Pakupera kweiyo Xix yezana, masayendisiti echiFrench uye mayo, nerubatsiro rweiyo nickel uye alloy alloy, akagadzira simbi, iyo inogona kutevedzera sirivheri. Iyo Alloy yakatanga kunyorera kugadzirwa kwekucheneswa uye ndiro, uye zvekushongedza kwakatanga kugadzira zvese zvekushongedza, pamwe nezviridzwa zvekurapa uye zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa kwehunyanzvi.
Melchior akakurumidza kupinda mufashoni, saka munenge mumhuri imwe neimwe, ane hupfumi hwaisatendera kuve nekucheka kubva sirivheri, maforogo, mafoni nemapanga nemapanga emitambo kubva kuMoredhi. Mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvakadaro hazvina kunyanya kukwirira, asi pakuonekwa ivo vaive vakaoma kusiyanisa sirivheri. Nekudaro, utsinyeti aifanira kupenda zvakakwana midziyo yetafura kubva kuMelchior kuti azvitarise zvinodhura uye ichiratidzika.
Chii chazviri?
Iyo makemalom yemakemikari yeMelkior zvinoreva Compund yemhangura uye nickel simbi Kutorwa mune mamwe muzana, mhedzisiro iyo iyo alloy inowanikwa, inotaridzika kupenya uye ine ruvara rwesirivheri. Simbi yakadaro yave rudzi rwekugumburwa rweMunhu 'aisaziva nzira yekusiyanisa sirivheri kubva kuMelchior uye kazhinji yaizofadza, kutora minator zvigadzirwa zvemutengo wesirivheri.
Dzimwe nguva simbi neManganinese yakawedzerwa kune iyo mhangura yakaenzana neiyo nickel kuwedzera density uye simba rezvinyorwa. Kana magineti akaunzwa kuchigadzirwa chakadai, zvaigoneka kuona kuti zvinoratidzira zvivakwa zvemagineti uye zvemagetsi, nepo zvigadzirwa zvesirivheri hazvina kugona kuratidza magineti.
Mushure mekutora nguva dzinoverengeka, nyanzvi dzakatanga kuita medzai emhando dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakatowana mazita avo uye akawana dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuzvinyorera.
Chitarisiko
Pakutanga, Melchior aive nemimba senzira isingadhuri kune sirivheri. Muchitarisiko, chigadzirwa chinobva mudanga remhangura neNickl hazvina kusiyana nesirivheri, vaitaridzika zvakanaka uye nemutsa, asi vaive zvakachipa, asi vaive vakachipa kupfuura vatinonhusha sirivheri. Zvakanga zvakanyanyisa kuoma kuziva zvinhu zveMelchive, kana mweniwo egoridhe, sirivheri kana nzvimbo yeRhodium yakaiswa pamusoro. Musiyano uripo pakati sirivheri uye melkior haingangove pakati pezviyo zvavo, asiwo mune zvinotarisirwa zvigadzirwa.
Kuumbwa
Iyo Alloy inosanganisira yemhangura-nickel chigadziko chekirasi isina-ferus simbi. Chaizvoizvo, melchior ine mhangura, uye nickel nevamwe vanowedzera vanoita sekurohwa, iyo inopa kuomarara kwakapera uye kusimba. Kuumbwa kwesimbi kunoshanda kune iyo Alloy inobvumira kuti usaenderane necrode, oxidizing mumhepo. Izvo zvinhu zvesimbi zvisina tsvina uye sirivheri yayo inopenya zvakanyanyisa kukosha uye zvakakosha mune melchior.
Pakutanga, Melchior yaingova nemhangura neNickerl, asi nekufamba kwenguva, kuumbwa kwayo kwakaitwa kwakakwana uye kwakasiyana-siyana. Saka kwaive nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzeMelchior. Kuumbwa kwesimbi mumazuva ano melchior kunogona kunge kuri kwekutevera:
- Copper - kubva pamakumi matanhatu kusvika makumi matanhatu kusvika 90%;
- Nickel (dzimwe nguva nekuwedzera kweCobalt) - Kubva pa5 kusvika 30%;
- Manganese - hapana anopfuura 1%;
- Iron - hapana anopfuura 1%.
Mune mamwe marangi eMelchior, pane zinc iyo yakatsiviwa nechikamu chimwe cheNickerl. Alloy inokonzeresa yaive neruvara rwe sirivha-simbi uye kazhinji rwunoshandiswa kugadzirwa kwemari. Nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kweMelkior Alloy, zvakazosvika kuti mukupera kwemashopu ezvipenga kubva kune bars akatanga kusadaidzira hapana mumwe kunze kwemelsior.
Alloy yemazuva ano yeMelchior isingaonekwe, isina tsanga zvinhu. Kutenda kune yakakura zvemukati yemhangura, pamusoro pezvigadzirwa kubva kune melchior ichavhara.
Kuchengetedza rudzi rwechirwo rwekutanga rwechigadzirwa, zvinodikanwa kuchenesa uye kupukuta zvese neProphylactic chinangwa uye mushure mekushandiswa.
Kucherechedza
Zvezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa ne melchior Alloy, pane stigma (sampuli) inosanganisira mavara maviri: m uye n. Tsamba idzi dzinoreva kuti iyo Alloy inosanganisira mhangura neNickel. Kana paine metres uye mc padivi, zviratidzo zvakadaro zvakaratidza kuti muchimiro chemagariro, lelly inosanganisira simbi neManganese. Kuwedzera kune iyo alfabhethi yealfabheti, kusarura pane zvigadzirwa zveMelchior vaive nenhamba. Semuenzaniso, muyedzo weMTF 30-1-1 zvakaratidza kuti muAlloy Base, rine 30% yeNickel, 1% simbi uye 1% Manganese.
Zvigadzirwa zvinobva kuMelchior zvakagadzirwa munyika medu kunguva yekuora kweUSSR, mushure meizvozvo zvakafanana zvakatanga kuburitsa nekuwedzera kweZinc. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive Nezilber - imwe yemhando dzeMelchior. Zvinhu kubva pamhangura-nickel alloy pasina yekuwedzera zinc ikozvino inogona kutengwa kunze kwekunge muzvitoro zvekare. Zvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa neNezilber muchitarisiko uye simba kuti usaratidzwe kubva sirivheri, izvo sirivheri kana uchifunga nezve mhepo yakasviba, uye mwero weMerkior neZinc icharamba isina kuchinjika.
Chinhu chakasiyana cheNezilber chitambi chayo. Uye kana Melchior chitaridzi Kuparara MN, ipapo zingi chiwanikwa anotova mumwe chokuguma - ITC. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika kuti hapana ivhu pamusoro chigadzirwa. Zvadaro kuona murwiyo unofanira kuziva musi ayo gadzira kana kufungidzira Ruvara chigadzirwa kuvapo imwe yellowish tint mariri; kana pasina Hue yakadaro, zvinoreva kuti uri nezilber, uye kwete Melchior.
Properties nesimbi
Zvinoitwa emhangura chiwanikwa pamwe nickel ndeinotevera:
- The chiwanikwa asingadi kupinda oxidative maitiro pamwe okisijeni;
- kwete pachena kuti sesaline uye acidic zvinogadzirisa, kusanganisira mvura yegungwa;
- anoratidza kuramba magasi;
- zvakanaka kubatwa Spike, pakuonekwa;
- The zvokunyama arambe achirema ndiyo 8900 makirogiramu / m3;
- Chaiwo zvemagetsi nemishonga iri 284-285 n / m, kwazvo mhangura kuramba munenge ka20;
- Kana pasina manganese uye nesimbi iri chiwanikwa, kuti Melchior richava magetsi kondakita;
- pasina simbi netsvina kwaro sezvamunoita, kuti chiwanikwa vachange vasina midziyo magnetization;
- Simba Melchior akafanana nesimba simbi;
- The kurwisa zvenyaya pakakoromoka ndiyo 380-400 MPa;
- Brinell pokuoma pamwero ndiyo 66-70 dzakabatana.
Melchior anonzi ane rakasimba chiwanikwa pane sirivha, apo kwayo kurema zviri zvishoma pane kuti yomuchinda simbi.
Kunyungudza tembiricha
Kupa Melchiorem chiwanikwa zvakaoma, kuitisa chaiyo kupisa kurapwa, riri sezvinotevera: The chiwanikwa iri neshungu kuti 260-300 ° C, uye ipapo kupa zvishoma nezvishoma kutonhora muchoto, sezvingatarisirwa achidzikisa tembiricha. muitiro wakadaro anonzi Nagarovka. Nacho Melchior zvinoitwa yakasimba chaizvo.
Product nokurondedzerwa:
- Melchior akayerera tembiricha neeSultan kubvira 1190 kusvika 1230 ° C uye kunoenderana Kuronga chiwanikwa;
- Zviratidzi maduramazwi kupisa vanokwanisa vari avhareji anosvika 390-400 J / makirogiramu, izvo anoratidza pacharo panguva tembiricha kuti +15 kusvika + 25 ° C;
- Melchioric sezvamunoita haritorwi oxidative pezvakaitwa, chero kuti tembiricha ambient zvichava mukati kusvikira + 150 ° C.
Kubva Kuronga Kuronga ligature rinoshandiswa chiwanikwa, zvacho plasticity chinoratidza achavaponesa. The makuru ayo anoumba dare uye manganese, rezasi ari coefficient pokuoma kwemwoyo ari Melchior.
Mhando alloys
To musi, vanopfuura 65 vakasiyana simbi alloys vanozivikanwa, izvo ndezvaJehovha mukuru boka Melchior. Mumwe chiwanikwa akadaro ane zita rayo uye zvivako, izvo awana kuratidza iri chokuguma uye chikamu Kuronga zvinhu.
Funga rakajairika alloys.
- MONEL. Metal chiwanikwa rine mu sezvamunoita kwayo kusvikira 66-67% kuti nickel. Izvi zvinhu yakanga zvinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu zvokurapa zviridzwa, kushandiswa pakugadzira zvigadzirwa zvinodiwa mumafuta uye namakemikari mabhora ari shipbuilding indasitiri.
- Constantan. The chiwanikwa harina kupfuura 40-41% nickel, aunopiwa zvinhu mukuru kwoukukutu uye simba. Izvi zvinhu rinoshandiswa kuti kugadzirwa nesimbi-rokutema michina uye Fixtures.
- Nickel sirivha. The chiwanikwa rine kusvika 15% nickel, zinc inowedzerwa sezvo ligature. chiwanikwa iyi Melchior rinoshandiswa kuti nyaya yechipfuva rinoti kusiyana, mari uye zvemaoresa zvakaitwa nayo, uyewo zvikamu inoshandiswa yakarurama chiridzwa zvokuita.
Nokuti zvaAtemisi Forogo, Banga Nechipunu uye nemidziyo, zingi haushandi, uye kuti panguva kudya havana kunzwa resimbi kuravira, pemvura Forogo, Banga Nechipunu akafuka mutete paiva gilding kana sirivha.
Areas mashandisiro
Sezvo Melchior ari husingakwanisi mvura mugungwa munyu, zvinonzi Inoziva kubva pairi, iro rinoshandiswa nokure mugungwa shipbuilding. High zvemagetsi conductivity anotibvumira kushandisa melchive alloys kuti pagadzirwe thermoelements, resistors nezvimwe conductive zvinhu. Chinowanzoonekwa kureva Melchior uye mumunda motokari indasitiri: resimbi chiwanikwa chinofukidza zvimwe zvikamu motokari mashandiro kuitira kudzivirira ngura yazvo.
Kubva mhangura-nickel chiwanikwa akasarudzei mvura Fittings, Fittings, mavharuvhu uye dzimwe mvura enyika. Melchioric chiwanikwa inoshandiswa mukurapa: zvigadzirwa akaita izvi zvinhu zvinogona kakawanda pasi siyana inorwisa utachiona marapirwo. Panguva iyoyowo, havasi ngura, akasara yaro yepakutanga chimiro.
Forogo, Banga Nechipunu uye ndiro
Kubva nguva pakusikwa Melchior chiwanikwa, raishandiswa pagadzirwe nedzimba dzokudyira uye midziyo yemagetsi, izvo pakunaka yavo vaigona kukwikwidzana zvigadzirwa sirivha. Anoita Melchior nezvirongo, maforogo mapanga yaishandiswa panguva yomutambo inodiwa: Pakadaro nenyembe tafura dzayo inopenya sirivha anopenya. Tumabhodhoro netumidziyo nokuti michero kana zvihwitsi, solllers, saucers, nendiro dzacho pamwe chine ukapisa murwi, majagi uye magirazi zvakaitwa sezvo Forogo, Banga Nechipunu kubva Melchior chiwanikwa chiwanikwa.
Ndiro kubva Melchior haana kunyara uye kupa. The muhadyana, mukombe anaro, chipunu pamwe enamel - izvi zvose zvakanga kwete chete akakodzera, asiwo zvinodikanwa, uye chaipiwa chero dzakarongwa nyaya. Of Melchior, hombe tii samovars uye vokuTurkey dzokubikisa kofi vakanga kakawanda. Inside, zvinhu izvi zvinogona ngavafukidzwe nhete paiva gaba kuitira kuti kana neshungu kupinda mvura, chero zvinokuvadza vakanga kusiyaniswa. Melchior Chinoshamisa aiva pasi chafariz conductivity: kuisa inopisa tii mavari, zvaigoneka musatye kupisa minwe yake panguva bato tii.
Kushongedza
Silver anopenya nomunhu anokudzwa chesimbi chiwanikwa haana kusiya hanya uye vanoda zvishongo. Melchioric zvigadzirwa zvakasimba kubatikana niche zvavo munzvimbo iyi, asi kwete somunhu nyepera yesirivha, asi sezvo zvinhu kubva yakasiyana uye aida simbi. Kushongedza kwakaitwa kubva kumhangura-nickel axloy, kuve nehukuru hwekupfeka-kuramba uye kusanzwisisika kwechitarisiko. Ivo vanowedzera kushongedzwa vane vatema vakakosha, wedzera patina, vakabatwa neye filigree nzira.
Melchior anowanzo kushongedzwa nesirivheri: Iyi nzvimbo haina kungoisa chitarisiko chakanaka, asi zvakare ine antiseptic gadziriso yekutenda kune sirivha ions. Kazhinji kazhinji, mwero wemhangura uye nickel yakashongedzwa nekukura. Chaizvoizvo izvi zvinoitwa nezvishongo uye zviyero. Rudzi rwegoridhe runoshanda pamusoro pezvigadzirwa hazvipfuure 1 micrometer, asi kana tikashandisa iyo nzira yekuvhara, ipapo kuramba kwega kwakakura kuchikwira kwazvo.
Goridhe yakarongedzwa melchior kunyangwe nekushandiswa kwemazuva ese hakurasikirwe nezvivakwa. Iyo hypoallllergen uye yakachengeteka kushandiswa kana uchibata ganda.
Kusiyana sei kubva simbi isina tsvina?
Sarudza pamba, melchior pamberi pako kana simbi isina tsvina yakaoma kwazvo. Kufambisa basa racho, unogona kushandisa zano revanyanzvi.
- Tsanangudzo ine muenzaniso. Pane zvigadzirwa kubva kumhangura uye nickel alloy, ivo vanoisa kusarura kwakasimba muchimiro cheMN, izvo zvinogona kusanganiswa nemavara, mc, c uye nhamba dzinoratidza iyo muzana yeiyo ligature. Iko hakuna kurongedza kwakadaro pane zvigadzirwa zvisina tsvina.
- Kana iwe ukashandisa donhwe remvura pane iyo nickel alloy uye mhangura, Ipapo maawa mashoma gare gare, pane kudonha, iwe uchaona nzvimbo yakasvibira, nepo tsvina isina tsvina isingapi.
- Pharmacy Lyapis penzura Pazvinhu zveMelchior zvinosiya nzira yakasviba, uye pane simbi isina tsvina - kwete.
- Melchiorovy Alloy Iyo ine masheti madiki emagineti, uye simbi isina tsvina - kwete, sezvo ichine chromium ne nickel.
- Alloy of Melchior ndeye 3 times inodhura, pane galloy yesimbi yesimbi isina tsvina, sezvo melchior ine yakawanda inodhura nickel.
Simbi isingawanzo kuedza kupa sirivheri kana melkior yekuumbwa, asi melchior inowanzowanikwa mune inhema zvishongo zvakakosha, ndiro uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinotevedzera sirivheri.
Ungaita Sei?
Zvekuti zvigadzirwa kubva kuNickl uye Alloy Alloy zvairatidzika zvakaringana uye akakwezva kutarisa kwavo kune kwavo runako, ivo vanofanirwa kuve nenguva nenguva vachishandisa kuchenesa nekupukuta. Nechinangwa ichi, hupfu hwemeno hunogona kushandiswa, chivharo chekunyora kana mumiririri wakagadzirirwa kutarisira zvishongo zvakagadzirwa nemitezo inokosha uye alloys. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mukuumbwa kwevashandisi vakadaro vanochenesa hapana zvikamu zveAcids kana chlorine zvinhu, sezvo zvinhu izvi zvinomhanyisa kurambidzwa pamusoro peiyo melchior zvigadzirwa.
Hedzino zvishoma Recipes kushandisa iyo, unogona kuchenesa Forogo, Banga Nechipunu kana zvemaoresa.
- The pemvura ikarapwa pamwe pasoda zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura In nhamba 50 g pasoda pa 1 L emura. Hazvina akakurudzira yakachena yakaoma upfu pasoda, sezvo pashure muitiro wakadaro, anokwenya kuonekwe pamusoro pechiso zvigadzirwa. Pashure kurapwa pamwe pasoda pamwe pasoda, chigadzirwa kunofanira wosukurudzwa nemvura nokuomesa tauro dryly, semadonhwe akanyorova uye kuumba echitema.
- Chimwe yokuwana pamwe pasoda: In aruminiyamu mudziyo, zvakakodzera kuisa foil rukoko ugoadira ine mhinduro ine pasoda (zvakafanana kukura sezvo muzvirevo shanduro). Next kuti mudziyo unofanira peta zvinhu kuti iwe kuronga kuchenesa. The mudziyo iri rakaiswa pachitofu, uye zvirimo vari kugadziridzwa kuti mota. Zvadaro chinhu chimwe nechimwe chiri nemvura uye uchapusika jira yakaoma.
- Recipe pamwe amoniya: In mvura inodziya, zvishoma amoniya doro ndiro erudzi uye zvigadzirwa kubva Melchior inoiswa kunoguma mhinduro. Kwapera nguva, zvinhu vanobviswa kubva mhinduro, kushambidzwa nemvura yakachena uye yakaoma yakaomeswa, pakuonekwa jira hwavo uchenjeri.
- Eggshell kuchenesa: The eggshell inofanira makapwanya kwazvo kuti upfu wehurumende - Zvaringana kutora goko kubva 2 mazai. Zai goko upfu anoiswa muzvinhu kukwanisa, akadurura ity remvura uye kuwedzera 20 g munyu. Kukwanisa vane mhinduro kupfeka moto uye kuuya mota. Zvadaro melchive zvigadzirwa aiendeswa okuchenesa inoiswa kubika mhinduro bikai navo kwemaminitsi 2-3. Pashure paizvozvo, zvinhu vanobviswa kubva mhinduro, nemvura, akaomeswa uye rinobwinya pamwe yakachena tishu.
Mushure kuchenesa uye makorari nzira kwapera, zvigadzirwa chakaitwa Melchior chiwanikwa anofanira kubviswa kuti chitoro rinokosha bhokisi kana nyaya ine nyoro mukati. Inside kuchengetera nyaya inofanira kuva rakaoma uye rakachena. Kazhinji, melchive zvinhu dzinotengeswa kare mumapepa mumabhokisi anokosha kana nguva naizvozvo, zvakanakisisa chitoro zvigadzirwa mavari.
Zvakakosha chaizvo kuti tidzivise kugara mwando, kemikari kana pefiyumu zvinhu. Uyewo, zvinhu zvinofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva zvinonyadzisa zvemaziso nemigumisiro. Kuchengeta mitemo izvi nyore, aigara achiita nzira rokuchenesa uye makorari, unogona kuyemura rako melchive zvishongo kana kucheka mano kwemakore akawanda.
About sei kuchenesa Melchior mumaminitsi maviri, ona chinotevera vhidhiyo.