Abantu bose byibuze bigeze bumva kubyerekeye akazi ka charchanic yimodoka. Ariko, birakenewe kumenya neza ibyo Prof avuga kuri uyu mwanya, washyizweho ibisobanuro bisanzwe byakazi. Umukanishi w'imodoka agomba kugira imico ye bwite, ubumenyi nubuhanga.
NINDE?
Igikorwa cyumutobe usobanura, kuburyo bukurikira izina ryayo, ubwoko bworoshye bwa manipulation hamwe nibice byimodoka. Byoroshye bivuze ko ishobora gukorwa intoki cyangwa gukoresha ibikoresho byibanze. Iyi nzobere irasezerana gusa no gusana ubwikorezi gusa, ariko nanone gupima tekinike. Abantu bamwe batekereza ko umukaniko wo gusana imodoka ari kimwe na Mechanic. Ariko iri ni ikosa rikomeye.
Ibiranga byihariye byakazi k'umukanishi w'imodoka - Kuba yihanganira imbaraga zayo mu gusana no gufata neza ubwikorezi. Bizakora kandi ibindi bikorwa byinshi na manipula. Umukanishi w'imodoka ayobowe n'umukanishi w'imodoka. Ikigaragara ni uko imikorere iranga aba nyuma yerekana ubumenyi bwimbitse kubikoresho byo gusana bigezweho no gusana ibikoresho byo gusana. Seleriri zibi cyane kuruta kwishora muri moteri nundi buvuzi bwa tekiniki yo gutwara.
Ariko, barashobora gushushanya imodoka, nibiba ngombwa - Akazi keza.
Gusana imodoka umukanishi Iyandikishe ku mukanishi w'imodoka kandi ukora amategeko yose ataziguye. Inzira yo gukora serivisi yimodoka mubisanzwe yerekana kwemerwa imashini zihagera na Mechanic. Isuzuma uko ibintu bimeze kandi itanga amabwiriza, uburyo niki bwo gusana.
Gukosora mubigo binini, nkumushigizi, ufite umwihariko.
Ibyiza numwuga
Umubare wimodoka niba utazakura, mubyukuri ntibizagabanuka. Kubwibyo, umubare winzobere ukorana nabo ntibagomba no kugabanuka cyane. Urebye ubwinshi bwimyuga yubutabazi, icyifuzo cyo kwerekana kandi abakanishi zimodoka baziyongera. Byongeye kandi, Inzobere zirashobora gukora hafi mumuryango uwo ariwo wose. Nyuma ya byose, nta musaruro, nta guhaha cyangwa imurikagurisha, kandi ntabwo ari bo badafite imodoka.
Umwanzuro uragaragara: ubushomeri mugihe cyo gusana impanuka mubikorwa byateganijwe hafi hafi ntabwo bibangamiye. Kubwimpamvu imwe Urwego rwinjiza ruzaba rwinshi bihagije. Ni ikihe kintu cy'ingenzi, umwuga w'imodoka ufite amahirwe yo "guteza imbere", shaka uruziga rushya rw'abo tuziranye. Umwigisha mwiza amenyeshwa ba nyiri imodoka mumujyi wacyo ndetse n'akarere. Ibi biragufasha kugabanya cyane kwishingikiriza kubakoresha runaka.
Bamwe mu bakatsi b'imodoka na Autoblese, kwandika uburambe, fungura imishinga yabo. Kandi aya masosiyete asana aratera imbere. Ariko, umwuga nkuyu ufite ingaruka zikomeye. Rero, bizaba ngombwa kugira ifishi yumubiri nziza. Byongeye kandi, gusana imodoka birimo akazi kenshi, gakomeye.
Abayobozi b'ubuhumekesha bazohora bababazwa kuva ku myuka ya lisansi, guhumeka hamwe nandi mazi ya tekiniki, reage. Urusaku no kunyeganyega nabyo biragoye guhamagara ubuzima. Igice cya manipuminis gikorerwa mu kirere, rimwe na rimwe mubihe bibi cyane.
Kandi ibyo byose bigomba kongerwaho no kongera inshingano zo gusana. Biterwa n'umutuzo wa nyiri imodoka n'ubuzima bwabo, ubuzima.
Gusohora
1 Gusohoka Umukanishi Gusenya imodoka zoroshye. Akeneye gutunga:
- tekinike y'ingenzi yakazi k'ubu bwoko;
- Amahame yo gukoresha ibikoresho byo kuvomera no gupima (sisitemu);
- Amakuru yibanze yerekeye ibyuma na lisansi na lisansi, kubyerekeye andi mazi ya tekiniki nimashini yo gukaraba mashini.
Abahagarariye umwuga wakazi nka Lockmith 2 gusohoka gukora n'amakamyo, igomba gusenya amakamyo akomeye (usibye kabuhariwe cyane kandi afite moteri ya mazutu). Inzobere nk'izo zirashobora gukorana na bisi zo mu mapiki nto na moto, hamwe n'imodoka zitwara abagenzi. Bakeneye kumenya:
- amakuru yingenzi mubikoresho byikora na moto;
- Amategeko yo guterana-gusezerera amakuru yoroshye;
- uburyo bwo gukorana nimbisha yimodoka;
- ibisabwa kugirango uhambire ibice bitandukanye;
- uburyo bwo gukoresha igikoresho cya pneumatic nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi;
- Amakuru nyamukuru yerekeye kwihanganira no kugwa, kubyerekeye impamyabumenyi no gukomera.
3 Gusohoka Mubidasanzwe Bwishyurwa Itanga uburenganzira bwo gukorana na Diesel n'imodoka igoye, bisi ndende, moteri. Abakozi nabo bafite uburenganzira bwo gukosora imirongo yishyurwa kandi bagahindura amakuru yangiritse. Bazashobora gusenya ibikoresho bigoye no kubikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Imodoka 3 yimodoka yiteguye rwose gukomeza gutunganya amakuru kurwego rwa 11-12. Birumvikana, ugomba kumenya ibipimo nyamukuru byubukorikori bwibyuma.
4 comptomer of Autoslemer isobanura hafi yubwoko bwakazi:
- kwishyiriraho camshafts;
- Kwisetsa kw'amashanyarazi amashanyarazi;
- Gusana no guterana ubwoko bwose bwa moteri;
- Kugenzura bigaragara kandi biteye ubwoba bwo guhinduranya hydraulic;
- Guhindura inguni yo guhuza ibiziga;
- Gukoresha hamwe na Gearbox, ibiraro na feri.
5 Kuramya Umukanishi Bashoboye guhinduka no kugerageza guhagarara no kuri chassis cyane cyane ibikoresho bigoye na node. Agomba kubahindura mu kubungabunga buri munsi. Uru ruhanga rushyiraho ibikoresho hamwe nibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigize, birimo. Akora kandi mu kigo kandi cyane cyane bwo gutunganya. 5 Umubare bivuze ko inzobere izashobora kumenya icyangiritse cyangwa yambaye ibice byunguranishwa, bizamenya izo ngabo kandi nkabikuraho.
Birakwiye kuvugwa kubyerekeye imutarujiya ya 6. Abayobozi nkabo barashobora gukora kumwanya no kuri chassis, bagereranya leta yumutwe munini nibikoresho. Basana imyenda yoroshye, shyira hamwe no kugerageza. Ukurikije ibyavuye mu mirimo, ibyakiriwe bikenewe no gutanga byatanzwe. Shebuja akeneye gutunga ubuhanga bwose bukwemerera kugarura ibice byimazeyo no kubakomeza.
Muri Esks, ibisigisi byo mu mashanyarazi n'amashanyarazi gusana ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi byanditswe. Gusohoka 2 Itanga uburenganzira bwo gusenya no gusana ibice bitandukanye byamashanyarazi. Inzobere zuru rwego rukora hamwe na tees, agasanduku noguhumanya. Kugurisha Ibyiciro 3 Korana na Amermeriters, Voletters na Selenimium. Bashobora kumarana nibikoresho byubunini buciriritse no kwishora mumirongo y'ibicuruzwa.
Imibare 4 yimibare kugirango isane amashanyarazi bisobanura kwitegura gukorana nibikoresho byamashanyarazi mubihe bikunze kugwa. Iyi gusohora itanga uburenganzira bwo kwishora mu buryo no kugabanya ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi. Mubisanzwe, inzobere nk'abo irashobora gukorera mu gutwara gari ya moshi. Basana kandi bashyiraho imikorere yigikoresho kinini cyamashanyarazi cya mazugu, amacumu yamashanyarazi. Kandi bakora imyitozo itandukanye na:
- Incuro;
- imbaho;
- imbaho z'amashanyarazi;
- Abakusanya ubu;
- ibikoresho bya moteri;
- umuriro;
- gahunda yo gushiraho;
- Abakusanya ubu;
- TurboGeretera.
Ukwayo, birakwiye kubwira moteri yo gusana moteri. Gusohoka 2 Itanga uburenganzira bwo gukorana nibice bya moteri kurwego rwimico 11-12. Masters ni ugutoranya ibice bya kabiri, umuyoboro wa peteroli, upima imitwe itandukanye kandi ukuza. Gusohoka 3 Emerera gukorana na enterineti ya barbine ya gaze, hamwe na moteri ya piston yuburyo bwose hamwe nibirango - gusenya no gukusanya.
Inzobere zuru rwego rwibice biragoye, zashyizwe kuri moteri ya kabiri yoroheje.
Ibisobanuro by'akazi
Ukurikije ibisobanuro bisanzwe byakazi, inshingano za Autoslemer ziri muri:
- gusenya ibice byoroshye;
- Kata chisel;
- gukata no kuzuza ibice;
- Gukaraba ibice;
- Umugozi wa reberi;
- Koresha amavuta kubisobanuro birambuye.
Nanone, umukanishi w'imodoka atuma gukata, kwinjiza ibice bitandukanye by'inyoni, igurisha insinga. Igenzura imikorere yibisobanuro bitandukanye ukoresheje ibikoresho nkenerwa. Kandi, ishyira ibikoresho hamwe na gahunda yagenzuwe, iyirimo kumurongo. Umukani wo gusana imodoka uracyasezeranye:
- amazi atoroshye;
- Kuringaniza ibice muri static na dinamike;
- gusuzuma no guhindura abantu batandukanye;
- kugenzura kubahiriza imitekerereze yibintu byikoranabuhanga;
- Isuzuma ryukuri bwinteko, gukosora ibipimo byagezweho.
Ishyirwaho no kuvana umukanishi wimodoka bikorwa ukurikije amabwiriza yubuyobozi bwumuryango. Gutwara iyi nyandiko ukeneye kuzura INGABIRE . Umukanishi w'imodoka ku giti cye ategura aho akorera, asuzuma ahari igice gisabwa. We na we yitegura imodoka kugirango asana, asesa kandi arahanagura. Inshingano ye ni uguhuza imodoka, bizakuraho akaga k'impanuka.
Kwemeza kubungabunga ibice bya buri muntu bikorwa birasangira cyane nabashoferi. Dukurikije ibyavuye mu kazi, umukanishi w'imodoka atanga raporo ku bisubizo, kubyerekeye ibisobanuro birambuye. Niba adashobora gukuraho impamvu zishobora gutera impanuka cyangwa impanuka, ategekwa guhita amenyesha ubuyobozi bwe.
Shebuja nawe agenda byibuze rimwe mu minsi yikizamini. Inshingano zayo zingenzi ni ugusohoza ibipimo byo kurinda imirimo, amategeko yisuku, gukoresha ibikoresho byo kurinda mu manza.
Ibisabwa
Imico bwite
Ibiranga ibiranga umwuga ni:- kwibuka neza;
- Byateye imbere.
- ubushobozi bwo gusesengura byihuse uko ibintu bimeze;
- Umusabane;
- Guhindura vuba;
- kwihangana kw'umubiri no mubwenge;
- gushushanya, ukuri.
Ubumenyi nubuhanga
Intumwa yemewe isobanura ubwo bumenyi nubuhanga nkiki:
- ikoreshwa ry'igitabo, ibikoresho bya pneumatike n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi;
- Kugenzura imikorere y'ibice bya buri muntu;
- Gusuzuma ubukana;
- Reba ireme ry'ibisige;
- Kugenzura igitutu cyinzira nyabagendwa n'amapine;
- Kugenzura byuzuye ibinyabiziga;
- Gutahura inenge zo hanze;
- Gutunga amahame yigikoresho cyimodoka zose, ibintu byibice byabo.
Amahugurwa n'Umwuga
Kuba umukanishi wimodoka, ugomba kujya muri kaminuza kuri ubwo buryo:
- "Gutwara Ubutaka n'ikoranabuhanga bisobanura";
- "Ubutaka bwo gutwara ibintu no mu ikoranabuhanga";
- "Kubungabunga no gusana ubwikorezi bwo mu muhanda."
Amahugurwa nkaya hamwe namahugurwa agezweho Impuzandengo n'imikoreshereze isanzwe ya kaminuza ya Baltique ya Cant, kaminuza ya Leta ya Sakhalin, kaminuza ya Saratov, kaminuza ya Vavilov. Niba byafashwe umwanzuro wo guhitamo neza, ni byiza kuyoboka Moscou, Nizhny Novgorod, Naberezhyayaya Chelinsky, ibigo byuburezi bya Izhevsk . Aho niho hariho urufatiro rwiza na serivisi. Ariko, ni ngombwa kumva ko umukanishi wimodoka, umukanishi wimodoka abaho nyuma yimyaka 2-3 yuburyo bukora. Kubwibyo, byifuzwa kureba imyanya mubikorwa byo kwiga.
Kenshi Hamwe numufasha wimodoka ya Mechanic. Uburambe nukuri kwiba. Umwanya nyamukuru urashobora kuboneka byibuze amezi 2-3. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kubara ku mikurire nini, hariho intambwe 2 nyamukuru - Umufasha na shobuja. Ariko igihe, imibereho irakura.
Umushahara
Umukanishi y'imodoka, nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, yakira amafaranga meza. Ugereranije, umushahara uva kuva kuri 20 kugeza kuri 80. Amafaranga akomeye yinzobere mu gice cy'Uburayi cy'igihugu kiri i Moscou. Byinshi, ariko, biterwa nigikorwa cyihariye no kurwego rwimpamyabumenyi. Muri Khmao na ynao, urashobora no kubona birenze kurenza umurwa mukuru (atari 50, na 55-56).
Hano hari imibare imwe:
- Akarere ka Tula - 43;
- Intutu mu karere - Ibihumbi 42;
- Dagestan - Ibihumbi 42;
- Karelia - ibihumbi 41.5;
- Akarere ka Kamchatatka - Ibihumbi 46.
