Incamake yumutungo kubakobwa bazemeza neza ko hari umwihariko wihariye wihariye bigoye gukora. Ni ngombwa guhangana mbere, ni ubuhe buryo bwiza kubakobwa nu myuga igezweho kubagore. Igomba kandi kwitabwaho ko ku myanya imwe n'imwe ishobora kuyoborwa nyuma ya 9, naho ibindi bice byo kwitegura bizakenera iherezo ryubutwari bwishuri.
Ni ubuhe butumwa bukenewe?
Kubakobwa, hari umubare munini wibisobanuro bitandukanye. Ariko byaba ari amakosa kwibanda kubyo aribyo byoroshye cyangwa gufata umwanya muto. Nibyiza cyane gushakisha ayo mahitamo azatuma bishoboka cyane gukora. Hanyuma, birakenewe gukora reservation ko icyifuzo kidahora gihwanye numushahara munini. Gakondo, umubare wimyuga urimo pedagogy. Benshi bishimira ibikorwa nkibyo ninjiza make, inshingano nyinshi nimpagarara zubwoba.
Ariko, ntabwo byose ari bibi cyane: hari imyanya ikomeye cyane, cyane cyane mubikorera. Ubwoko bwose bw'abarimu, harimo uburezi rusange, umwirondoro wa kaminuza, kimwe n'abakozi b'incuke n'ibigo bikosora bakoresha icyifuzo cy'abakoresha. Yegeranye kubikorwa bya Pedagogi no gukora mumafaranga yo gucunga amashuri - ariko, ahubwo ni umushyitsi wubuyobozi, kandi ntabwo yiga.
Bisa na pedagogy ibintu - murwego rwo kwitaho:
- cyane cyane "igitsina gore";
- ugereranije umushahara woroheje ufite umubare muto;
- urwego rwo hejuru rwinshingano;
- Ibikenewe ni impuhwe zisabwa nindi mico myiza yumuntu.
Kandi umubare munini wabakobwa nabagore bajya mwisi:
- imisatsi;
- Abacungamari;
- Abanyamabanga;
- abagurisha;
- abakozi basomero;
- Abajyanama ba terefone;
- Cashiers;
- abakozi ba serivisi zerekana;
- Abakozi ba banki n'abaposita.
Gusubiramo ubuhanga bwishyuwe cyane
Ariko birumvikana, birumvikana ko shyira intego atari ugukora, ahubwo ufate umwanya numushahara mwiza. Kandi imyanya nk'iyi ntabwo ari gake cyane, bitandukanye n'ibiteganijwe. Byongeye kandi, benshi muribo bavuga rimwe na rimwe mugice kibanziriza. N'ubundi kandi, abacungamari, n'abanyangarugero (stuliste), n'abanyamabanga, ndetse n'abandi bakozi bo mu biro barashobora kwakira amafaranga meza. Benshi mubisanzwe babona abari murwego rukomeye mumuryango munini ukorera mumujyi munini. Cyangwa mu kigo kijyanye no guteza imbere vuba, urwego rwiza rw'ubukungu.
Ariko ugomba guhuza, birumvikana, kurushaho kwiyongera. Noneho, abanyamabanga bamwe kugirango babone umushahara munini ugomba kuvaho rwose ubwoko bwa "Ikawa PedCutter". Tugomba guhora dukura muri gahunda yumwuga, kumenya ururimi rwakazi n'indimi z'amahanga (ntabwo ari Icyongereza gusa), kugirango dusobanukirwe n'imiterere n'ibikorwa by'umuryango, mu bindi byinshi. Kuvuga neza ibyo iyi plank idashoboka, ariko kuba abanyamabanga bahembwa cyane ni abashobora kugira ikiganiro kimwe numuyobozi wishami, usobanukiwe neza ibyo ubabwiye.
Hariho, ariko, nibindi byihariye. Muri bo - inzobere mu guhitamo abakozi. Tumaze kumenya uyu mwuga, urashobora gupfunyika ibirego byabakoresha ku banyandida kugirango babone ubutoni. N'ubundi kandi, ibyo biruta, serivisi yemewe kandi idafite intego.
Ugereranije, abakozi bayo bahabwa ibihumbi 50-60, no i Moscou, igice i St. Petersburg, inzobere mu ishami rikuru ry'ishami ry'abakozi barashobora gusaba igipimo cy'ibihumbi 120.
Umubare wurugero rwumugore harimo ibikorwa byabagenzuzi. Amashyirahamwe ayo ari yo yose, amashami, inzobere arasabwa kugenzura - kandi inzego z'ubucuruzi ziteguye kwishyura ibikorwa by'abagenzuzi neza. No mu mijyi mito, imyanya myinshi y'abagenzuzi bafite amafaranga ibihumbi 30 arakinguye. Gukorera muri kariya gace, ugomba kwiga witonze:
- Akazi kavukire rusange nimari;
- ibaruramari;
- Shingiro ry'umuryango w'ahantu;
- ishingiro ryibanze;
- Amategeko y'imisoro.
Byongeye kandi, "dipolome" gusa hano ntabwo itandukanijwe hano - muri buri kimwe muri ibyo bikoresho hari byinshi, bikaba byigishwa ahantu hose kandi bishobora gutorwa mubikorwa gusa. Ariko abagenzuzi buri gihe bakorera mu nyubako, mubihe byiza. Birakwiye ko tumenya ko batabonye ibibazo gusa. Rimwe na rimwe, abagenzuzi bashishikajwe no gukumira ibirenze, kugeza igihe aba nyuma batagize umwanya wo gukura ku isi yose, ku byifuzo. Birumvikana ko hari muri izi ngingo zinzobere mu by'imbere:
- Bamwe bahanganye nibibazo by'imisoro;
- Abandi bashaka gutandukana mumatangazo yimari;
- Icya gatatu - reba ibice n'amashami rwose.
Umunyamategeko arashobora kandi gukoreshwa kumushahara munini. Birumvikana ko tutavuga ku mashami atotse y'amategeko, ahubwo tuvuga inzobere mu inararibonye mu rwego rw'Amategeko mbonezamubano cyangwa rusange. Kwemeza kandi:
- Abavoka bagizi ba nabi (ariko nyuma yibikorwa byinshi hamwe no kurindwa cyane);
- Abanyamwuga mu rwego rw'ubucuruzi mpuzamahanga cyangwa amahanga amwe (ariko, haba muche icche rufunganye cyane);
- noteri;
- Abacamanza (akazi kabo ntirwashyuwe cyane, ariko natwe uherekejwe nizindi nshingano).
Ariko nyuma yurukundo rwinshi rwa psychologue runaka yarayobye. Ishyirwaho ryagabanutse, kandi ntirikenewe kubara kumushahara ushimishije. Ibidasanzwe ni gusa abasanzwe bafite uruziga rwabakiriya basanzwe cyangwa biteguye kubikora kuva bakurukira. Ariko haracyari imyuga mibi-ihenze ishobora gumenyererwa mumyaka 40 ndetse nyuma gato. Ibi bireba:
- Ibigo bya mukerarugendo (nubwo, bijyanye nibyabaye bigezweho, iyi si nabonye inkoni ikomeye);
- Icyizere (ntabwo ukora imirimo gusa, ariko usezerana mu guhanga ibiryo);
- Kora muri serivisi yimisoro, ikigo cyinshi, ikigo cya leta cyamahanga, aho abantu benshi bashushanyije;
- Igikorwa c'intoki (icyifuzo cy'indabyo n'ibitaka ntibishoboka ko ujya ahantu hageze no mu bihe bigoye);
- Ibizamini bya software;
- Abubahiriza;
- Abakozi b'ubwishingizi.
Imyuga ihanitse ihanitse
Igipimo cyibisobanuro bitangaje kandi byihariye kubagore bafite ishingiro ryuzuye numwanya wumuyobozi ushinzwe iterambere ryubucuruzi. Iyi nzobere abashinzwe cyane cyane kubungabunga umubano uhamye nabakiriya. Umwanya wagaragaye vuba aha bisobanura guhuza ibikorwa byumuryango wose, kimwe mu mashami yacyo n'ibice. Umwuga nk'uwo uragoye cyane, ariko nanone ushimishije icyarimwe.
Igice kijyanye nishirahamwe ryumuyobozi ushinzwe igenamigambi hano; Ibi akenshi ukuboko kw'iburyo k'umuyobozi mukuru cyangwa nyir'isosiyete. Abayobozi nk'abo nabo baratera imbere, ariko murwego rwo gusuzuma uko ibintu bimeze muri rusange no guhanura impinduka zishobora gutuza mugihe giciriritse, icyerekezo kirekire. Abaremwa ba software nabo barashobora gufatwa nkabantu batsinze bihagije. Nibyo, iterambere rya gahunda ntirikura bikabije nkuko byari imyaka 5- ishize. Ariko, yageze ku gipimo kinini, kandi aho hantu habonetse abantu bose bafite ubumenyi bukenewe ku rwego rwiza. Undi mu mbonerahamwe yicyubahiro ya digitale iri hejuru ni injeniyeri yamakuru namakuru.
Igikorwa nyamukuru nukureba ko ibikorwa remezo byo gutunganya no gusesengura amakuru bihaze ibyifuzo byubuzima bwa none. Andika gusa kode yububiko, ndetse ushireho ibisabwa kugirango imikorere yayo ntishobora.
Birakenewe guhora dukurikirana iki gice cyibikorwa, bitabaye ibyo ntibizashoboka:
- Ongeraho amakuru mashya;
- Kuraho no guhindura inyandiko zambere;
- hindura ibirimo tekiniki;
- Kuraho amakuru hanyuma uhindure uburyo bwo kwerekana kubisabwa.
Gusubira mu mpuguke mu buyobozi, ni ngombwa izina n'abayobozi bashinzwe ibicuruzwa. Bakeneye gukora ibitekerezo bishya, menya inzira yo gukomeza guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bishya byubucuruzi. Duhereye kubo bamwuga tubategereje ko bafasha kongera amafaranga ninyungu rusange. Bisaba gusobanukirwa gusa mukwamamaza gusa, kwamamaza no kugurisha, ariko nanone mubiranga ikoranabuhanga, gutunganya umusaruro. Bitabaye ibyo, ibyifuzo byabaguzi ntibishobora kunyurwa - igihe byashobokaga gushyira mubikorwa "byibuze ikintu gikenewe," bidasubirwaho.
Ukwabo, nubwo byumvikana ko byumvikana byumvikana nu mwanya. Nubwo igihombo cyiza cyurukundo (nubwo nicyo kuvuga ...), ubusobanuro nkibi bukomeza kubisabwa. Byongeye kandi, imikurire ibasaba irateganijwe, kuko imitwe yinkoko ya cosmic nuburyo bwa tekiniki bukurikizwa. Birumvikana ko kugirango ujye kuri orbit yisi (kandi mugihe kizaza - ndetse no kure), bake ni bo bonyine bazabishobora. Ariko hariho ubundi buryo - kurugero, kora mu indorerezi z'ikirere; Reka umushahara ntuhama, ariko ni amahirwe meza yo kuvumbura no kuba icyamamare. Kandi urashobora kugenda ikindi: Kumenya umwuga wa injeniyeri winganda zumwanya. Ubwubatsi no gushushanya inkunga yindege nayo irakomeye kandi yishyuwe ntabwo ari mbi.
Dukeneye mu nganda zo mu kirere n'abashakashatsi b'ubwubatsi. N'ubundi kandi, ni bo bonyine bashobora gutanga kubaka no gusana inzego zo gutangiza, ibikorwa remezo bitandukanye.
Ikintu gishimishije kandi cyo guhanga
Uruhare rwo gutekereza ntirugoye gukemurwa murwego rwubuhanzi. Birakenewe kimwe:
- Abanditsi;
- Inyandiko;
- abayobozi;
- abakinnyi;
- Abahanzi ba Siperu;
- Grimers;
- imyambarire;
- Abahanzi;
- birerekana;
- Abafotora b'ubuhanzi.
Abantu bamwe bashishikajwe nimyuga isanzwe idafite amashuri. Icyitonderwa: Turimo tuvuga kubyerekeye amashuri makuru gusa; Nibura amasomo cyangwa amahugurwa yisumbuye agomba kuba akenewe. Iyi senrarge iragwa:
- abakora abihariye bose;
- icyitegererezo cy'imyambarire;
- Abahanzi;
- Abanyabukorikori;
- Choreograpfer;
- Radiyo;
- Abatanga amanota ya TV;
- Abanegura muri firime;
- injeniyeri;
- Ashushanya mu byerekezo bitandukanye.
Ariko ni ngombwa kubyumva muri ibyo bikorwa byose, ntakibazo, kwimuka cyangwa kwicara, bishoboka murugo cyangwa bisaba gusura aho ukorera hantu, kuboneka kwa dipolome bizakomeza kuba wongeyeho.
Kubwibyo, ugomba gutekereza inshuro eshatu mbere yo kwihutira gushaka akazi udafite uburezi. Inyungu ndetse niko amashuri makuru azagura abavoka no gukora ibikorwa byo guhanga bitanga umusaruro kandi ukize. Igice cyo guhanga ibisobanuro biragereranijwe kandi bifitanye isano. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kugabanya gusa umwuga wabakinnyi mubyiciro bitandukanye, nubwo iki gice cyo gusaba kidakenewe kwirengagiza rwose kariya gace.
Birashoboka rwose kugerageza ukuboko kurutonde rwabatanze ibitekerezo. Abanyamwuga beza b'ubwoko nkubu bafite agaciro cyane. Icyitonderwa: Birakwiye kwitegura iminsi idasanzwe. Ibindi byihariye:
- Umutoza;
- Umukinnyi wa siporo (Gutanga abakinnyi kubona amarushanwa, amakipe);
- Umunyamategeko wa siporo;
- Imiti ya siporo;
- Greencepers (yishora mu kuva mu mirima n'ibiremwa);
- Imitekerereze ya siporo;
- abakemurampaka;
- Umuyobozi w'ingoro ya siporo, stade cyangwa siporo.
Abakobwa barashobora kugerageza ubwabo kandi nkihuza. Uyu munsi, iki gice cyibikorwa biroroshye cyane kuruta imyaka mike ishize, kandi ntibigisaba byinshi byumurimo wumubiri. Byongeye kandi, umubare wubwoko bwitumanaho wiyongereye cyane, kandi ukenewe cyane inzobere zujuje ibyangombwa muri kano karere. Akazi karashobora kuba muri:
- Kwishyiriraho;
- Gushiraho;
- gusana;
- Serivisi ya buri munsi no guhuza imirongo yitumanaho, imurika.
Ariko urashobora kwitondera imyuga ya kure. Kurugero, ku mwanya wa marketer ya interineti, kuko gukenera gukurura abakiriya biba bikenewe gusa buri mwaka. Cyane cyane gusezeranya kwamamaza kuri enterineti. Ubwoko bwihariye - Umuyobozi wa SMM. Inyandiko yo kuzamurwa kumurongo itangwa nabanditsi hamwe nabanditsi; Kuruhande rwanditseho ya monotonogox rwanditswe kandi hafi yo kwamamaza, ibyishyurwa.
Birakwiye kandi kuvuga:
- SEO;
- abitegura urubuga;
- Umuhanga mu makuru.
Incamake yamahitamo nyuma yo kwiga
Nyuma yicyiciro cya 9
Kubakobwa nyuma yicyiciro cya 9, hariho amabwiriza atandukanye yakazi. Kandi ntabwo dukurikiza ubucuruzi gusa, kubuntu cyangwa gusukura ibibanza. Kwagura ubushobozi bwayo bifasha imyitozo mu kigo cyihariye cy'uburezi. Umwangavu uwo ari we wese hashobora gutangwa kugirango ashishikarize kuri:
- Abatetsi;
- ifunga;
- inganda zakazi (hamwe nibisobanuro byinshi);
- umushoferi;
- umutetsi;
- Umwihariko wubwubatsi;
- tekinoroji;
- Umukunzi wa Metrologue;
- Umukozi ushinzwe imibereho myiza.
Nyuma yicyiciro cya 11
Kuba mu bihe biri imbere bifite ibikoresho bya societe, umukobwa ni byiza kumenya amasomo yuzuye ishuri. Ibi bifungura amahirwe yinyongera kumahugurwa yihariye cyangwa iterambere ryigenga ryimibare myinshi. Ibi ni ahanini ku bumenyi:
- cosmetologue;
- Igisonga;
- Veterineri;
- imibare;
- Merchande;
- farumasi;
- umuyobozi;
- Inzobere mu rwego rwo kurinda umurimo.
Abakobwa benshi uburyohe buzatuje imyuga yakoreshejwe - kandi nibisanzwe rwose. Byongeye kandi, mu Burusiya, benshi mu batuye iyo myanya irashobora gusaba umushahara mwiza. Rero, hamwe nubumenyi bwimibare nubumenyi karemano, urashobora kuba injeniyeri ya chimiste, injeniyeri wubatswe cyangwa injeniyeri winganda za peteroli. Abashaka gufasha abantu nibyiza kuba abaganga b'amenyo, nubwo bitagituza cyane. Muri byo kandi muri serene ihuza:
- umuyobozi ushinzwe ububiko;
- umusemuzi;
- Umwanditsi wa tekinike;
- umuhanga mu by'indimi;
- Umuntu;
- Amashyamba cyangwa amashyamba;
- Meteorologue.
Ariko abakobwa bamwe bakundana cyane muburyo, kandi bamwe muribo bashaka gushaka umuhamagaro wabo muri indege. Hejuru yinzozi, birumvikana, gukora nkimyandikire mu ndege cyangwa kajugujugu.
Hafi burigihe uyu mwuga witabira indege, birashoboka cyane gufata intebe muri cockpit. Birakenewe kumva ko abaderevu nabo batandukanye, bakora ubwoko bwindege nyinshi zijyanye ninyubako n amashyirahamwe, hanyuma bakava muri parisiya kurundi biragoye cyane. Ntabwo byoroshye kumenya umurima wintambara cyangwa indege yo gutwara abantu (kajugujugu).
Kubwamahirwe, hariho imyuga myinshi y'abakozi bakazi muri indege. Aba ntabwo aboherejwe gusa, ahubwo banakora umubare munini wabantu ku bibuga byindege, ku kibuga cy'indege zituma umurimo utagaragara. Kuri gari ya moshi, abakobwa barashobora kandi gukora umwuga. Ibibujijwe gusa kuri gari ya moshi by'Uburusiya ni ubw'umushoferi hamwe n'izindi nabujije cyane, mbi. Ariko nanone kuza:
- ba shebuja;
- abayoboke ba sitasiyo;
- abagenzuzi b'ubugenzuzi;
- ku kazi kwimuka;
- icyicaro gikuru na sitasiyo;
- Cashiers;
- Fasha abakozi ba serivisi;
- Abakozi bo muri resitora imodoka;
- abakozi b'ibitaro bya gari ya moshi n'amatsinda y'imyuga;
- ibimenyetso;
- Ubugenzuzi bw'imodoka;
- Abagenzuzi kugirango bakire Lokomotives nibindi.
Niba umukobwa adahagije kubwibi, arashobora kugerageza guhambira hamwe nubukungu - Minisiteri y'imbere, FSB, ingabo. Birumvikana ko bidashoboka ko bikwiye kujya ku mubare w'abasazi cyangwa abarwanyi bidasanzwe (usibye ko iyi ari impengamiro n'ubushake), ariko hariho ingingo yo kurera. Dukeneye abantu benshi bazatanga "ingingo" ibiryo na lisansi, imyenda imwe n'umutungo wihariye, bishora mu bikoresho, gusana, bikora mu mitwe yo mu miturire.
Ibintu nk'ibyo muri minisiteri y'ibihe byihutirwa, no mu gisirikare cya gasutamo, no mu izamu y'igihugu, ndetse no muri FSO. Ariko inzira irakinguye kandi niyo myugabunze yubutegetsi iteje akaga. Rero, muri Polisi, abakobwa n'abagore ntibakunze kuba:
- Ibikorwa;
- Abagenzuzi b'akarere;
- Abagenzuzi b'abana;
- Abayobozi b'Irondo n'umuhanda n'umuhanda;
- Abagizi ba nabi;
- Abadage;
- Convois.
Muri rusange, kugabana inshuro 30% bya federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Muri FSB hamwe nizindi serivisi zidasanzwe, ibintu biratandukanye: ngaho abakobwa bifata gusa kumwanya wubuyobozi no murwego rwo mu biro.
Biragoye cyane kugera ku myanya yo gukora "mu murima" w'abakozi; Ni bangahe muri bo, ndetse no muri CVR, Gru - kubwimpamvu zigaragara ntikiramenyekana. Biragaragara ko guhitamo bikabije ndetse no mu bakiriwe imyitozo ya mbere. Ibintu bimwe muri minisiteri yibihe byihutirwa: mubyukuri, bafata abantu bose babishaka, mubyukuri ibisabwa, harimo nibizamini byubuvuzi, birakabije.
Ahanini, abakobwa bo muri minisiteri y'ibihe byihutirwa bagwa ku myanya y'abaturage, abahanga mu bya psychologuste, abahanga, abatekinisiye ba laboratoire no mu ngingo imaze kuvugwa. Urashobora kandi kuhagera binyuze mumiti yimiti. Ariko muri "umurima" ukitabazi, baracyari gato.
Muri iyo ngabo, harimo n'ingabo, ibintu ntibishoboka. Abagore benshi babaye:
- Ibibimwe;
- Umubano;
- Abarwanyi b'indege;
- abanyamaguru;
- Abanya Geodesiste;
- ubukanishi;
- Abacuranzi.
Ariko nanone kandi akura umubare wabo mu ngabo za Laketi, mu bombo, Abambuzi n'ubundi bwoko bw'ingabo. Serivise yose izajya mu masezerano. Niba hari icyifuzo cyo gukora cyane mubuzima bwamahoro, ugomba guhitamo inyandiko:
- Umutoza;
- Isanduku;
- Shakhtar (marcacheide);
- geolog;
- Amashanyarazi;
- Inganda;
- sisitemu yanduye;
- Umwarimu wo gutombora;
- Umwigisha wo Kwibira;
- Gusimbuka umwarimu;
- Kwinjira;
- Umuzingo;
- Inzoka y'umukozi;
- Porokireri;
- Umunyamakuru-umurongo (Akenshi ugomba kugendera ahantu hashyushye);
- Umusare wamato yabarobyi;
- Abatwara mu misozi;
- Metallirg;
- Roofer;
- iperereza.
Nigute utazakora amakosa ukoresheje guhitamo?
Ntacyo bitwaye niba byafashwe umwanzuro wo guhitamo umwuga mushya cyangwa umuhanga mbere yubuzima - uburyo buzaba kimwe. Amakosa nayo ahumirwa. Benshi bibanda kubitekerezo byababyeyi ninshuti, abandi bavandimwe na bagenzi bakuru. Igice kiweza cyane kumyambarire cyangwa kwibanda kuri firime, ibitabo, ibintu bigize ibinyamakuru n'ibinyamakuru. Ngombwa:
- Ntukarengere ku gikundiro cyo hanze y'umwuga, no kumwirimbura nogence ye;
- wirengagize igitutu kidukikije - kuko bidakora;
- Ntugashyire imyumvire myiza yumuntu runaka mubikorwa bye;
- Wibuke ko mumurima uwo ariwo wose ugomba gukora cyane kandi bigoye gutsinda;
- uzirikane uburyohe bwabo, impengamiro hamwe no kubuza umubiri;
- Witondere ibikenewe mu karere kawe;
- Ntutekereze gusa mubihe byubu mumasoko yumurimo, ariko nanone uburyo bishobora kuba mumyaka mike.
