Uyu munsi ni inkuru ntabwo amahugurwa gusa, ahubwo ni na disipuline yubumenyi. Ibikorwa byinshi bifitanye isano nabyo, kandi bamwe muribo bareba mbere muyindi ngabo. Mu kiganiro, tuzareba imyuburo izwi cyane ijyanye namateka.
Amafaranga yihariye
Amateka ni siyanse yubutabazi, ikora mu bushakashatsi bwo kwiga iterambere ry'umuryango w'abantu no mubitekerezo byayo. Imyuga abantu bashobora gukora namateka, kimwe, nkubumenyi bwamateka ya societe hamwe nibyiciro byiterambere birakenewe kubwimico myinshi. Cyane cyane ubumenyi bwingenzi mumateka kuba bagiye gukora muburezi, politiki, ubuyobozi nu museko. Guhitamo ibikorwa bizaterwa nubumenyi bwungutse uburezi nubushobozi.
Amateka ni ingingo yagutse, bityo ntibishoboka kuba umunyamwuga mubyerekezo byose. Buri cyiciro cyihariye ibintu bimwe na bimwe bifitanye isano nundi cyangwa undi si. Kandi uhuza ubumenyi bwe gusa, urashobora kwidagadura ishusho yuzuye yubuzima bwabantu.
Tugomba gushimira abantu batemerera kwibagirwa amateka yabo.
Incamake y'imyuga
Urutonde rwimiyuba uko ijyanye namateka ni rwiza. Reba abashakishijwe cyane.Mwarimu w'amateka
Umwarimu wa siyanse yamateka arashobora kuba inzobere yakiriye amashuri makuru ya Pedagogi mu rwego rw'amateka. Umwarimu wamateka yabigize umwuga agomba kumva akamaro k'uruhare rw'uruhare rw'ingingo yacyo kugiti cya buri munyeshuri no gufasha abanyeshuri kwiga ubuhanga bwo gusesengura. Tuvuge ko tutamenya ibyahise gusa, ahubwo tuzirikana ubu, ndetse no guhanura ibizaza, bishingiye ku mateka. Umwarimu mwiza azigisha gusobanukirwa amateka no gutunganya kugaragara kwisi yose kera, kandi ntabwo ari ugutwara gusa amatariki yo gutangira. Ntabwo ari ngombwa gutanga amakuru ku bigishwa gusa, ahubwo no gutanga umusanzu mu gushiraho isi yose nindangagaciro z'umuntu n'umuco.
Amateka yabarimu yabigize umwuga agomba kuba afite:
- kwibuka neza kudasoma ibikoresho ku gitabo cyangwa urupapuro;
- Ubushobozi bwo gushyikirana no guhinduka kugirango ubone ururimi rusanzwe hamwe nabanyeshuri;
- Ubushobozi bwuburyo bwo gukwirakwiza bukenewe gukwirakwiza isomo;
- Urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwitondera ntirurangazwa ninsanganyamatsiko runaka.
Umwarimu wishuri, kimwe nubwayo umwarimu muri kaminuza, agomba kwitondera, erudite, aramba, arambye amarangamutima kandi afite intera nini. Ntiwibagirwe ko akazi hamwe nabana atari byoroshye, nkuko bigaragara. Ugomba kugira kwihangana no gusubiza ibibazo byamayeri mubitekerezo byanjye. Mu gihugu cyacu, umwarimu w'amateka arakenewe mu mashuri yose, igihe kinini, imikino ngororamubiri na kaminuza. Tuzakenera ubumenyi bwamateka n'umuco, kurugero, mumasomero, inzu ndangamurage na Archives.
Umuhanga mu by'amateka
Inzobere yishora mu bushakashatsi bwamateka. Yakoresheje ubumenyi bwe, arashobora guharanira ishusho yuzuye yibyabaye, bifitanye isano nubuzima bwabantu na leta, kimwe nabantu mubihe bitandukanye byubuzima. Abanditsi b'ibitabo bakunze kubwira abanyamateka kugira ngo bafashe, ibitabo byabo byari bifitanye isano n'amateka. Ariko, umwuga ntabwo woroshye nkuko bisa nkaho ureba mbere. N'ubundi kandi, ubumenyi ntibuhagije, ugomba kwegeranya kandi gusesengura buri kintu cyabonetse, mugihe wiga umubare munini wamasoko, ububiko, Ububiko kandi ugerageze kumenya uburyo amakuru yizewe.
Kugirango ukore umurimo wacyo kimwe, ubumenyi bukurikira bukenewe nabarinzi:
- Ubushobozi bwo gusesengura no gutekereza bwumvikana kugirango uhuze amakuru yabonetse mumyandiko imwe;
- Ububiko bwiza bwo gufata mu mutwe amatariki yose hamwe ninyuguti;
- ubushobozi bwo kumenya no gusenya neza amasoko;
- Gukunda ubucuruzi bwawe nubushobozi bwo gukora neza no kujya impaka kubitekerezo byawe.
Abahanga mu by'amateka ntibasabwa mu burezi gusa, ahubwo no mu bumenyi bwa siyali, umuco n'ubushakashatsi. Abahanga bazahinduka abafasha ku banyamakuru n'abanditsi benshi, ingingo n'ibitabo bifite amateka y'amateka kandi bakeneye amakuru yizewe kubyabaye byasobanuwe.
Amoko
Abagometse ku bushakashatsi barimo amoko yabantu ku giti cyabo. Ubushakashatsi burimo gusesengura, umuco w'igihugu, imigenzo n'inkomoko. Bibaye ngombwa, inzobere iganisha ku kugenda no kwimura abantu, kwitegereza ibitekerezo by'amadini na politiki byahindutse bitewe n'aho atuye. Abagome kandi biga ururimi n'abaturage kubaka igihugu.
Mu bushakashatsi bwabo, bashingira ku bintu bifatika, nk'imyenda, imitako nibindi bintu byo murugo. Umutegarugori akora ibizamini bitandukanye, akora hamwe n'umurage w'amateka, akora amatora, ni amakarita ya ecornographic. Ibikurikira nibyingenzi kuri abahanga mubuhanzi:
- Ubushobozi bwo gusesengura amakuru yakusanyijwe;
- Gukunda Ubushakashatsi;
- Ubushobozi bwo kwerekana ko bubishaka;
- Ubunyangamugayo, kwitondera amakuru arambuye.
Abanye edini babigize umwuga bakeneye ninganzu ninzego zamateka zifite ubushakashatsi. Dukoresha ubuhanga bwabo hamwe namasosiyete yubukerarugendo, hamwe no mubitangazamakuru.
Ni ubuhe butumwa bujyanye n'amateka n'andi masomo?
Usibye umwihariko ufitanye isano itaziguye namateka, hari umwuga aho ubumenyi bwukuri bukenewe mu buryo butaziguye, ariko icyarimwe ni ngombwa.Ubuvanganzo
Amateka nubuvanganzo bikunze kugaragara kurenza uko bisa nkaho aribonera. Mbere ya byose, ubwo bumenyi bwaba byombi ni buntu, bisaba gutanga ibitekerezo bishoboye, ubushobozi bwo gusobanura ibyabaye kandi bafite ububiko bunini. Urugero rutangaje cyane muri kano karere ni abanditsi ibitabo byeguriwe amateka nyayo. Abantu bahora bashimishije gusoma ibyahise, ariko niba ibintu nyabyo bivanze nibihimbano byubuvanganzo, igihangano nyacyo gishobora kubona. Nk'urugero, "Intambara n'amahoro" L. N. Tolstoy cyangwa Taras BLBA N. V. GOgol.
Sosiyete
Imwe mu byifuzo nyamukuru muri uru rubanza ni siyanse ya politiki. Umuhanga mu bya politiki yabigize umwuga akora mu gusesengura ibikorwa bya muntu, yiga gahunda yasobanuwe muri politiki ibaho muri iki gihe no guteza imbere ingamba z'iterambere ry'igihugu. Ariko, kugirango tusobanurize ibyabaye ibyabaye muri leta, ni ngombwa kumenya uburyo inzira za politiki zabaye kera. Impuhwe zishakisha ibintu bya politiki muminsi hanyuma ubigereranye nibibazo bisa mubihe byashize. Ibi biragufasha kubaka urunigi rwintangarugero rwiterambere nibisubizo bizakurikira kubindi bikorwa.
Abasesengura rya politiki bakeneye:
- Ubuhanga bushoboka gusesengura no gukusanya amakuru;
- Gira kwibuka cyane kumatariki nibyabaye;
- ubushobozi bwo gufatanya no kuvugana nabantu;
- Kuvuga ibishoboka byose ibitekerezo byawe kandi ugaragaze igitekerezo;
- Ubukonje na Charisma, bizemerera gutangaza abaturage.
Inzobere mu bijyanye na siyanse ya politiki zirakenewe mu miryango itandukanye ya Leta, imiryango ya Leta n'ingabo.
Ubuhanzi
Abahanga mu by'amateka y'ubuhanzi bakora imirimo y'ubuhanzi bwiza. Buri nzobere, nkitegeko, impongo mugihe runaka cyangwa icyerekezo. Bagerageza kwiga guhanga na bo nkuko bishoboka cyane kugirango nyuma bahinduke umuhanga muriki gice kandi bakora nkumuhanga mugusuzuma ibintu byubuhanzi. Uyu murimo usaba ubwitonzi nubumenyi bwimbitse. Ni ngombwa gushakishwa no gushobora gusesengura akazi, kuko akenshi hari igihangano cyihariye gikeneye gushimishwa neza kugirango wumve agaciro nyako.
Kuri uyu mwuga, ubuhanga bukurikira burakenewe:
- gukunda ubuhanzi;
- kwitondera ibisobanuro birambuye;
- horizons yagutse;
- kwibuka neza;
- Ubushobozi bwo gusesengura.
Uyu mwuga utagisanzura mungoro ndangamurage gusa, ahubwo no mu bakozi bikorera, abanyamakuru n'abanditsi. Uzahora wishimye muri galleries nubushakashatsi.
Astrono
Abantu benshi ntibemera ubuhanuzi bw'ikirere kandi bafata nk'ubusa, nubwo, niba wimbitse gucukura kera, urashobora kwiga byinshi bishimishije kuri ubu kandi ejo hazaza hatewe niho hateganijwe imibumbe. Birumvikana ko ibi bireba abaragurisha inyenyeri babigize umwuga bakorana nibyiciro byingenzi, kandi ntabwo ari kubuhanga mubuhanzi bukora imiterere yambere kubantu basanzwe. Buri mwaka kurushaho kwemeza ko aho imibiri yijuru igira ingaruka mubuzima bwabantu.
Abahanga mu bumenyi bw'ikirere bashoboye guhanura no gutanga isesengura ry'intangarugero mu iterambere ry'ibyabaye, bagereranya umwanya usa n'imibumbe bifite amateka yamateka kuva kera. Muri uyu mwuga ni ngombwa cyane:
- Pedanticity no kwitabwaho ku buryo burambuye;
- Ubushobozi bwo gukora isesengura, kwibanda kumakuru yakiriwe kubyerekeye ibyabaye kera;
- Ubumenyi bwimitungo ningaruka zumubumbe.
Inzobere muri iyi sishiya zirakenewe mumiryango ya politiki n'imiryango ya leta. Nibyiza bizaba ubuhanga bwabo no kubitangazamakuru.
