Umwanya wa injeniyeri mukuru ushyirwa mu itsinda rikuru. Umwuga werekana ko habaho uburyo runaka, ubumenyi bwinyongera hamwe nubunararibonye bwakazi. Imico imwe n'imwe nayo ni ngombwa. Imyitwarire yumugonganyirizo tekinike biterwa numwuga wa injeniyeri mukuru.
Umwuga uranga
Injeniyeri mukuru (code ya Okpdtr 20758), usibye kwiga ibikorwa bya tekiniki by'umushinga, ifata icyemezo cyo kongera kubakwa, kongera gukoresha umusaruro. Kubwibyo, inzobere igomba gusesengura neza ibitekerezo byose bishoboka. Injeniyeri mukuru agomba gukora ibintu bigamije kuzamura umusaruro w'abakozi no gukoresha neza umutungo wakazi.
Umwanya nawo usobanura:
- Iterambere rya gahunda zose za tekiniki;
- kugena uburyo bwo kuzamura ireme ryibicuruzwa byose byakozwe kandi bishyirwa mubikorwa byisosiyete;
- kugenzura kubahiriza ibintu byashyizweho kandi biteganijwe;
- Kwemeza gahunda n'ibishushanyo bikoreshwa mu musaruro.
Umwanya ufatwa gusa kandi bisobanura ubuhanga bwihariye. Injeniyeri mukuru agomba kuba afite imico nkiyi nkurwego rwo hejuru, ubushobozi bwo kuyobora, ubuyobozi bwisesengura nububiko bwa tekiniki, gahunda no gukora.
Porodandard nayo yerekana ubuhanga nkubwo.
- Kugenda . Ibiranga inyandiko nibyo bigomba guhora ugenzura ibintu bitandukanye, birashobora kuba mubindi bice, inzobere zigomba kuba ziteguye kujya mu ngendo zubucuruzi ziteganijwe nigihe icyo aricyo cyose.
- Ubuhanga bworoshye gukorera hamwe . Injeniyeri mukuru ntabwo akora wenyine, ibikorwa byayo bifitanye isano no guhorana umubano n'abakozi n'abayobozi b'imishinga y'imiterere, inzobere mu bigo by'imiterere, inzobere mu buryo bw'inzobere mu buryo bworoshye, inzoga zigomba guhura noroshye guhura kandi ntizishaka guhura no kutagira amakimbirane.
- Ubushobozi bwo gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa bya monotous igihe kirekire . Umwanya bisobanura gusohoza inshingano zimwe na zimwe zisubirwamo buri munsi, rimwe na rimwe imiterere y'amarangamutima y'umuntu ntishobora kwihanganira umutwaro wa monotous, kuri injeniyeri mukuru, kuba umuco nk'uwo ntibisekwa.
- Gushyira mu gaciro . Muri iki gihe, bivuze ubushobozi bwo gukomeza kubyumvikane kandi bikwiye kandi bikwiye ibiciro byisosiyete, ibiciro byose bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro kandi byungukirwa no kungukirwa nagace.
- Ubuhanga . Umwanya bisobanura gusesengura imirimo yimihango niterambere ryinzira zo kunoza umusaruro, inzobere zigomba gushobora gufata gahunda zo kongera umusaruro wumukozi no guteza imbere ibitekerezo byabo bishya.
Ibisobanuro by'akazi
Inshingano n'imirimo itaziguye ya injeniyeri nkuru irimo imirimo myinshi. Nuyu muhanga ugenwa na politiki tekinike yingingo ikoreramo. Umwanya bisobanura uburenganzira bwihariye, inshingano n'inshingano zo kunanirwa kwabo.
Ibinure byose byateganijwe mu mabwiriza yemewe kandi muri rusange byemewe. Biratandukanye nibipimo bashobora gusa niba byanditswe mumasezerano yisosiyete.
Inshingano
Inzobere ikurikirana isegonda mu nzego ziyobora nyuma y'umuyobozi mukuru w'ikigo. Numunyamuryango nkuyu biterwa no kubaho muburyo butandukanye bwumuntu ufata uyu mwanya. Iyi nzobere igomba kuba yarashoboye kubara inzira zunguka cyane mubikorwa byisosiyete kurubuga rwa none.
Inshingano z'inzobere zirimo:
- Gufata Igenzura ryiza;
- Igenzura ryibizamini byakazi , harimo no gutanga igihe no kwagura ibikoresho byakoreshejwe;
- Menya ko ari ngombwa kongera impamyabumenyi zisanzwe z'abakozi , kugenzura byuzuye kubakozi;
- Gukurikirana imikorere yimikorere byerekanwe mubigereranyo, imvugo hamwe nizindi nyandiko zuruganda aho umukono wayo ufite agaciro;
- UBUYOBOZI MU BIKORWA BY'IBIKORWA agamije kunoza ibikorwa bya sosiyete no kuzamura;
- Kugenzura umuriro hamwe n'umutekano wa tekiniki mu bintu Mu myitwarire ye - iki kintu nacyo cyerekana inshingano zijyanye no kunanirwa kubahiriza inshingano, harimo ibikoresho;
- Gutanga igihe Gutera no gutegura ubwoko bwose bwinyandiko za tekiniki;
- Kugenzura kwizihiza indero mubikorwa byinganda - Ikoranabuhanga, umushinga, umuriro, gushushanya gahunda, kurengera umurimo, kubahiriza amahame y'ibidukikije no ku isuku;
- Gutegura abakozi b'inyongera , harimo umwanzuro w'amasezerano na kaminuza n'izindi nzego z'uburezi, nibiba ngombwa;
- Gukora inshingano z'umuyobozi mukuru Hamwe nigihe gito.
Imikorere irashobora kubamo ibindi bintu. Ikintu cyingenzi muriki kibazo ni umwihariko w'urushinga n'ibikorwa byayo. Ibihe byose bigenwa kurwego rwishinga amategeko. Amabwiriza ntashobora kuvuguruza. Iremewe gusa kugirango uhindure ibikorwa byihariye. Kurugero, injeniyeri ukorana nibikoresho agomba kugenzura buri gihe no gukurikiranwa. Niba hari abakozi gusa mugutanga, ikintu kijyanye nibikoresho kirashobora gukurwa mubibwiriza.
Uburenganzira
Injeniyeri mukuru arashobora gukoresha umukono we mugihe asinya inyandiko zijyanye nurwego rwibigo bitaziguye. Inzobere ifite uburenganzira bwo gusoza amasezerano akenewe ntabwo ari amategeko gusa, ahubwo no ku bantu . Gutanga amabwiriza yihariye, abayobozi bose ba serivisi tekinike nibice.
Ubundi burenganzira:
- Akira amakuru yose akenewe kandi yuzuye kurutonde rwabayobozi b'ibikoresho bya tekiniki, niba bireba imbaraga zayo;
- gukora igenzura ry'ibikorwa by'inzego za tekiniki zose z'isosiyete;
- Fata icyemezo cyo gufata abakozi b'inzobere mu ntera, injeniyeri mukuru ashobora igihe icyo ari cyo cyose gusaba amakuru asanzwe afite inzego za tekiniki;
- Kugira uruhare mu cyegeranye n'ibigereranyo byose, amabwiriza n'amabwiriza y'imishinga ijyanye n'ibikorwa byo gukora isosiyete;
- Saba imicungire nyamukuru yisosiyete kugirango ibeho imikorere yimikoreshereze yibintu byose bikenewe kugirango ukore ibintu byiza byinzego nubuhanga;
- Uhe abayobozi b'imiterere zose mu kuganwa, amabwiriza ku kazi mu musaruro;
- Kora ibyifuzo byo guhanga udushya mumusaruro, gukurura abakozi bashya, koresha abakozi bariho;
- Kugira uruhare mu iterambere rya gahunda yo guteza imbere urwego rushyize mu gaciro, uruhare rw'uru ruhare muri uru rubanza ni icyangobye.
Byongeye kandi, Injeniyeri mukuru afite uburenganzira ku ngwate zose zitangwa kurwego rw'amategeko. . Inzobere irashobora kandi gusaba ubufasha bw'ubuyobozi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'inshingano zayo zitaziguye, ndetse no gusaba amakuru akenewe kugirango ayishyize mu bikorwa.
Imbere yabakeneye kwerekana uburenganzira bwo kunoza ibyangombwa. Iki kintu nacyo kirimo kurutonde rwuburenganzira bwa injeniyeri mukuru.
Inshingano
Injeniyeri mukuru afite urutonde runaka rwimirimo. Kunanirwa kwabo bikubiyemo inshingano. Umukozi agomba kubahiriza amahame yo guhana no gukora amabwiriza amwe. Urutonde rwinshingano zuru rungano rurimo imirimo rusange nimirimo. Inshingano atera yisunze yibanze ku nshingano . Kuburangare, kunyurwa cyangwa kwirukanwa igice, inzobere zirashobora kwakira igihano, ihazabu cyangwa kwirukanwa. Igihano giterwa na sitati yimbere yisosiyete.
Injeniyeri mukuru arashinzwe:
- Mugihe habangamije amategeko yumutekano;
- Kubangamira indero yumurimo na gahunda byashyizweho kumushinga;
- Kurenganya tekinike z'umutekano z'umuriro;
- yo gutangaza amabanga yubucuruzi cyangwa andi makuru yibanga;
- Hamwe no kudahuza mugushyira mubikorwa ibicuruzwa byimbere no gutumiza.
Injeniyeri mukuru itwara inshingano zifatika kandi igomba kwishyura ibyangijwe nibikorwa byayo cyangwa inshingano zidakwiye. . Urutonde rwibikoresho nibindi bitekerezo bisobanura inshingano nkizo ziteganijwe mumasezerano numukozi.
Byongeye kandi, inzobere ninshingano z'icyaha n'inshingano z'ubuyobozi kuri zimwe mu nshingano zayo.
Ibisabwa kumwanya
Umwanya bisobanura kubahiriza umubare wibisabwa. Kugirango ukore kuri iyi yihariye, uburambe burakenewe byibuze imyaka itanu mubihe bisa numwirondoro wo hejuru (byumwihariko) uburezi. Ategetswe kumenya amategeko yumutekano wumuriro namategeko agenga kurengera umurimo. Niba adashobora gusohoza inshingano ze, Umuyobozi mukuru ashyiraho wungirije by'agateganyo.
Inzobere zigomba kumenya:
- Amahame ngenderiwe kandi isuku;
- Ibikoresho byose byikoranabuhanga ryikoranabuhanga (kuva mubunini kugirango byongera);
- Amategeko yo gutegura akazi muri ikigo;
- Intego nyamukuru y'ibikoresho ikoreshwa mu musaruro (harimo ibintu bya tekiniki, guterana no gusesengura uburyo bwo gusana, uburyo bwo gusana mugihe bukenewe);
- Uburyo bw'ibishushanyo babishoboye by'akazi busabwa kugirango ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikorwa byiza by'umushinga;
- Ibikorwa byose byibikorwa byisosiyete n'imiterere yayo (mubushobozi bwabo);
- Amategeko yo gutegura gahunda z'umusaruro;
- ubwoko bwibikoresho nibikoresho fatizo (kimwe nuburyo bwo kubikuraho no gukumira);
- amahame yo mu mategeko asanzwe ariho (bijyanye n'ibikorwa byabo n'abayoborwa);
- ishingiro ry'amategeko, rigengwa n'ibikorwa by'urugo;
- Igikoresho cyo gutakaza umusaruro (harimo uburyo bwo gusana, gusimbuza no kurandura ibibazo bishoboka);
- Nugence yo gutegura amasezerano yubukungu nibanze (mubushobozi bwabo).
Uburezi
Kugirango inzobere yo gufata umwanya wa injeniyeri mukuru, birakenewe kubungabunga uburezi bwo murwego rwohejuru bwa tekiniki (sasita). Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, hagomba kubaho uburambe bwimyaka itanu yakazi . IYI manda isobanura kugura inzobere yubumenyi bwose bukenewe mubikorwa. Niba bibaye ngombwa, amahugurwa agezweho cyangwa yo kongera. Urashobora gutsinda ayo masomo atari mu bigo byuburezi gusa, ahubwo no mu musaruro, niba ibi biteganijwe ku gitabo cy'isosiyete.
Ahantu ho gukorera
Gukenera kumenyekanisha umwanya wa injeniyeri mukuru urashobora kuvuka mubigo byose bifite ibikorwa bifitanye isano numusaruro. Kurugero, inzobere nk'izo zigomba kuba mu binyabiziga bifite moteri, inganda zitanga ubushyuhe, imiryango yo kubaka, imirima y'inkoko, amahoteri, imiti yimiti. Ntibishoboka gukora ibikorwa byubukungu bwa gaze udafite injeniyeri wujuje ibyangombwa kandi w'inararibonye. Byongeye kandi, umurimo wa Metro ya Moscow na Metro muyindi mijyi nabyo bisobanura kuboneka kwateganijwe nkinyandiko nkiyi kurutonde rwabakozi.
Nibintu bimwe na bimwe byibikorwa bya ba injeniyeri nyamukuru bitewe numuco wumusaruro:
- ubwikorezi (Gusuzuma imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutwara, kugenzura abakozi, guhanura kw'iterambere rya sisitemu yo gutwara abantu);
- kubaka . ;
- Gariyamoshi (ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ubuyobozi bw'inzego zose zirimo, gukurikirana ubuzima bwo kuzunguruka);
- indege (kugenzura inzira yo gukora no gusana ibikoresho byindege, imitunganyirize yindege);
- Ingufu (Kubungabunga no guteza imbere uburyo bwo kwingufu, kubara no kugenzura ibiyobyabwenge, kugenzura sisitemu z'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byihariye);
- Inganda (kugenzura n'inshingano z'ubwiza bw'ibikoresho fatizo byakozwe, gutegura no gutegura inzira zose z'umusaruro);
- Imiturire .
- Hedgesey .
- Imikorere y'ibikoresho muri contprises (Kugenga umuriro n'umutekano wihutirwa, iperereza no kubara impanuka, abashinzwe guhugura, kugira uruhare mu iterambere ry'amabwiriza).
Amafaranga yinjiza angahe?
Umushahara wa injeniyeri mukuru biterwa nigipimo cyumushinga hamwe nikarere mubikorwa. Mubyongeyeho, ni ngombwa igihe inzobere ifata uyu mwanya. Kurugero, umushahara waba injeniyeri nyamukuru ukora mumwaka cyangwa imyaka itanu uzatandukana cyane.
Ibipimo by'intangarugero bitewe n'akarere:
- i Moscou no mu karere ka Moscou - Kuva ku mafaranga 80.000;
- muri krasnoyarsk - kuva ku masabuto 6.2.000;
- muri OMSK - Kugera ku 50.000;
- Muri St. Petersburg - Ku mafaranga 70.000.
Kuba injeniyeri nyamukuru wumushinga, ufite uburere bwo hejuru cyane, ntibishoboka. Umwanya bisobanura kuboneka kwateganijwe kwuburambe.
Byongeye kandi, iyi nzobere ifite urutonde rwimirimo ishobora gukorwa, izi ibintu byose byibikorwa bya tekiniki. Ibisabwa bidasanzwe bikoreshwa kuba injeniyeri nyamukuru mubice bitandukanye.
