Mu myaka mike ishize, urubyiruko rwatangiye gukurura imyuga y'abakozi. Nubwo imyanya y'ibiro iracyayobora kwamaranye, abarangije benshi batangiye gutekereza ku kubona umwihariko wakazi. Uyu munsi mu kiganiro cyacu tuzavuga nde ninde wumushoferi wo gucukura kandi akaba ari uwuhe murimo.
Amafaranga yihariye
Umushoferi - Umukozi, ufite inshingano arimo gushyira mu bikorwa inzira yo gucukura. Kenshi na kenshi, ibikorwa nkibi bifitanye isano no kumenya amabuye yubuhanga karemano (urugero, amavuta cyangwa gaze) cyangwa nubwo ubwenge bwabo. Umushoferi akorera mu buryo bute bwo gucukura, kandi nibiba ngombwa, gusana no guhinduka kubikoresho nkibi. Rero, birashobora kwemeza ko umurimo winzobere utoroshye kandi ufite inshingano. Umuntu ufite umwanya usa agomba kugira ubumenyi bwinshi bwubumenyi bwihariye, ubuhanga nubuhanga.
Muri icyo gihe, birakwiye ko tumenya ko, kimwe nundi mwuga, umwanya winzobere mugushinja ingwate zo gucukura zirangwa gusa nibintu byiza gusa, ariko nabyo biranga ibintu bibi.
Mbere yo guhuza ubuzima bwawe hamwe nukurwa, ni ngombwa kugereranya ibipimo byose.
Ibyiza byibikorwa byumwuga byimashini ya Rig Gucukura birashobora guterwa:
- Icyubahiro na status (ku butaka bwa federasiyo y'Uburusiya, akazi kajyanye no gukuramo amavuta na gaze bifatwa nk'abakirwa);
- Umutungo utimukanwa (umuntu ufite impamyabumenyi iboneye ntazaguma nta kazi, nkuko uyu munsi hari umubare munini wimyanya ifunguye);
- Umushahara munini (Ibihembo byimirimo kubikorwa byumushoferi wo gucukura utanga ubuzima bwo hejuru);
- Amahirwe menshi yo gukura kw'umwuga nibindi.
Ariko, usibye ibyiza, byongeyeho nibibi. Muri bo, akenshi byatanzwe:
- Inzobere isaba gusa mu turere tumwe na tumwe mu turere tumwe na tumwe tw'igihugu (bikurikiranye, kugirango tubone akazi bizakenerwa kwimuka cyangwa gukora uburyo bwo kureba buri muntu byemewe);
- Urwego rwo hejuru rwinshingano (niyo ikosa rito ryumukozi rishobora kuganisha ku ngaruka mbi zikomeye), nibindi.
Nkuko washoboye kumenya neza ko bikwiye ko umwuga urenze imbaraga. Ariko, kubantu bamwe mubidukikije bafite akamaro kanini kuburyo banze gukora. Inzira imwe cyangwa indi, ariko ni ngombwa gusesengura neza amakuru yose hamwe na nogence kugirango ufate umwanzuro kandi ushire ingano utazicuza ejo hazaza.
Inshingano
Umwuga usuzumwa winjiye mubuyobozi bwimigabane bumwe (cyangwa esks). Hano muburyo burambuye bwanditseho ibintu byose biranga hamwe nibiranga bitandukanye. Nk'uko iyi nyandiko, Inzobere zigomba gushyira mu bikorwa ibikorwa byabo byakazi hakurikijwe inyigisho zemewe aho inshingano zose z'umukozi zasobanuwe mu buryo burambuye:
- Gukora imirimo yo gucumura ku rubuga rwubwubatsi neza;
- ibikorwa byo gucukura amabuye y'agaciro;
- Guhitamo no gupakira bikenewe kugirango ubushakashatsi burambuye bwingengonge (urugero, ubutaka cyangwa ingero zamazi);
- gutwara ibintu bikenewe;
- Kubahiriza umutekano nibindi.
Rero, Ibisobanuro by'akazi - Iyi niyo nyandiko y'ingenzi. Buri mukoresha mugihe cyibibazo no kubazwa itanga abasaba kumenyera hamwe, kugirango usaba umwanya ashobore gusuzuma imbaraga zabo kandi asobanukirwe niba bihuye nayo. Muri icyo gihe, urutonde rwinshingano zatanzwe hejuru ntabwo rufunze. Buri mukoresha arashobora kuzuza no kubihindura ukurikije umwihariko wimihango yihariye. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inzobere mu rwego rwo hejuru igomba kuba ishobora kumenyera vuba no kumenyera.
Bikwiye kwitondera Mu kwanga gukora haba kubikorwa bibi byimirimo yabo, irigubazi rishobora kubaryozwa.
Kandi kubera ko umwuga ufitanye isano ningaruka nini ninshingano zihanitse, ntibishobora kugarura gusa cyangwa kwirukanwa gusa, ahubwo ni ibijyanye n'ubushinjacyaha.
Ubumenyi nubuhanga
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, umushoferi wa RIG agomba gukora urutonde rwose rwimikorere igoye nibikorwa. Kugirango bishoboke neza kandi neza, bigomba kugira ubumenyi bwihariye bwumwuga, ubuhanga nubuhanga, ushobora gutanga:
- Kumenya ibyangombwa, amategeko n'amabwiriza agenga ibikorwa byumwuga byinzobere;
- Kumenya amategeko agenga umurimo;
- Kumenya Isuku n'Isuku Amategeko;
- ubumenyi bwa gahunda yo mu nzu;
- Ubumenyi bwibikoresho nibiranga tekiniki byerekana ko rig aho imirimo itaziguye ikorwa;
- Gusobanukirwa ibice by'imyeni na masts;
- Ubushobozi bwo gushyira mubikorwa neza uburyo bwo gucukura (hamwe no guhitamo no kudahitamo cerne) mubihe bitandukanye byibidukikije;
- Kumenya ibyibanze byo guhagarikwa, kwishyurwa, Tampition, Bitunisation, gukonjesha neza;
- Ubushobozi bwo gukora imirimo yo gusana no gutanga akazi (bubaha ibikoresho bikora) na MN. Dr.
Byongeye kandi, bitewe nibisobanuro byimishinga yihariye, hamwe nibyifuzo byumukoresha Ibisabwa kubumenyi nubuhanga birashobora guhinduka . Ibyo ari byo byose, inzobere ntizishobora kugarukira gusa kurutonde rwibanze.
Birasabwa kuzuza ubumenyi bwacyo bukomeje, kimwe nubuhanga bushya kugirango ukomeze kuba inzobere mu Isoko ry'umurimo, ndetse no gutera imbere mu mwuga.
Uburezi
Kugirango wemererwe kumwanya wo gucukura injeniyeri, ugomba kurenga amahugurwa akwiye. Kenshi na kenshi, abakoresha bafata bakorera abo bakandida bafite impamyabumenyi y'amagambo ya kabiri yimyuga cyangwa ishuri rya tekiniki. Muri icyo gihe, ni uruhare runini ntabwo ari urwabadipodite gusa, ahubwo runabisuzuma. Rimwe na rimwe, abakoresha barashobora kwakira inzobere zatsinze amasomo yihariye.
Kemera cyane ko hakwiye kumenya ko inzira yo kwiga ari ingorabahizi kandi igoye. Rero, umunyeshuri agomba kwiga:
- igikoresho n'amahame yo gucukura ibinyabiziga n'ibikoresho bifitanye isano;
- Amategeko nuburyo bwo gushyira mubikorwa inzira zinyuranye;
- geologiya;
- Amahame agenga imashini zicukura;
- Kurinda umurimo na MN. Dr.
Mubyongeyeho, mugikorwa cyo kubona uburezi Bitabwaho byimazeyo kwimenyerezaga no kwimenyereza ibitekerezo. bikaba ari igice cyingenzi cyo kwiga. Nibikorwa byibikorwa bifatika abanyeshuri bamenya ubumenyi bukenewe buzagira akamaro mubindi bikorwa, kandi bakakira uburambe butagereranywa.
Birakwiye kandi kubona ko bidakwiye kuboneka kugirango ubone uburezi bwibanze gusa. Ndetse na nyuma y'akazi Birasabwa guhora dusura amasomo yihariye, amahugurwa n'imvugo yo kugezwaho amakuru agezweho mu nganda. Ni ngombwa kandi, bitewe nubushobozi bwinzobere, gusohora impinduka - kuruta uko biri hejuru, ninshingano hamwe ninshingano zifatika kandi byinjizwamo, hejuru, hejuru yimishahara yibikoresho kumurimo wa a Inzobere. Rero, umushoferi wo gusezerera kwa 3 mugihe cyo kurangiza imirimo yacyo akoresha mugucukura icyiciro cya 1, bigashyira motobra na portable ikozwe mumaboko. Muri icyo gihe, umukozi ufite hejuru - 6 - impamyabumenyi, agenzura uko imirimo iboneye n'abandi bakozi kandi ifite umwanya mukuru.
Ahantu ho gukorera
Nyuma yo gutsinda amahugurwa, inzobere muraho irashobora gusaba umwanya wumushoferi wungirije wuruzitiro. Ikintu nuko kuri iki cyiciro, umuntu nta bumenyi bukwiye nubumenyi bukwiye kugirango agere kandi yujuje ibyangombwa. Nyuma yigihe runaka (ukurikije abahugurwa nigikorwa cyinzobere), arashobora kujya kumwanya wumushoferi kandi buhoro buhoro (igihe kinini kandi hamwe namahugurwa agezweho) yongera gusohora.
Naho amashami y'ibikorwa bya muntu, akenshi abahanga mu by'inzobere bagira uruhare muri ibyo turere nk:
- Amavuta na gaze;
- ubucukuzi bwa zahabu;
- inganda za geologiya;
- Ubwubatsi nubushakashatsi, nibindi
Aho Abahanga barashobora gukora haba mu bigo bya Leta no mu miryango yigenga. Amahitamo yombi afite ibyiza nibibi. Kurugero, mubikorera hejuru cyane kuruta ibihembo byimirimo, ariko amashyirahamwe ya leta atanga amasezerano yuzuye.
Ukurikije ibyifuzo byawe byumwuga, urashobora kugumaho ubuzima bwanjye bwose nkumucucike, kongera isohoka ryayo, cyangwa wimuke unyuze mu nzego yumwuga. Rero, akenshi impuguke zigera kurwego rwubwubatsi nubuvuzi bwa tekiniki bwabato. Muri icyo gihe, hashoboka ibindi gukura bishoboka muguhabwa amashuri makuru.
Naho imiterere yumurimo itaziguye, ariko utitaye kumwanya wihariye wakazi biragoye. Birashoboka kugena urwego rwurusaku rwiyongera, kubaho kunyeganyega, gukora ku burebure, kurenza urugero, nibindi
