Gusaba Infortics: Ninde ukora kubwumwuga? Ni ubuhe buryo bworoshye mu bukungu? Kaminuza hamwe n'ishami, umufasha. Nuwuhe mushahara mubikorwa bitandukanye?

Gutezimbere byimazeyo amakuru yakoreshejwe nuburyo bugana ejo hazaza. Ikamaro kayo ntigushidikanya, kandi ibitambo byayo ntibigira iherezo. Abanyeshuri bafite ibitekerezo kubwoko nk'ubwo bwiyandikishije muri kaminuza bireba byijejwe kwakira ibihembo mu buryo bw'icyifuzo nyacyo cy'iterambere, akazi gashimishije n'uko amafaranga ashimishije.

Uyu mwuga ni uwuhe?

Gusaba ibijyanye nibisobanuro biragoye, ariko icyerekezo cyamahugurwa nibikorwa, kubera ko bireba mu buryo butaziguye ibibazo byo kumenyekanisha ibintu bishya mubuzima . Kandi ingingo yo guhanga udushya yigihugu cyacu irakenewe cyane muri iki gihe, kuko ishyigikiwe cyane kurwego rwa leta. Kubwibyo, kugirango ubone umwuga ukwiye urakwiye kwiga - umwihariko utanga ikizere.

Ku rwego rwa none, infortics ikoreshwa ni siyansi ku buryo n'ibikorwa byo kubika, gukusanya, kwimura amakuru no gutunganya no gutunganya no gutunganya no gutunganya amakuru ukoresheje imashini zo kubara za elegitoronike. Ijambo Informatik muri siyansi isoko yashyize ahagaragara inzobere mu Budage K. Steinbukh inyuma 1957

Infortics zigabanijwemo ibice bitatu.

Theoretical. Abayoboke bayo ubushakashatsi basuzuma amakuru, hamwe nintego yo gukora uburyo bwo gukorana namakuru. Ibi birimo: igitekerezo cyo gukingirwa, inyigisho ya algorithms, kimwe nimiryango ya porogaramu.
Kamere, kwiga inzira zo gutunganya amakuru mubwonko bwumuntu, societe na kamere.
Siyanse igereranya ibikoresho bya tekiniki niterambere ryitumanaho bikubiyemo ibikorwa byukuri bifite ibyemezo byimirimo ifatika. Icyerekezo cyo gusaba kirimo icyerekezo kinini, muri ibyo, urugero, ingingo zerekeye ubwenge bwubukorikori, imiterere ya mudasobwa kugiti cye, igishushanyo mbonera, kurinda imibare, ububiko hamwe na sofsie. Mugasi, guhinduka guhinduka bigira ibikorwa bigereranijwe kandi bitanga umusaruro, kandi rero byishyuwe neza. Muyandi magambo, ejo hazaza inyuma ya kano karere, kuko bitabaye, ntibishoboka gukemura imirimo ifatika mubuzima bwinshi.

Inzobere zikora iki?

Inzobere muri kariya gace zigarurwa mubice byinshi, kurugero:

Mu bukungu - Gusesengura ibikoresho byo gushyira mu bikorwa nyuma;
mu burezi - kunoza no gutera inkunga gahunda;
Mugushushanya - Ifishi ishyigikira ibishushanyo nabanditsi bashushanyije;
Muri jurisprudence - Kora software idasanzwe kugirango ukore imikorere yihutirwa kandi neza;
Muri sociologiya - societe yiga, gukorana nububiko bunini;
Muri chimic na fiziki - kurema no guherekeza gahunda zidasanzwe zitanga imideli.

Muyandi magambo, umukozi ufite ibyangombwa bikwiye arashobora kuba asabwa mubikorwa bitandukanye byabantu, bityo akaba afite akarusho kurenza abandi bakandida kandi bahisha imyaka myinshi imbere.

Ibiranga Amahugurwa

Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo kwiga muri iki cyerekezo nukubona ubumenyi bugezweho muri ibyo turere nka:

Gukoresha neza amakuru na sisitemu muburyo bwo gukora, gushushanya no kwikoranabuhanga, gusesengura, imitunganyirize nubuyobozi no mubindi bice byinshi byibikorwa byabantu;
Gushyira mu bikorwa ubushakashatsi bwubushakashatsi hagamijwe kuzamura iterambere ryamakuru aduco twihangana;
Gutezimbere kwerekana ibintu bitandukanye nibikorwa kugirango dukemure ibibazo byihariye;
Gushiraho no gushyira mubikorwa inzira zubuhanga mu ikoranabuhanga mugutezimbere imikorere idasanzwe ya serivisi yihariye na sisitemu.

Muyandi magambo, umukoresha uwo ari we wese muri uru rubanza yasezeranije inzobere mu murango mwinshi hamwe n'ubumenyi buhebuje bwa sisitemu ya mudasobwa n'imfatiro za Cyberney. Rimwe na rimwe, inzobere nk'urwo nazo zajyanye n'uburere bw'umwirondoro mu rwego rw'ubukungu, imiyoborere, uburenganzira. Umukozi ufite umwihariko ntashobora gutozwa gusa, gusesengura no gutegura amakuru yabonetse, ariko no gutegura ibigo bidasanzwe na software kugirango bakemure imirimo yihutirwa.

Kaminuza

Hitamo kaminuza ikwiye - umurimo utoroshye. Siyanse irarenze tekinike kuruta tekiniki, aho kwibakira, n'amaba y'ibigo by'uburezi bitegura inzobere ziyi profile, itari mike. Ubusanzwe ni ibigo byuburezi bifite icyerekezo cya tekiniki. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, icyerekezo gikunze kuboneka mu mashami mu kigo cy'ubutabazi cya kilotari cya kijyambere cy'ubutabazi cya kijyambere, aho abanyeshuri bashobora kurangiza imitsi ya santide, gari ya moshi cyangwa kuba inzobere cyangwa kuba inzobere.

Duhereye ku bigo byiza byo kwigisha muri iki cyerekezo cyo kwiga, turasaba:

Ikigo cy'ubukungu cy'Uburusiya. G. V. Plekhanova;
Kaminuza y'imari iyobowe na guverinoma y'Uburusiya;
Mepi;
Kaminuza y'igihugu ya kaminuza ya kirimbuzi;
Ikigo cyamakuru, ubukanishi na optics i St. Petersburg;
Ubuhanga bwa Tekinike ya Moscou;
Kaminuza yubuhanga bwa leta ya Moscow (Mami);
Ubushakashatsi bwa kaminuza y'igihugu "MIET";
Ubuhanga bwa tekinike ya Moscou na Infortics (Mtuci);
Kaminuza nshya y'Uburusiya;
Kaminuza y'imari iyobowe na guverinoma y'Uburusiya.

Urashobora kumenya uyu mwuga muri kaminuza cyangwa mumashuri ya tekiniki nyuma yicyiciro cya 9. Ibyibandwaho nyamukuru byamahugurwa bikozwe kuri mibare yibanze hamwe nubumenyi bwibanze. . Ibi bintu bifata ibirenze kimwe cya kabiri cyinzira zose zuburezi, igihe gisigaye gitangwa kuri disipuline rusange na densitariya.

Ibizamini

Niba wemerwa n'icyemezo gihamye cyo kwinjira mu ishami rya "Imibare ikoreshwa n'imibare n'imvugo", hanyuma hagomba gushyirwaho intambwe nyinshi zifatika zigomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa - Gukusanya ibyangombwa byose (siporo yigihugu, inyandiko yemeza ubwenegihugu, inyandiko ku burezi nubuvuzi); Kugira ngo unyuze inyandiko zegeranijwe muri komite ishinzwe kwinjira mu kigo cy'uburezi.

Birakenewe gufata ikizamini mumasomo atatu hamwe nibisubizo byiza (Ikirusiya, fiziki na mibare). Iyi ngero isaba kwihangana, intego, kuba indashyikirwa n'ubushobozi muri fiziki, imibare no gutangiza porogaramu.

Ibizamini byinshi mugihe cyo kwinjira:

Ururimi rw'ikirusiya;
Imibare ni ingingo yumwirondoro, muguhitamo kaminuza;
Fiysics - ku gutoranya Kaminuza;
Infortics n'amakuru n'ikoranabuhanga mu itumanaho (ICT) - ku guhitamo Kaminuza.

Igihe

Nyuma yo kurangiza amasomo 11, usaba arashobora kuza kumahugurwa yigihe cyose, igihe kizaba imyaka 4. Muguhitamo uburyo bwo kwandikirana cyangwa nimugoroba, kwiga imyaka 5.

Indero

Baholorality yerekana ubushakashatsi bwigitekerezo cyibanze gikenewe kubikorwa mumirima itandukanye. Ibi bikubiyemo kwiga:

amakuru avaho;
informatics na informettrics;
sisitemu idasanzwe yo gukora, itangazamakuru n'ibikonoshwa;
uburangare;
N'umutekano;
ubukungu bw'umuyoboro;
icyerekezo cya software;
ibitekerezo bya sisitemu;
Imibare.

Mugihe cyamahugurwa, umunyeshuri ategekwa kumenyana no gushaka ubumenyi:

muburyo bwo kwerekana no kunoza ibikorwa byakoreshejwe no gutanga amakuru;
mu gishushanyo cya IP;
Mubikorwa bijyanye no gukoresha IP (mugihe ubishyira mubikorwa, Kugena, imikorere);
mu mahugurwa no gutanga inama;
Mu gusuzuma ibidukikije, ikoranabuhanga n'itumanaho, ndetse n'ibiciro by'imari ku mishinga ijyanye no kwikora no gutanga amakuru;
Mu kwandika annotations, gukuramo, raporo, ibitabo mu cyerekezo kinini.

Amasomo yiga ibintu byibanze:

imibare yo hejuru kandi ishishikaye;
amasomo yoroshye ya fiziki;
Porogaramu, oop;
Gusaba amakuru;
Isesengura rikora;
Ububiko, ururimi rw'amahanga;
amasomo amwe yo gutangiza indimi;
Amateka ya federasiyo y'Uburusiya, ibidukikije, filozofiya n'umuco wumubiri.

Mu mwaka wa mbere, ubushakashatsi bubaho gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi gahunda z'ishuri hamwe no gukemura ibibazo byo kwiyongera.

Nkigisubizo, umunyeshuri aziga gutekereza vuba, guhanga kandi byumvikana, bakemurwa imirimo yakoreshejwe. Kubura Kwiga Muri kaminuza ni uguha amahugurwa afatika, bihagije muri kaminuza. Urutonde rwibikoresho byize mumashuri ya tekiniki ntabwo bitandukanye cyane. Igihe ntarengwa. Umubare w'ingengo y'imari uracungwa cyane.

Nkuko tubibona, igice kinini cyimyitozo hariya ihuriye nubuyobozi bwimibare hamwe nibisobanuro byisesengura rya sisitemu, moderi, intego, guhitamo. Byongeye kandi, abanyeshuri bamenyereza amasomo kubikorwa byibanze, imiyoborere no kwamamaza, kubara no kugenzura no kugenzura, physics, umutekinisiye, umutekinisiye, umutekinisiye, isomo ryumutekano, Ibyingenzi byemewe n'amategeko.

Ishami ritigisha ritanga amasomo ku mateka, filozofiya, ururimi rw'amahanga n'ubukungu. Itegeko muri gahunda yo gukora umusaruro no gukora integuro.

Mugihe cyamahugurwa, abanyeshuri bakira ubumenyi nubuhanga bukurikira mu murima:

imibare, fiziki nizindi tsinda;
kodegisi n'intego ishingiye ku kintu;
Igitekerezo cy'indimi zombi;
ubuhanga bukorana na basebasi;
Indimi z'amahanga;
byihariye mu ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'imirimo itandukanye;
Ibikorwa by'ubushakashatsi;
algorithms yiterambere ryikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kubara sisitemu na serivisi;
Kwigana ibintu nibikorwa kugirango bikemure imirimo ifatika.

Ni ibihe bice kandi ushobora gukora?

Mumwirondoro usuzumwa, hari imyuga myinshi mubikenewe, bityo birashoboka ko kubona akazi keza ari byinshi.

Abanyeshuri barangije ububasha barashobora kujya kukazi:

Isesengura - inzobere mu gukusanya no gutunganya amakuru;
programer - guteza imbere gahunda;
1C Inzobere mu gushyiraho no kubungabunga gahunda "1C";
IT Abayobozi - Inzobere mu igenamigambi, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga, gucunga amakipe;
injeniyeri yo kwipimisha - kugenzura ukuri kw'ibikorwa bya gahunda, kumenya amakosa mu kazi;
Umukoresha Ububiko - Serivise yububiko;
Umuyobozi wa sisitemu - Inzobere mu bijyanye n'imiyoboro yaho - Kwishyiriraho no kuvugurura software (ikoreshwa kandi buri gihe ibikoresho bya mudasobwa, amahugurwa ku bakozi ibikorwa bikwiye by'ibikoresho;
Impuguke z'umutekano w'amakuru;
Urubuga rwurubuga - Gutezimbere amikoro, imbuga za interineti, porsams (ibereyemo wenyine kandi umukiriya, na seriveri igice cyurubuga);
Igishushanyo mbonera - inzobere mugushiraho ibidukikije byumvikana biboneka;
Rwiyemezamirimo.

Ni ngombwa guhitamo amahitamo atanga icyerekezo kinini mugihe kizaza. Ibishoboka byakoreshejwe infortics biragumba.

Tekereza ku karorero ingingo ya porogaramu ikoreshwa mu bukungu , gufungura ntabwo ari ibibazo byubukungu no kwitoza, ariko nanone amahirwe yo kwerekana ibintu byinshi. Ibintu nyamukuru byibikorwa hano ni amakuru yumwuga. Turimo tuvuga ahantu: Amabanki, imigenzo cyangwa ubwishingizi, imiyoborere yubuyobozi, igenamigambi ry'ubukungu (iterambere rya software mu nzego nshya z'ubukungu, zitegura ibihugu bidasanzwe).

Ntabwo iguma ku ruhande no gushyira mu bikorwa isesengura rirambuye ry'amakuru yakusanyijwe, hashingiwe ku bitekerezo by'inzobere, bikaba ishingiro ryo guteza imbere ibyemezo by'imicungire. Ibi bivuga ubukungu bwubukungu, bufite ubumenyi bwibanze nubuhanga bufatika bwabonetse murukuta rwa kaminuza. Turimo tuvuga ahantu hakurikira:

Ububiko
shingiro ry'ubucuruzi;
uburyo bwo hejuru bwa plabling na siyanse ya mudasobwa;
Kubara Sisitemu
Itumanaho n'imiyoboro;
Gushushanya sisitemu rusange nagaciro makuru;
Imicungire, isesengura ryubukungu, ibaruramari nubugenzuzi.

Akazi n'umushahara

Nkuko dushobora kubona, icyerekezo gisuzumwa gitanga imyuga myinshi, ishyirwa mubikorwa muri iki gihe mumiryango nimiryango myinshi. Kurugero, muri it-sphere ni ibigo bitandukanye namashami yabo kugirango iterambere rya software ritoroshye, intangiriro nubuzima bwa ICT muburyo butandukanye. Inzobere zigezweho hamwe nubuhanga bukomeye bwo kuyobora burashobora kugera kumwanya wumushinga. Ingero zirashobora guterwa na misa, nicyo kibazo cyakazi cyijejwe kutagira ikibazo.

Amafaranga yinjiza abanyamwuga bakiri bato mubisanzwe atangirana na 25,000. Indangagaciro ntarengwa ziragoye, ibintu byose bikemura impamyabumenyi, umwanya wihariye, icyerekezo cyakazi numushinga runaka. Inzobere zifite uburambe bwimyaka 3 irashobora kubona amafaranga 100.000 (cyane cyane abategura programmers batunze gahunda 1C). Akenshi ibyo bahanga bakora cyane - interineti itanga ubwo amahirwe yose yo kwiyemeza.

Niba ubishaka, urashobora gukomeza kwiga mubufasha, ni ukuvuga kwagura cyane igihero cyacyo namahirwe. Amasomo ya Master agufasha gukora uburambe nyabwo, umenyereye inzira ziheruka kandi ibyagezweho bibaho mu nganda. Impamyabumenyi yagenwe ifungura inzira yo kwishyiriraho mu bijyanye n'ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.

Uyu munsi muri kano karere hari amarushanwa menshi yumwuga, amarushanwa numubiri nubusanzwe bishyirwaho namasosiyete manini. Mu kubigiramo uruhare, birashoboka rwose gukora ukwiye kandi ukavumbura amahirwe mashya yo kubona, kurugero, imyanya numushahara munini numwanya mwiza.

Byongeye kandi, impamyabumenyi yakiriwe y'abigize uruhare mu bintu nk'ibi irashobora gukingura uburyo bushya bw'iterambere mu mahanga, aho hari ibintu byinshi nk'ibi.