Saka, iwe wakasarudza kupa aquarium uye tora hove. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvikamu zvechisimba, icho chiri aquarium, ivhu. Kana akasarudzwa zvisizvo, mvura inokurumidza kudzora, uye hove uye algae - mudzi uye kufa. Mune zvatinowana iwe unowana zvinodikanwa zvinodikanwa pakusarudza mhando yevhu, kugadzirira kwayo uye kuiswa, pamwe nekuenderera mberi.
Zvinodiwa Pakutanga
Funga nezvezvakakosha zvinodiwa izvo zvinofanirwa kuendeswa kune ivhu usati watenga.
- Inofanira kunge iine chimiro chekupenya. Izvi zvinodiwa kuitira kutenderera mhepo pakati pezvikamu zvevhu, nekudaro kugadzira svikiro rakanaka rekuvapo kwehutachiona. Aya mikana yehutachiona anokwanisa kudzoreredza zororo rasara uye kutambisa hove. Mune ino kesi, purard maitiro hazviiti, hutachiona hunokuvadza hadzina kuvandudzwa, uye mvura inogara yakachena.
- Iyo substrate ichave yakakodzera, iyo size saizi iyo inobva kune 2 kusvika ku5 mm. Kana zvidimbu zvakakura, saka hove dzichava dzakaoma kubvisa chikafu kubva pasi payo. Iyo ivhu rine zvidiki zvidiki zvinogona kupikiswa, maitiro ekutenderera anotanga. Nekuda kweizvozvo, izvi zvinogona kutungamira kurufu rwehove nezvidyarwa.
- Zvimedu zvinofanirwa kutenderedzwa, pasina madhiri. Pamakona akapinza anogona kuzvarwa hove. Mukuwedzera, iyo acute-makona emahara anokwanisa kusendama.
- Substrate zvimedu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakaenzana zvakafanana. Kana iwe ukasanganisa matombo madiki nejecha, saka kwete kuti udzivise maitiro akasimba.
- Ivhu zvimedu zvinofanirwa kunge zvakanaka Kuti zvidyarwa zvichengetei zvakanaka uye zvakange zvakanaka kune Siphon.
- Iyo substrate haifanire kuona chero zvinhu. , pinda kana kumutsa chero makemikari maitiro mune aquarium.
- Iyo yakakodzera sarudzo ndeyekuti ivhu rinobvumira kuti urambe wakakodzera Ph uye zvakare yakazara nezvinovaka muviri.
Varietsies
Marudzi ese ivhu anogona yakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu makuru.
- Zvakasikwa. Substrate inosanganisira zvinhu zvakasikwa zvisina kupfuura chero kugadzirisa. Zvirimwa kubva pazviri hazvigone kugamuchira chero zvinovaka muviri, saka fettizaer inodiwa. Kana substrate yakadaro yakarara muAquarium anopfuura mwedzi mitanhatu, saka pasi rinoitika musi wemweya wepakati uye fetiraiza haachadi. Rudzi urwu rwevhu runosanganisira jecha, matombo, quartz, ibwe rakapwanyika uye gravel.
- Mechan. Iri boka rinosanganisira substrates, zvakare rinosanganisira zvinhu zvakasikwa, zvisinei, zvakapfuura michina yekugadzirisa.
- Zvekunyepedzera. Ichi chidimbu chakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri. Yekutanga inosanganisira yekushongedza epurasitiki uye girazi ivhu. Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira ivhu rekuvaka. Iyo inoshandiswa mumabhandi eDutch, umo hove hadzina kubhururuka, asi zvirimwa zvinongodyarwa.
Saka, funga nezvemhando dzakakurumbira dzevhu.
- Jecha. Kune mamwe marudzi ehove kuti ndeipi yakakodzera substrate ijecha. Mukati maro, vagari vemubhokisi vakaita mink, ivo vachasviba uye kunyange nazvo kuti vashande basa regadziriro yekugaya. Zvemari, jecha zvakare rakanaka nekuti inobvumira midzi yacho kuti ibate zvakanaka. Kusvibiswa kwese, sekutonga, ramba uri pamusoro, saka zviri nyore kuchenesa. Jecha reAquarium rinogona kuva gungwa, rwizi, quartz, chena Argonite, dema, mupenyu.
- Mabwe. Iyo inonyanya kufararira. Inogona kuiswa zvese zviri zviviri mabhegi uye inowanikwa pamwe nerwizi mahombekombe. Yakanaka, yakachengeteka ivhu. Iwe unogona kusarudza iyo size size inoenderana nekugadzirwa kwe aquarium.
- Akawana hutano. Zvitoro zvePeturu zvinotengeswa ivhu rakakosha, iyo iri musanganiswa wePeat, Mineral Fettiza, mabhakitiriya uye zvinhu zvekuwedzera. Kunyanya iyi substrate yakanaka kune aquarium zvidyarwa.
- Ivhu dema. Akakurumbira kwazvo pakati pevakakwikwidza, nekuti pakakwirira, hove dzine ruvara runotaridzika zvakanaka. Aishandisa substrate kubva kuBasalt, Granite, Shunitis. Nekudaro, ivhu iri rinogona kupa mvura yakaipa grey mumvuri. Kunze kwearthi, haina kusvibisa mvura. Mukuwedzera, isu hatifanire kukanganwa nezvezvivakwa zvemaginhini zvekutsiva kwakadaro zvinokuvadza hove nezvidyarwa. Icho chevhu pasina kwazviri uye zvinoda kuwedzera fetiraiza.
- Ichena ivhu. Kazhinji kazhinji idombo kana marble. Inoita kuti mvura ive yakaomarara, iyo isina kukodzera kune ese akasiyana ehove. Mukuwedzera, nekufamba kwenguva, inowana brownish kana greenish tinint, iyo isingawedzere iyo aesthetics kune yako aquarium.
- Pasi. Kazhinji yakagadzirwa negirazi neplastiki. Inogona kunge iri ceramic. Inoita chete gadziriro yekushongedza, hapana zvivakwa zvinobatsira zvinotakura.
Vamwe vanotanga maAkoralist vari kuyedza kushandisa pasi seinonyudza. Izvi hazvigoneke kuita izvi. Izvo zvichakonzera kutenderera kwemvura, mvura ichatapukirwa nehupfumi hunokuvadza uye hove dzese nezvirimwa zvichafa. Izvo zvakakosha kubhadharwa kune imwe yemhando dzekunyatsorondedzerwa pamusoro apa.
Kuyera zvakanakisa
Funga nezve sosi huru iyo inogona kazhinji kusangana muchitoro."Fratson"
Rimwe zita ndiDutch Primer for aquarium. Zvidimbu zvine chimiro chetsoka che1,5-1.7 mm. Kutenda nekusavapo kwemakona akapinza, ivhu rakadaro rakanyatsogadzirirwa aquariums uko kunogara pasi hove. Kunze kwezvo, Chimiro cheiyo substrate chinopa mukana wakanaka wemvura, hazvitenderi kuti zviitwe, unovimbisa mamiriro ezvinhu ekuvapo kune microorganisms iyo inodzosera hove hupenyu hwatsvenyo. Iyi primer inogona kunzi firita bio. Ruvara rwake rwebrown runonyatsoenderana ne algae. Mutengo we3,3 malita anotenderera kubva 800 kusvika 1000 rubles.
JBL Manado.
Iyo yakagadzirwa neCeramisit - Denga rakapiswa. Zvidimbu ndezve saizi 0.5-2 mm. Substrate zvakare haina mipheto yakapinza, yakachengeteka yehove nezvidyarwa. Iyo ine kugona kusarudza yakawedzera yefetiraiza, uye nekushomeka kuvadzosa. Iyo midzi ye algae inokura zvakanaka muvhu kudaro. Sezvo substrate yakagadzirwa nevhu, ike. Kana iwe uchigara hove mu aquarium - vanoda kuchera muvhu, zvidyarwa zvinofanirwa kuve zvakabatanidzwa. Mukuwedzera, zvakaoma kuita kuti ubudise pasi peiyo substrate, sezvo iri kufamba. Nyore mukuchenesa. Paavhareji, mutengo we5 kg dzinenge 850 rubles.
UDECO, Natural White Gravel
Iro zita rinotaura pachayo. Uku ndiko rwizi rufu. Yakachengeteka yehove nekuti ine yakambovakwa. Zvidimbu kubva pamatatu kusvika ku5 mm. Izvi substrate zvinoponesa chena ruvara kunyangwe mushure menguva yakareba. Zvinowedzera kuomarara kwemvura, asi kana mhuka dzako dzechizvokori, dzichavabatsira. Substrate yakadaro isingaremerwa nehunyanzvi. Iyo avhareji mutengo we3,2 kg ndeye 123 rubles.
Barbus "musanganiswa"
Rudzi urwu rwevhu rwakagadzirwa nemarble crumbbs. Substrate yakadaro inogona kuve chena, dema uye mavara. Zvikamu saizi zvakare zvakasiyana. Iyo iri kutengeswa kunge diki (2-5 mm) uye yakawanda yakakura - kubva pa5 kusvika ku10 mm. Panyaya iyi, anotarisa zvakanaka pasi peiyo diki uye yakakura aquarium. Kunze kwezvo, Ruvara ranorti rinobvumira iwe kuti ugadzire yako dhizaini . Nekudaro, zvimedu zvinogona kuwedzera nguva. Ichi chidimbu chinowedzera kuomarara kwemvura kusvika pamwero mudiki, asi zvakachengeteka zvakachengeteka kwehove nezvidyarwa. Mutengo we1 kg inenge zvikamu makumi matanhatu neshanu.
Simba jecha Special M
Iyi mhando yevhu yakanakira aquarium ine huwandu hukuru hwe algae. Substrate yakadaro ine musanganiswa we peat, zvinhu zvekuputa, hutachiona hunobatsira uye Mineral fettilizers. Iyo ivhu zvimedu zvinotevera saizi - s, m, l. Kusarudza, iwe unofanirwa kuenderera kubva kuhukuru uye kudzika kwe aquarium. Pamusoro peiyi substrate, inodikanwa kuisa ivhu revhu guru. Nezuva rimwe chete, kana iwe uchirara substrate muAquarium, hazvigoneke kugadzirisa hove. Ivo vanogona kufa nekuda kweNitroNaubous discharges. Inofanira kumirira kana kuumbidzwa kwemvura kuchagadzikana. Mutengo we6 kg we ivhu rakadaro ndevanenge zviuru zvina zvibodzwa.
DECONISIT musanganiswa.
Iyi primer iri musanganiswa we quartz jecha, ivhu, peat, mineral fetizaders. Iyo inoshandiswa nevhu guru uye inoshanda seyakajeka. Yakanyatsogadzirirwa mhando dzese dzehove nezvidyarwa. Nekudaro, kana iwe ukafunga kushandisa iyi substrate, zvinodikanwa kuti ubudirire iyo Aquarium ine zvinomera, zvisina kudaro mabhakitiriya ari mune ino ivhu anokonzeresa kukura kwe algae. Vamwe vaakashora vanoona kuti iyi substrate inogona dzimwe nguva inonyora. Mari yemutengo we4,8 kg inenge 1600 rubles.
Udeco gungwa coral.
Yakagadzirwa nemakoreti cororals. Chikamu saizi ndeye 11-30 mm. Iyo inokwanisa kuwedzera kuomarara kwemvura, saka yakakodzera kwazvo kuCichlid. Yakanaka substrate iyo inogona kushanda seye aquarium yekushongedza. Iyo avhareji mutengo we6 kg ndeye 650 rubles.
"Eco ivhu"
Zvishandiso zvakawandisa zvinoshandira marble crumb. Iwe unogona kuwana iyi substrate yemavara akasiyana-siyana uye saizi. Basa guru mune Aquarium inobhadharwa. Zvishoma zvinowedzera huwandu hwemvura yakaomesesa. Iyo mutengo we3,5 kg ndeye 170 rubles.
Ungasarudza sei?
Kana uchisarudza ivhu remubatanidzwa wayo, zvinodikanwa kuti uenderere kubva pane zvinotevera maitiro.Hove maonero uye saizi
Iyo idiki hove, iyo chidiki chidiki pane chakakodzera. Nekudaro, iwe haufanirwe kukanganwa nezvezvinhu zveimwe hove dzechikamu chetsiva. Kana iwe uine chaizvo mhuka dzinovaraidza dzakadaro, zvakakodzera kutenga ivhu rakakura, zvimwe zvichaita kuti urege kufa kwevanhu. Kana hove dzako dzichida kuvigwa mune substrate, saka zviri nani kusarudza jecha. Ruvara mutambo wegamari hauna kukosha zvakanyanya, zvisinei, vazhinji vehove vanotaridzika zviri nani pane rakasviba. White substrate nenguva inogona kuchinja ruvara pane brown kana kunyange girini.
Kusarudza vanhu vakawanda, vakapendwa kana yekushongedza girazi substrate, edza kuti urege kuzvidzora kuti arege kukanganiswa kubva kune hove.
Zvidyarwa zvidyarwa
Kwavari, ivhu rinofanira kunyanya kuve neutano-rinovaka, pamwe nemidzi inofanirwa kubatwa mukati. Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvakakodzera kune zvidimbu zvidiki kana zvepakati. Ivhu rezvakasikwa mavambo rinokosha.
Maitiro ekuverenga iyo yakakodzera huwandu?
Iyo substrate layer haifanire kunge yakaonda zvakanyanya, neimwe nzira ichapera kuita basa rayo. Iyo yakaringana ndeyekuti iyo yakajeka yeiyo layer kubva ku2 kusvika ku10 cm. Kana iwe uine Aquarium isina zvidyarwa kana zvidyarwa, hapana mudzi unodiwa, ipapo zvichave zvakakwana 2 cm. Kana zvidyarwa zvako zvine midzi midzi midzi, ipapo ivo vanoda 3-5 cm yevhu. Kana ichikura zvidyarwa zvidyarwa zvine midzi yakakura, zvingave zvichidikanwa kubva pamashanu kusvika ku10 cm yeiyo substrate.
Kuita kuverenga mu kilograph, unogona kushandisa iyo yakakosha formula m = 1000p * n * v: c,
- Iko m imiso yevhu;
- p - chaiyo llensity;
- V - vhoriyamu;
- n ndiko kukwirira kwevhu.
- C ndiko kukwirira kwe aquarium.
Iyi ndiyo nzira yepasirese, inokubvumira kuti uone kuti mangani kilogirms yevhu inodiwa mune imwe kilebarium, semuenzaniso, iyo vhoriyamu ye20 malita uye mune aquariums ezita zana uye kunyange mazana maviri marita.
Iyo chaiyo density tafura inogona kuwanikwa paInternet. Nekudaro, kana iwe uchitya kuve wakanganisa, unogona kushandisa iyo online Calculator yekuverenga huwandu hwevhu mune aquarium.
Kugadzirira
Saka, iwe wakasarudza ivhu, wakaverenga huwandu hunodiwa uye wakatenga. Usati wadonha pasi peiyo aquarium, inofanira kugadzirira.
Kugadzirira kunoenderana nematanho akati wandei.
- Kupenya. Geza ivhu rinotevera mubhari yepurasitiki mune zvidiki zvikamu kusvikira mvura yaonekera. Kana iwe ukafunga kuchengetedza nguva, tanga kugeza iyo ivhu rese nekukasira, saka iwe unozviisa panjodzi kuzviita zvisina kunaka.
- Kukundwa. Mushure mokunge washambwa nevhu, inofanira kuratidzirwazve, kuti arege kuisa mabakitiriya uye yakaipa mabhakitiriya mune aquarium yavo. Kusafarirwa kunoitwa nekubika. Bika kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu, yakabva yasukwa nemvura inodziya. Mushure meizvozvo, ivhu rakarukwa muvheni kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pakudziya kwemadhigirii zana. Kana ivhu riri papurasitiki, saka haigone kuvhenekerwa nekupisa kwakadaro. Sunga nemvura, uye wozoremadzwa mune gumi muzana yeChrorine Solution. Mushure mekunge vabatsiri vakamira maawa maviri muchirungu chlorine, yakashambwa kubvisa munhu chaiwo. Iyo ivhu rine huwandu hwakawanda hwemarble, kabhoni inoiswa mumidziyo ine 30% citric acid mhinduro uye yakakurudzirwa kusvikira mhepo yemhepo inoonekwa pamusoro. Maitiro aya anokutendera kuti usunungure substrate kubva kuMagnesium uye calcium.
Maitiro ekuzviisa?
Kuti uise ivhu, zvakanaka kushandisa iyo spatula. Inogona kutengwa muchitoro, uye iwe unogona kuzviita iwe kubva muhombodo yepurasitiki. Iyo ivhu rinoiswa mune aquarium isina mvura. Isu tinonyadzisa, kuve nefoshoro padyo nepandinogona napo kuzasi kwe aquarium, neimwe nzira unogona kukuvadza madziro.
Kukobvu kweiyo dura parusvingo rwemberi kunofanirwa kunge rakaderera pane iro rekumashure. Kazhinji, ivhu rakaradzika pamberi pe2 cm gobvu, uye kusvika kune rimwe danho rinosvika 8 cm.
Kuti ubvise ivhu, ipa chimiro, shandisa banga remapuranga.
Kana iwe ukaronga kudyara aquarium nezvirimwa, zvino chinofanira kuve chinyararire substrate. Kukobvu kwaro hakufanirwe kupfuura 1 cm. Mushure meizvozvo, iyo ivhu guru rakaradzikwa.
Ungaita Sei?
Kana iyo primer yakachengetwa nemazvo, wozoitira hanya hazvizokonzere matambudziko. Zvakakwana sezvazvinodiwa kugadzira kuchenesa kwayo. Kutsiva kwakazara kwevhu kunogadzira makore mashanu ega ega.
Nyore nyore uye nyore kuchenesa ivhu nejira. Izvo zvakaringana kuvabata pamusoro pezasi kwe aquarium, uye iye achachengeta marara ese. Pasina Siphon, kuchenesa pasi kunogoneka nerubatsiro rwepombi yemagetsi.
Kana iwe uchida kuchinja ivhu pasina kubatanidza mvura, wobva watanga kubvisa zvidyarwa. Wobva wabvisa ivhu rekare. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe unogona kuisa imwe nyowani.
Avo vakatenga Aquarium kekutanga kazhinji vanotarisana nedambudziko - mvura girini. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekunyanyisa kuvhenekera, hove dzakawandisa dzinodya. Kukurukurirana uye sutu inobatsira kutsungirira nedambudziko rakadaro. Iwe unogona zvakare kukurudzira deskening aquarium.
Paunosarudza ivhu kune aquarium, ona iyo inotevera vhidhiyo.