Matryoshka nigipupe cyiza cyane, shikiriza imigenzo myiza yo gukora ibikinisho by'Ubukorikori bw'Abarusiya. Yabaye ubwoko bw'ikimenyetso cy'Uburusiya kandi asa naho "kera", nubwo mubyukuri abahimbaro bafite imyaka irenga 100. Matryoshek yakozwe muri Polhov Maidan, Vyatka, Semenov, kandi bose baratandukanye muburyo bwabo nibintu byumwimerere. Ariko icyamamare cyane - Serigiev posad, na we na Zagorskaya. Tuzavuga kubintu byayo ninkuru muriyi ngingo.
Amafaranga yihariye
Matryoshka ni igipupe kidashoboka kiva mumibare myinshi cyashyizwe ahandi. Kenshi na kenshi mumutwe umwe muri bo kuva kuri 3 kugeza 12, ariko birabaho byinshi.
Umugambi uranga cyane kugirango wumviro nubwicanyi ari bwiza, elegant, ifata igikinisho cyangwa inyamanswa mumaboko, amasahani. Ariko insanganyamatsiko yagutse cyane, kandi bitewe niho hari littels ebyiri - "umuhinzi" na "Boyarsky". Umuhinzi agaragaza abakobwa-abanyamanswa mu gitambaro kandi izuba rikoreshwa n'amaguru, umuhoro, ibiruka by'indabyo, abungeri. Bonarsky - Intwari, Abanyanari, ibikomangoma, epic, biratangaje nintwari.
Guhitamo, ibipupe byose biva kumurongo ni inyuguti imwe. Kurugero, imwe muri Matryoshki yambere ("Maltinskaya") irimo imibare y'abakobwa n'abahungu batandukanye hagati yabo. Yaremye ibisese byerekana intwari zumugani. Kurugero, "SPAKA": Big Matryoshka yerekanaga sogokuru, ubutaha - nyirakuru, nibindi. Hariho Matryoshka yerekana abashyingiranywe n'abashyitsi. Ndetse no gukanda intambara yo muri 1812 (kutuzov, Napoleon) hamwe n'icyicaro cyabo.
Ariko ishusho izwi cyane ni abagize umuryango munini w'abahinzi.
Sergiev-Postad Matryoshki ni meza, buriwese muburyo bwayo arihariye, imiterere ntabwo ishyiraho urwego rukomeye, ariko icyarimwe ibintu byagaragaye. Ni izi zikurikira:
- itandukaniro rishya;
- ubuso bwa lackquered;
- Gushushanya birambuye kw'imyenda n'ibintu;
- Inkomoko ya buri kantu irakoreshwa;
- Imyambarire itambaza imitako hamwe nibintu byo gushushanya hamwe nimboga zimboga nibishushanyo byingingo ninziga (motley);
- Byinshi Byakoreshejwe muri Gilt;
- Nta mwanya udashoboka ku buso bw'igikinisho.
Igipupe gihora cyiza kandi cyishimye, hamwe no guhinduka kumasaya no kumwenyura gato. Yagaragaje ibiruhuko, umunezero kubana n'abantu bakuru. Matryoshka ntabwo yigeze ababara cyangwa ababaye.
Ibyishimo bye ni indwara, itumanaho na Matryoshki ni umuti mwinshi kugirango umeze nabi. Ahari niyo mpamvu iyi doll yuburusiya igitangaza yakunzwe kwisi yose.
Amateka Yiterambere
Matryoshka yamenyekanye mu Burusiya kandi yungutse ku isi ashimira ishusho, igikinisho cy'abikinisho cyatanzwe, kandi gishushanya umuhanzi mukuru Sergey Malutin.
MalyUtinskaya Matryoshka yari agizwe nimibare 8 yashushanyije muburyo bwa rubanda. Bagaragaje abana b'imyaka itandukanye. Igipupe kinini ni umukobwa ufite isake yumukara mumaboko, ikimenyetso cyumuhinzi gakondo cyubuzima bwiza nubutunzi. Ntoya ni uruhinja.
Iyi doll yatanzwe mu 1900 ku imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga i Paris Aho yatsindiye umudari wumuringa ahita akundwa nabashyitsi baturutse kwisi yose, bahindukirira ikirusiya.
By'umwihariko "gushyuha" icyifuzo cy'imyambarire ku Burusiya bwose, byavutse nyuma yigihe cya dyagilevsky. Igikinisho cy'Uburusiya cyatangiye kwakira amabwiriza avuye ku isi.
Kuva mu mahugurwa mato i Moscou, aho Stad yimuriwe mu bikinisho by'abaturage "- Serigiev pos. Ibihuru byaho bifite impano byahise bifata igitekerezo.
Kugeza mu 1910, muri posidi, amahugurwa menshi ya Masters hamwe na ba shebuja abikorera bari basanzwe bakora, barengeje igihe muri Artil. Abanyabukorikori bashizeho imibare yera, yumwimerere, aho hasomweho kwandika ukuboko kwihariye buri mwanditsi yasomwe. Hano hari abakobwa b'ubwoko, abana, n'intwari, abakobwa bakoresheje idubu, bambara n'intwari zidasanzwe. Ariko buhoro buhoro atangira gutsimbataza uburyo bwihariye - muburyo bwinshi, kubera ko igicapo cyarayokejwe, cyashushanyijeho, nkuko bibaho hamwe na misa, umusaruro hamwe nigitabo, umusaruro. Bimaze kuba bidashoboka gutandukanya ibipupe byashushanyije nabahanzi batandukanye, ariko Matryoshka yaje rwose "abantu".
Nyuma y'ifatizo ryo mu 1917, Sergiev Kustar Artel Artel yakomeje gukora, nubwo yahindutse mu gihugu. Mu 1930, yahinduwe kuri Zagorskaya, nyuma yo gusubiraho umujyi i Zagorsk. Imiterere yo gushushanya yatangiye kwitwa Zagorsk.
Mu 1960, hashingiwe ku gikinisho cya Artil, Uruganda rwa Zagorskaya, ruganda rukora ibikinisho No 1 "rwateguwe, aho hakozwe ibikinisho bitandukanye, kandi birimo Matryoshki. Buri matryoshka yasinyiye inzara, ariko imiterere yari ihuriweho hakurikijwe umusaruro wa "Stream". Matryoshki yose avuye kuri seti, nkuko bisanzwe, byashushanijwe kimwe kandi biratandukanye gusa ninshyi. Aba ni abakobwa bafite amababi yindabyo cyangwa ibitebo mumaboko yabo. Hamwe na ubu buryo, Matryoshka, atangira guhuzwa.
Mu 1992, uruganda rwiringiwe. Muri iki gihe, byitwa cjsc "ibihangano byibikinisho n'ibikinisho" kandi bishimisha n'ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa byabo ndetse n'abantu bakuru.
Ariko uyumunsi Matryoshka ntabwo ari uruganda gusa, nyamukuru gukurura Sergiev posada (Mu 1992 yasubije izina ryamateka) - Kuroba abantu babyutse. Hano haribintu byinshi byigenga bifite umuhanga mu mujyi, impapuro zirangi mu buryo budasanzwe. Barema ibikinisho haba mubyumba byabanjirije impinduramatwara kandi bigezweho.
Ibintu byo gushushanya
Ibipupe byo guswera byashyizweho umukono muburyo runaka.
- Ku mutwe w'abagore uhora ari igitambaro - ubusanzwe ni igitambaro, kiboshye, imisatsi ibiri irashobora kugaragara kuva muri yo.
- Imbere. Niba ishusho yinkuru ishushanyije, noneho iri kuri Apron.
- Oval amasura n'amaboko yarashushanyije "ibara".
- Igishushanyo mbonera kirambuye, ariko icyarimwe gisanzwe cyane, stulled, gisa nubuso bwa gishushanyo.
Nk'itegeko, irangi ryambere isura na pupron, hanyuma - casman na sundose. Mu mpera za Xyix, Gouache yakoreshwaga mu gushushanya, muri iki gihe cyacu harimo ubushyuhe, ibara ry'amazi, amavuta na aniline. Gushushanya bikorwa nta gushushanya mbere ukoresheje amabara 4-5: Umuhondo, ubururu, icyatsi, umutuku, orange.
Ibintu biranga gushushanya.
- Imitako ku myenda no kurohama. Iyi ni uburyo bworoshye bwa geometrike cyangwa imboga yimboga - amababi, indabyo, imbuto. Igishushanyo nkiki biroroshye guhinduka niba ukora brush hamwe nisonga, inzira ihagaze cyangwa agasigisigisigi.
- Imyenda hamwe nigitambaro gikunze kugaragara cyane hamwe na moteri - utudomo nuruziga rwashushanijwe gusa.
- Ibice byose byibice byose bishushanyije kumurongo wirabura cyangwa watwitse.
Amashusho yashushanyije mbere yo gushushanya ni ubutaka, nyuma - mubisanzwe bitwikirwa hamwe na varishi. Amanota ntashobora gusinyira kandi ntabwo atwikiriwe na vasheri, rimwe na rimwe irimbishijwe n "zahabu."
