" platinum yekugadzikana kwemakemikari mune dzakawanda dzekubatanidza nharaunda. Iyo yemagetsi yemagetsi yeatomu yayo inoita seiyi: RH - 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3D 2 38 4D 8 5S 8 5D 8 5 Iyo simbi yakanyungudutswa mune iyo nzira yekubika muRoyal vodka (HCL neHno3 musanganiswa), muHnoo4 musanganiswa (kana ichipiswa) uye muHydrogen Peroxide. Iyo yekunyungudika pfungwa ndeye 1964 ° C, Boiling - 3697 ° C, iyo esimbi density pa20 ° C is 12,41 g / cm3. Rhodium ndeye yeboka revasingawanzo nyika simbi, mune yakasimba mamiriro ane ririvha ruvara nechitonhora.
Rhodium inogadzikana nemakemikari, nemhedzisiro iyo nevasoncols inobata zvakanyanya - chete kuti uwane tembiricha yetsvuku caguine. Kuderedza masimbi oxidation inogoneka chete mumamiriro akapwanywa uye chete pa1000 ° C.
Nekuda kwepurasitiki yakakwira, iyo inoratidzika kana ichipiswa kusvika kune 850-900 madhigirii mune waya yakaonda iri kuitika, kubva pane inoverengeka inoverengeka uye inofamba fools foil.
Hunhu hwakakosha hwesimbi hunofungidzirwa kuti hunokwanisa kuchinja mumvuri wawo, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha mune zvishongo. Saka, kana calcing tembiricha ye800 ° C, iyo Rhodium yakachinjika nefirimu rehope dzinobviswa nekuwedzera tembiricha kusvika ku1000 ° C. Nhema Rhodium inonyanya kukosheswa, iyo yakakosha mukugadzira zvishongo zvezvakanyanya kuwedzeredza gadziriro. Imwe nzvimbo yesimbi ndeyekugona kuita sechaita secarlyst kune yakawanda yemakemikari maitiro. Nekudaro, nerubatsiro rwechitsviro yeRhotium hupfu, waini yakajairika doro inogona kushandurwa kuita acidic acid.
Dhipoziti uye mining
Iyo yepagore yekugadzira pasi rose yeRhodium ndeye matani makumi matatu. Zvikuru zvidiki zvekugadzirwa zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaderera zvezvinhu zvakadzika zvepasi uye kusavapo kwevakomana vavo. Iyo huru yesimbi deposits inowanikwa muRepublic of South Africa, iyo inopa 75-80% yeRhodium kuenda kumusika wose. Zvishoma Pfuma deposits iri muCanada, Colombia neRussia - munyika neyevhareji yekuvharirwa kweplative platinamu mumakadzika epasi.
Kuwedzera kushamwaridzana, nzira yekufungidzira yekugadzirwa kwesimbi inoonekwa sekusunungurwa kweiyo isotope yaPlutonium, uranium uye trorium, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya musimba renyukireya. Kuwana Rhodium nenzira iyi kunogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rekuda kwakanyanya uye zvisina kukwana mesimbi mavhoriyamu anogadzirwa muminda. Kufunga nezve indasitiri yeNuclear yakakwira uye yakakwira yeRhodium muNuclear Fuel (kusvika 400 G / t), Indasitiri yeNyireya yeNyireya ichave iyo huru yekuvhura yesimbi iyi kusvika pasi Marike.
Kushandiswa kupi?
Chiyero cheRhodium chakakura kwazvo. Metal iri kudiwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeindasitiri yemakemikari uye kugadziriswa, iyo inoshandiswa sechinhu cheti, chivakwa chakabikwa uye zvishongo.Catalyst
Muchiitiko ichi, simbi inoshandiswa mukusagadzikana kwemakemikari, iyo yakajairika iyo iri kuwana acetic acid kubva kuMethyl doro. Izvo zvinoshandiswawo kana uchigadzira mafirita-zvisina kurerekera zvakagadzirirwa kushanda nemagasi emumotokari. Uye rhodium-platinamu-platinum alloys inoonekwa seyakanyanya kubata
Kusvika parizvino, kusvika pamakumi masere neshanu muzana evarwi vagove vane rhodium renji.
Zvivakwa zvekuvaka
Rhodium inokosha mukugadzirwa kwegirazi remidziyo yemvura yemvura, kuti igadzirwe iyo inotora platinamu yayo. Panyaya iyi, kushandiswa kwesimbi kuri kukura zvakanyanya muchikamu chekukura kwekukura kwezvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano. RHODHOLS inoshandiswa zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwemagirazi ehunyanzvi, nzvimbo dzekuratidzira uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoratidza dzichashandiswa mumamiriro akanyanyisa uye laver.
Hazvigoneke kutaura kuti Platinum-Rhodium croctibles inoshandiswa kukura matombo anokosha uye makristasi neElectro-Optical Properties mumarabhoreti mamiriro. . Mukubatanidzwa neIdidium kana platinum simbi, inowanzoshandiswa kugadzirwa kweiyo thermocoup inodiwa kune zviyero zveanopfuurira kupisa (anopfuura 2200 ° C). Hazvibviri kucherechedza basa resimbi mune maitiro ekugadzira mabhuruku marara uye maFlasks anoshandiswa pakuedza kwemakemikari. Nekuda kwekuti iyo rhodium haina kupindirana nezvinhu chero zvipi zvacho, mumidziyo yakadaro iwe yaunogona kudurura chero rudzi rwezvinyorwa.
Zvishongo
Rhodium inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwezvishongo, kuita mabasa maviri kamwechete - kudzivirira nekushongedza. Semuyenzaniso, Sirivheri yakafukidzwa neyakajeka nzvimbo yeRhodium layer inowana kupenya kwakadzika, haisirimi uye hahuyi uye ohodize mumhepo, Uye goridhe revabereki nekuda kwekusimba kwepamusoro kwesimbi (6 zvikamu. Kusvika. Moos) inova yakasimba uye inopisa. Uye zvakare, simbi inodiwa kuti uwane goridhe chena, iyo yakakurumbira pakati pezvinhu zvishongo, uye nzombe dzayo dzinobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwegoridhe-goridhe - iyo aut-garde garmetaall fashoni.
Kutonhora, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo yakadzika uye inonakidza mhiri kweiyo mhere inoenderana zvakakwana nevaFironia, Zirconia, madhaimani uye anoisa kubva mumasimbi anokosha. Uye zvakare, simbi inowanzoshandiswa sechairo mukugadzira platinum uye palladium zvishongo. Zvigadzirwa zvakafukidzwa neRhodium Spray usingade kuchenesa nguva dzose uye chengetedza iyo yekutanga kupenya kwenguva yakareba.
Pamusoro pebasa rekushongedza, kurondedzerwa kunoderedza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwegoridhe chena, iyo, nekugara uchionana neganda, inokonzera kutsvuka uye inokonzera kutsvuka. Iyo denderedzwa resimbi iri rinodzivirira zvisingafadzi migumisiro yekupfeka yekushongedza, iyo inonyanya kukosha kune vanhu vari kutambura nedanda zvirwere. Nekudaro, pamwe nehuwandu hukuru hwakanakira, kuchiri chiitiko chekushandurwa. Kuchine rhodium kupfira kunoda nguva yekuvandudza nguva, uye kuvapo kwayo pachayo kunowedzera mutengo wezvishongo.
Pamusoro penzvimbo dzekushandisa, rhodium inoshandiswa mukugadzira mari. Saka, muna 2009, yekutanga yakachena rhodium mari yakapihwa paUS mint, iyo isina kushandiswa semari yekubhadhara, uye yakashanda sechinhu chekudyara. Nekudaro, zvishoma gare gare (mu 2014), iyo Bank yeRwanda yakaburitswa kuberekwa kwekutanga kwemari ine kukosha kwechiso kwegumi yegumi yegumi, iyo yakatanga kushandiswa semumiriri wekubhadhara.
Imwe nzvimbo yekushandiswa kwesimbi iyi yakanaka indasitiri yenyukireya. Dodium yekuona inoshandiswa zvinobudirira seNetron Flow Metres mune nyukireya Estors.
Ndezvipi zvikamu zveredhiyo zvine?
Mumamwe nguva dzeSoviet, yaive pfungwa yekuti zvikamu zvakawanda zveredhiyo zvakagadzirwa neiyo hofium yakachena. Nekudaro, zvaive kure nezvakaipa, uye simbi yaishandiswa chete kuvhara vafambi veanobatanidza. Kugadzira kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zviri pachavo, hazvina kukodzera, sezvo zvaive zvisina kusimba uye zvakanyanyisa kutyorwa. Asi chivharo, chaive chinongedzo, icho chinokonzerwa nekupokana kwayo kwekushora uye kuratidzira kwakanyanya kuenderana neElectromagnetic Rays. Rhodium Coatta aive nemafambisirwo (anofara zvekare) Type Res-55 (a) muChierali yePC 4569601, Rs 456603, Rs 4569604 and PC 4569605.
Goridhe rorudzii rinotaurwa negoridhe revhidhiyo inotevera.