Iyi ngingo ivuga ko ibyo ukeneye kumenya kubyerekeye umwuga wa injeniyeri pto, kubyerekeye inshingano ze nibindi biteruro mubisobanuro byakazi. Usibye gusobanura amagambo ahinnye, ushishikajwe ninsanganyamatsiko, ni ngombwa kumenyera umwuga wumwuga wuyu mwumwuga kandi hamwe na etkas. Ntabwo ari ngombwa kumenya amakuru arambuye kubyerekeye imiyoboro yubushyuhe n'ahandi kubikorwa bya injeniyeri.
Ibisobanuro
Gushushanya amagambo ahinnye biroroshye cyane: ni hafi yumusaruro nishami rya tekiniki. Kandi iyi nyubako ikora mugutegura ibintu byuzuye kubikorwa runaka. Muri make, niba ishami ridakora nkuko bikwiye, nta bwubatsi ntibuzana no mu matara ya Markip, kandi nta bicuruzwa bitazasohoka. Imiterere nk'iyi irasezeranye:
- gushiraho no guhuza ibikoresho byashushanyije;
- gutura no kurema ibigereranyo;
- Igenzura rya buri munsi ryakazi;
- Gushushanya amasezerano n'amasezerano yo gukora;
- Gukoresha Ikarita y'ikoranabuhanga.
Ariko umwuga wa injeniyeri wa pto, usibye kwemeza ko hatondekanye tekinike ya tekiniki nakazi, bisobanura Gushyira mubikorwa byiterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya. Kubwibyo, oya "kurambirana gucukura ibishushanyo nibintu" ntabwo bigenda. Kugira ngo ube inzobere mu kuyobora PTO - byibuze ku miyoboro yubururu, byibuze mubindi bintu, ugomba kumenya kugenzura ibikorwa bitaziguye no gutegura ibisobanuro byabakinnyi byihuse. Hamwe nibintu bya tekiniki gusa, uzakenera kumenya no gutegura. Abahagarariye inzoga nyinshi bitwara iterambere ryigenga.
Byongeye kandi, hamwe nubwumvikane buke, cyane cyane hamwe nibyangombwa, gahunda nibishushanyo, buriwese mubisanzwe ajya kugisha inama muri PTO.
Ibisobanuro by'akazi
Inshingano
Uburebure bwimirimo ikora ya injeniyeri VER ntabwo ibemerera mubihe byinshi kugirango bakore badafite abafasha. Ikinini kinini cyangwa kubaka, bifitanye isano cyane no guteza imbere abandi bantu no gukwirakwiza imbaraga. Ariko, mugihe ushyira mubikorwa imishinga mito, imbaraga ntarengwa zibanda mubantu bamwe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane guhindura inyandiko zisobanura izi mbaraga nimirimo - ibisobanuro byakazi, abakozi na quarts. Ibintu by'ingenzi ni:
- Igenzura rya tekiniki;
- Kugenzura isohozwa ryibisabwa hakurikijwe igitabo nyobozi Nyobozi;
- Isuzuma ryubwubahirizwa ibivugwa kandi rikorwa imirimo (umusaruro wibicuruzwa, gutanga serivisi za tekiniki);
- Kugenzura ibisabwa n'ibikoresho bigereranijwe, ibishushanyo mbonera, snup, ibipimo n'ibipimo n'ibipimo by'ibindi bihugu;
- Kugenzura ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibisobanuro rusange;
- gusuzuma kwizihiza ibipimo byo kurinda imirimo;
- Isuzuma ryo kubahiriza isuku, isuku, amashanyarazi, amashanyarazi n'andi mahame (ukurikije ibintu bimwe na bimwe);
- Gushiraho impamvu igihe nigihe cyangwa cyangwa kitarubatswe neza akazi;
- ubufasha mu gukuraho amakosa;
- Kwakira tekiniki yibintu byubatswe, ibicuruzwa byarangiye;
- Gukora inyandiko ku ibaruramari byakozwe mu bikorwa byakozwe n'amategeko na serivisi byatanzwe;
- kwisubiraho ikiguzi nkuko bikenewe;
- Gutegura ibigereranyo kubikorwa byabafasha kandi bidateganijwe;
- gutanga raporo;
- Guhuza abafatanyabikorwa n'imiryango ibarwa, igereranya;
- Gukora ayandi mabwiriza y'abayobozi - mu mbibi zitabangamira kurangiza imirimo y'ibanze.
Uburenganzira
Inshingano zikomeye rero ziherekejwe, birumvikana, nububasha bukomeye bwo kwicwa. Abashakashatsi ba PTO bafite uburenganzira, kurugero, gutanga abo aribo (mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa nkigice kiyobowe) cyamabwiriza mubushobozi bwabo mubushobozi bwabo. Nyuma yo gutanga itegeko iryo ariryo ryose, birashoboka kugenzura irangizwa ryayo. Hariho n'uburenganzira bwo kumenya uyobowe nuburyo basezera mubikorwa byabo nyamukuru. Nkuko bikenewe, abashakashatsi bafite uburenganzira bwo gusaba amakuru ninyandiko.
Kandi, imbaraga zabo zirimo:
- Mu buryo butaziguye (hamwe no kumenyesha imiyoborere no kubyemerewe muri rusange) contact hamwe ninzego zindimi za gatatu nicyayi.
- Gutanga ibyifuzo byo kunoza akazi kabo n'imikorere yandi macakubiri.
- Ubushobozi bwo kugera kubungabunga imiterere yubuyobozi bwiza na tekiniki, ishyirwa mubikorwa ryamabwiriza nubuyobozi.
Inshingano
Kumenya, aho uyu mwuga ufite inshingano, nawo ni ngombwa cyane. Inshingano ze zirimo:
- Kudasohoza inshingano zabo;
- akazi katinze cyangwa utuzuye;
- Kurenga ku mabwiriza yashyizweho n'andi mabwiriza;
- gutangaza ibanga ryemewe;
- Imikoreshereze y'ibiro ikoreshwa ku ntego z'umuntu ku giti cye, harimo no gukungahaza, usibye umuryango;
- Kugaragaza amakuru y'ibanga;
- Guhungabana indero yumurimo, ingamba z'umutekano n'ikoranabuhanga.
Mu mvugo rusange yo mu Burusiya, Etc kuri PTO injeniyeri yashinzwe yahawe umwanya 16.032. Ku mugaragaro, havugwa nk '"inzobere mu bijyanye n'inganda n'ikoranabuhanga mu gutanga amasoko." Nta kintu gitangaje - mu rwego rwo kubaka, umwanya nk'uwo usanzwe kuruta mu musaruro w'inganda. Porodandard itanga ibihe nkibi:
- Gukora Ububiko bw'imikorere n'imikorere y'Ikoranabuhanga n'Ikoranabuhanga;
- gusobanura, gushushanya no guhuza imishinga;
- gushiraho inyandiko zo gutangaza ibintu;
- Kugenzura ibikoresho byamakuru;
- Gutegura ibikoresho byabigenewe nabandi bahanga, gukurikirana iri terambere.
Niki gituma injeniyeri aterwa ahanini nicyiciro cyacyo.
- Abo aho kuba batarashyirwaho, ahanini bagakora ibikorwa byoroshye bagenzura buri gihe ninzobere zinararibonye. 3 Icyiciro kigufasha gutegura ibishushanyo byoroshye n'inyandiko na kabiri, ariko ntukemure imirimo iyo ari yo yose ifite.
- Ibyiciro bibiri birashobora gukora kimwe nabakozi b'amatsinda yo hasi, kandi nta gihe ugenzura ubuyobozi. Hariho kandi uburenganzira bwo gutegura ubwiciro bwigenga kandi igishushanyo mbonera cyo guhuza ibisubizo byurukuta.
- Inzobere 1 Icyiciro gishobora rimwe na rimwe, kugirango werekane injeniyeri bakomeye PTO cyangwa injeniyeri nyamukuru yimiryango, itegura byigenga kubintu bishya byibicuruzwa cyangwa ibintu bishya byubaka.
Ibisabwa kubakandida
Abakandida ku mwanya wa injeniyeri wa PTO bategekwa gutunga ubumenyi bukomeye bw'umwuga. Ubuhanga bw'ingenzi ni:
- Ubushobozi bwo gushushanya no gusesengura ubwoko bwose bwinyandiko za tekiniki n'imari, tubigereranye hagati yabo hamwe na raporo;
- kwitegura gukora gahunda za tekiniki n'ibigereranyo byagenwe;
- Ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma neza imirimo byakozwe muburyo bwa tekiniki nubukungu;
- Kumenya ibikoresho byo kugenzura, ubushobozi bwo gusoma ibipimo byayo, ubishyire muburyo bwuzuye cyangwa kubara ukurikije formulaire.
Inzobere nziza igomba kumenya:
- imirimo yihariye na gato no mubintu byihariye cyangwa mumashyirahamwe;
- amahame y'amategeko;
- Ingingo zisobanura akazi;
- Ibindi bisobanuro by'amashami atandukanye hamwe n'imiryango ishinzwe kugenzura;
- Gost, snup, ingabo z'amategeko;
- imbaraga z'ibikoresho;
- Firest fiziki hamwe nimibare minini - mugihe cyamasomo asogijwe ubuhanga bwa tekiniki.
Imico yumuntu ni ngombwa. Igikorwa na tekiniki ya tekiniki hafi buri gihe mubikorwa bya tense cyangwa uburyo bwa Zadietic, kuko kurwanya stress birakomeye cyane. Ingirakamaro:
- kwibandaho;
- Pedantism (muburyo bwiza bwo kuvuga Ijambo);
- urwego rwo hejuru rwinshingano;
- Ishusho isesengura yo gutekereza;
- Ubushobozi bwo guhindura imirimo itandukanye.
Uburezi
Shakisha uburezi muri injeniyeri wihariye wa injeniyeri urashobora kuba mubigo byuburezi bya tekiniki - byihariye cyangwa kaminuza zidasanzwe. Ariko, ibi ntibisobanura ko bititaye aho byumwihariko byiga. Ibyifuzo bidashidikanywaho bigomba gutangwa Ikigo cyangwa na mahugurwa ya kaminuza. Niba uhisemo kaminuza (kaminuza), noneho amahugurwa yagezweho azakenerwa vuba, kandi ntabwo aribyo bizashoboka kubona akazi. Muburyo bwo kwitegura, mubisanzwe dukeneye kumenya imibare nubumenyi karemano kurwego rwiza.
Umwihariko wihariye ntabwo ugengwa. Ubusanzwe ni iyubakwa, ubukungu bwa konline, hejuru cyangwa imbaraga. Igice kinini cyimyanya yatoza irakinguye mubigo byuburezi byumwirondoro wubwubatsi nubwubatsi na Polytechnic. Urashobora no kubasanga mubaturage basanzwe. Ariko birakenewe kuzirikana ko umusaruro n'inzego za tekiniki mu cyiciro cy'inganda zikoresha imyirondoro itandukanye kandi gikeneye inzobere - bityo rero amahugurwa arashobora kurenga inzego zuburezi mu nganda.
INGINGO NJUZIMA:
- Inganda n'ububaji;
- Ikirombe no kubaka munsi y'ubutaka;
- Umusaruro no gushyira mu bikorwa ibikoresho byo kubaka, ibicuruzwa n'inzego;
- Igishushanyo no kubaka sisitemu yubushakashatsi bwimbaraga hamwe nubuzima.
Guhugura abahanga muri PTO biganisha kuri:
- Mei;
- Kaminuza ya federal;
- Suurgu;
- Ranhigs;
- Kaminuza ya Poltechnic yitiriwe Petero ukomeye;
- Fefu;
- Kaminuza y'Ubushakashatsi mu Burusiya;
- Rudn;
- Mis;
- Urfu;
- Kaminuza ya Kuba;
- Mei;
- SQFC;
- Kure ya kaminuza y'Uburasirazuba bw'itumanaho;
- Kaminuza za Tekinike ya Voronezh, Samara, Kalinzed, Rostov-On-Don na volgograp;
- Novosibirsk yubatswe na kaminuza yubwubatsi;
- Kaminuza y'amazi ya Siberiya.
Umushahara
Amafaranga yinjira muri basoni mu Burusiya arashobora gutandukana cyane. BURUNDU BIKURIKIRA NI:- Akarere ka Tyumen - 66000;
- Khmao - 69000;
- Krasnodar - 57000;
- Irkutsk Akarere - 69000;
- Tyva na Chukokka - 90000;
- Yakutia - 89000;
- Intara ya Sverdlovsk - 55000;
- Amur Akarere - Amafaranga 74.000.
Umwuga
Urashobora gukora intambwe ikomeye yumwuga mumyaka 2-4 yumurimo wihariye. Umaze gukora imishinga myinshi nka injeniyeri mukuru ubishoboye, urashobora kuyobora ishami. Byongeye, ukurikije urwego no gutonesha ubuyobozi, urashobora kugera buhoro buhoro kumwanya wumuyobozi wingabo.
Kuba ufite uburambe, urashobora gutangira kuzuza ibyifuzo byibigo bito bidafite injeniyeri zisanzwe cyangwa ibigereranyo. Byinshi biterwa no gufata no kuba umunyamwuga byabakozi ubwabo.
Ahantu ho gukorera
Amashyirahamwe mato mato afunguye imyanya kubantu badafite uburambe . Amabwiriza yo kwishyura ntabwo ari meza cyane muri bo, ariko urashobora kubona uburambe nubunararibonye. Urashobora kubona akazi nibindi: Umaze mugihe cyumunyeshuri ushakisha akazi k'igihe gito - hamwe nuburyo busa nibyiza kubashaka kwakira vuba amafaranga akomeye. Urashobora gushakisha imyanya:
- kuri vodokanal;
- mumiryango yubushyuhe, gutanga amashanyarazi;
- mu miterere ya gaze n'inzu;
- mu nganda na gaze;
- mu makara;
- mu ishyirahamwe ryubwubatsi;
- muri metallurgie;
- mumusaruro (mubihangano bya mashini no gukora ibyuma).
