Igikorwa cy'ubukungu, ubukungu gikurura abantu benshi. Ariko gutegura gusa kugirango uhitemo amahirwe mubuzima akenshi ntusobanukirwe neza ibiranga ibikorwa byihariye. Niyo mpamvu Ni ngombwa cyane kumva ibintu byimyuga bijyanye nubukungu.
Urutonde n'ibiranga
Hariho imyuga myinshi ijyanye nubukungu nimari bifatwa Ikunzwe cyane.Umucungamari
Uyu mwanya ari ukwiye Ifungura urutonde rwumunyu n'amafaranga. Nubwo impinduka zose zibera mumyaka yashize, kandi habaye ibitekerezo kenshi kubikorwa bitari ngombwa byibikorwa, biba ngombwa. Usibye kubara, iyi nzobere ishinzwe gutanga imisoro. Ntabwo bigoye kumva ko mudasobwa iyo ari yo yose hamwe na gahunda zateye imbere cyane.
Ibi ntibisobanura, byanze bikunze, ibyo bitabazwa aho hatabaho tekinoroji yamakuru. Ibinyuranye, abantu bakora muburyo busa bagomba gushobora gukoresha umubare wihariye. Amabwiriza yemewe yabacungamari bemejwe muri buri shyirahamwe. Ariko, inzira imwe cyangwa undi, izi nzobere zihora zikora zifite ibyangombwa byibanze. Bishingiye kuri byo Ibikoresho byuzuye amakuru, raporo n'amagambo.
Buri gikorwa gishya cyo gutanga amasoko cyangwa kugurisha indangagaciro zifatika ntibinyura nta cyifuzo cyabakozi babarizwa.
Nanone, umucungamari agomba:
- Jya wishora mu kwizirika ku nshingano z'umuryango (n'inshingano umuntu wese afite mbere yuko umuryango usa);
- Kumenyera umushahara n'andi kwishyurwa kubera abakozi b'ikigo bayobowe n'amategeko ku nyandiko z'imbere cyangwa ku zindi mpamvu zemewe;
- Itanga ibyemezo bijyanye n'urwego nyarwo rw'umushahara abakozi bose babisabye;
- Kwitabira ibarura ry'umutungo (niba bihinduye impapuro zose zingana, ikiguzi kivanwe).
Ubukungu
Izina ryuyu mwuga ryerekana ko rikubiye mubyiciro byimirimo ijyanye nubukungu. Ariko Ni ngombwa kumva ko kwisobanura byinshi byihishe munsi yizina rimwe risanzwe. Ubukungu bukorera mu musaruro , yishora mu buringanire nyamukuru bw'amafaranga afatika n'amafaranga y'imari y'umuryango. Bizirikana ingano yibikoresho fatizo, ibisigara byububiko. Kandi akurikirana kugurisha, umusaruro, gutanga ibiti bishya byibikoresho byambere byambere byabaye injyana.
Ubundi bwoko - Ubukungu n'imishahara. Niba umucungamari ashushanyije ibyangombwa byumushahara, ubukungu bwibashya ninde nuburyo yakoraga cyane mugihe cyo gutanga raporo. Yemeza kandi ko inkunga zose zikenewe hamwe nibihembo bikenewe kugirango umushahara umukozi ashobora gusaba. Muri iri tsinda ryihariye ririmo abahanga mu bukungu kubiciro. Bakemuwe no kubara ikiguzi cyibicuruzwa na serivisi barangije, kubara ibiciro, nanone kubara urwego rwifuzwa - hanyuma ufate imyanzuro ikwiye kwishyura.
Biracyakenewe kuvuga abahanga mu bukunguka mu isesengura:
- Tegura imishinga yubukungu mugihe kizaza cya hafi kandi cya kure;
- Suzuma urwego rwo gushyira mubikorwa imishinga yatangijwe mubikorwa;
- Suzuma ibyifuzo byabanywanyi namahirwe yo kurengana mumibanire runaka;
- Menya uburyo imiterere yumuryango arizo zitera ibintu nuburyo bwo kunoza uko ibintu byagenwe.
Amafaranga
Ni Imwe mu myuga ihembwa menshi Ndetse no mu masomo yose yo mu "isi y'imari". Nuyu muhanga ukora ibikorwa bikomeye hamwe nubukungu. Kandi ntibitangaje rero kuba, abona ibihembo bikomeye.
Mbere ya byose, kubera gukomeza amayobera yubucuruzi, kandi ntabwo ikigeragezo cyo kohereza amafaranga agenda mumufuka. Abagore bakora inguzanyo, imirimo y'ishoramari hamwe nubundi bwoko bwibikorwa byisoko, kumurongo.
Ntabwo ari umucungamari kandi ntabwo ari umucungamari muburyo busanzwe. Ariko, ubuhanga muri ibyo byihariye muri ibyo byihariye ni ngombwa kugirango imikorere yuzuye. Amashuri Makuru yumwirondoro wubukungu nubukungu arakenewe cyane. Ntabwo rwose bigomba gushyigikirwa nibyagezweho mubikorwa byubuyobozi bwimari. Iyi ni imwe mu myuga igaragara cyane, aho bidashoboka gukora hamwe nuburyo bwumye nubuhanga bwimibare.
Ikibi ni umunyemari:
- ntabwo akurikiza uko amasoko yisoko, harimo bijyanye nigice cyayo, mpuzamahanga ndetse nagihugu;
- ntazashobora kumenya umwihariko wisoko cyangwa ishoramari mubibazo byiminota;
- biragoye gushyigikira guhangana n'ibicuruzwa byatejwe imbere;
- Ntabwo byerekana neza uburyo agace k'ibinyamakuru gakora, nkuko inyungu zijyanye nayo ziyemeje;
- Ntabwo bizashobora guhanura ibikorwa bishobora kuba inzego zimari zibibazo byose mubihe runaka.
Umugenzuzi
Umwuga nk'uwo ni muto kandi ukwiye kwitabwaho bidasanzwe. Bita Komiseri Abantu bakora ubugenzuzi bwibaruramari nizindi nyandiko. Ariko abagenzuzi nabo bakora inama yo kugisha inama. Biragoye cyane kwerekana ibikorwa byubukungu bugezweho badafite aba bantu. Hariho umugani usanzwe abagenzuzi bagaragara hamwe nabayobozi b'imiryango itandukanye kandi babafasha kwihisha. Birumvikana ko hari ibibazo bimwe byiterambere ryibyabaye. Ariko, muri rusange, umugenzuzi, ukomoka, ni inkuba y'abashinzwe umutekano. Ubugenzuzi bufite akazi cyane kandi bushinzwe. Kandi nyamara birashimishije cyane kuko bigufasha kumenyana na leta ishinzwe ubukungu bwa none.
Abagenzuzi Kora muri Leta, no mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi. Bagomba kwitondera cyane, kuko ikosa rito rishobora guhinduka ingaruka zidashimishije cyane. Nubwo byange byemewe. Amakosa atandukanye mubisanzwe ni ugupfukirana uburiganya cyangwa igikoresho cyo gukora. Abagenzuzi bigenga, bitandukanye na leta , zerekejwe mbere na mbere kudahana abakoze icyaha, ahubwo ni kuzamura imiterere no gutanga raporo mu ishyirahamwe kugira ngo bidatakaza.
Kenshi na kenshi, ubugenzuzi bukorwa ahabigenewe, kuko ntabwo inyandiko ari ngombwa, ahubwo nanone itumanaho nabakozi.
Isesengura ry'amafaranga
Isesengura ryimari - Mbere ya byose Uwibanze ku isoko risanzwe kandi arashobora gufata igisubizo cyunguka kumuryango. Iki gikorwa ni uw'abantu bashimishije kandi batekereza. Nanone byifuzwa cyane mumibare. Hatabayeho gusesengura imari, nta mafaranga akomeye y'imari mu ishyirahamwe iryo ari ryo ryose risabwa. Nubwenge bwabo bwo kuzirikana mbere ya bose kugirango tumenye umubare nyawo wingaruka nurwego rwakaze mugihe runaka. Bikekwa ko uyu mwuga wo mucyiciro "ari uburyo bw'ikimenyetso."
Ni isesengura Irashobora kuvuga ko icyifuzo cy'isoko kizaba gifite akamaro cyangwa kugerageza kubishora mu gutsimbarara ku gutsindwa. Niba uteganya gushora imari mu mushinga runaka cyangwa gufatanya na mugenzi wawe, cyangwa ugashimangira kuboneka munganda iyo ari yo yose, na none ugomba gusesengura ibyiringiro. Kandi nundi mashuri makuru nta bumenyi bwisesengura budashobora kugufasha gufata icyemezo cyiza.
Iki gikorwa kiri mu mico yingeso yimari, ariko kwitabwaho bidasanzwe kugirango usuzume bihagije kugirango ukoreshe kandi ugenzure neza ko ari ukuri kubara amafaranga yinjiza.
Abasesengura kandi barahuze:
- Gutegura no gusuzuma gahunda z'ubucuruzi;
- Gutegura ibyifuzo, uburyo bwo kugabanya ingaruka;
- Gusuzuma abahawe inguzanyo (cyane cyane bifitanye isano na banki);
- Guhangana imbaraga rusange mubukungu ninganda.
Ikindi
Kuri ibi, birumvikana ko urutonde rwu myuga yubukungu ntirarangira. Barashobora gutandukanywa na mirongo minini. Kandi umubare munini wibisobanuro byagaragaye gusa mugihe cyanyuma. Uru ruhare, kurugero, igice kirimo "umwanditsi wa tekiniki". Arimo akora inyandiko zisanzwe, ukurikije imirimo isanzwe ikemurwa mumuryango. Ibikorwa byubukungu nubukungu, birumvikana kandi bifite ibice byinshi "bisanzwe". Kubwibyo, barashobora kungurirwa.
Ibindi byihariye:
- Umusesenguzi w'ingaruka z'isoko;
- isesengura ritaziguye;
- umuyobozi urwanya cris;
- Umuyobozi wumushinga (kuri we ni ngombwa, birumvikana ko, uruhande rufatika rwishyirwa mu bikorwa rya buri mushinga);
- Umuyobozi w'ibikorwa by'ubukungu by'amahanga;
- Umuyobozi wa portfolio yishoramari;
- gukodesha inzobere;
- Umujyanama w'imisoro;
- Umugenzuzi wa gasutamo.
Ubuhanga buhanitse hamwe namashuri makuru
Urutonde rusange rwihariye rwihariye ni ngombwa, birumvikana. Ariko birakomeye birashobora kuba ibigize imyuga iri mumasoko azwi cyane. Kubamenya, kubura intego bizagora cyane. Kandi, byanze bikunze, Igikorwa cyumucungamari gisigaye kimwe mumico ishimishije yimari. Ntibitangaje no mu ishami rya kaminuza zigezweho n'ibigo byihariye bitondera cyane. Amafaranga ntarengwa ategereje "Abacungamari muri bumwe." Ariko ubu ni amahitamo afite akazi ganini cyane kandi arushijeruye afite inshingano zikomeye. Abatangiye bagomba gukora ahantu hafunganye kandi bagasezerana gusa mubikorwa bimwe. Nta muntu n'umwe wabashishikarije ibibazo bishinzwe. Ariko hamwe nibihe nkibi, amafaranga yinjiza arashobora kwemerwa.
Y'ubwinjiriro bwamaze kwita, UBUYOBOZI bushobora kugira amafaranga menshi. Mbere ya byose, bireba abafitanye isano no guhamagarira ikibazo cyamasoko cyangwa bahuze mumishinga ishimishije. Biracyavugwa Umucuruzi . Uruhare rw'isoko ryimigabane mu bukungu rukura rugenda rwiyongera, kandi dusuzume cyane umuryango utatangwayo, ntibishoboka ko umuntu azaba abakinnyi bo mu isoko ry'isi. Tutibagiwe, mbega ukuntu ibigo byunguka bifite amacakubiri yihariye mu masezerano. Igikorwa cyabakoresha gikoreshwa kandi cyishyuwe neza.
Ariko nta burambe bugomba kuba bukomeye. Abatwara ibicuruzwa kandi bahuze bafite uburenganzira bwo guhabwa uburenganzira. Uku kwihanganira bizafasha imyitozo yigenga.
Irindi yinjiza menshi rishobora kwakira:
- abanyamwuga ba banki;
- abacuruzi;
- Abagenzuzi b'imisoro;
- Abajyanama b'ubucuruzi;
- Abashakashatsi ubukungu.
Amabwiriza asezeranya nta mashuri makuru
Broker Urashobora gukora nyuma yicyiciro cya 11. Birashoboka na - na nyuma yicyiciro cya 9. Birakenewe gusa kwitegura mu kigo cyiza cyuburezi cyurwego rukwiye. Yahawe amashuri makuru, ibigo byigisha. Nibyo, ugomba guhitamo witonze. Ikosa rito - kandi twizera ko inyungu nziza mu rwego rwa gasutamo rwarasenyutse.
Ariko amahirwe menshi afite amashuri yisumbuye ahinduka umukunguma. Amahitamo menshi ni umujyanama wamafaranga nubwishingizi.
Ubwishingizi muri iki gihe bugenda burushaho kuba ngombwa, kandi leta itanga imbaraga zo kuyikwirakwiza. Bikwiye kurangiza urutonde rusange ruzaba UMWANZURO.
