Ubuhanga bwingenzi kandi bwingirakamaro nubushobozi bwo kuvugana nabantu no kubona ururimi rusanzwe hamwe nabo, kuko rutumviye kubandi ubwabo, ahubwo rushobora no kugera ku ntsinzi nini mubice byombi byumwuga kandi byumuntu. Muri icyo gihe, benshi ntibashobora kuba infashanyo nziza kubera kwihesha agaciro kandi bagashimangira kwihesha agaciro. Niba ufite icyifuzo kinini, urashobora guhindura ibi byose.
Ibisobanuro
Nta bantu basa, bityo bamwe bagumana ikiganiro kandi bahinduka ubugingo bwikigo, naho ibisigaye ntabwo ari kubasigaye, kubera ko ari ngombwa kuvugana nabandi bashakanye bibatera ubwoba. Itandukaniro nkiryo riterwa nibiranga imiterere nimiterere buri muntu afite. Abantu beza bafite ubushobozi bwo gutangira vuba ikiganiro kumuhanda hamwe nabantu batazi, biroroshye kuzamuka , kwishimira ibiganiro ku ngingo zose, gukunda kuba hagati yo kwitabwaho no guhora menya ikintu gishya.
Byongeye kandi, birashobora kuvugwa ko umuntu ushimishije, usaba umuryango, urangwa no kuba hari amarozi no gusetsa. Abantu nkabo ntabwo buri gihe "bandika neza", ariko bafite imbaraga zidasanzwe, mbikesha kubishoboka gutsinda abandi bose no kubaha.
Inzitizi rusange
Umuntu wese arashobora kwishimira itumanaho. Kubwibyo, ntabwo ari ngombwa gusangira ibyiyumvo gusa, amakuru yamakuru, ahubwo anakoresha intonasiyo, isura yo mumaso n'ibimenyetso, bitanga ikiganiro ibara ryihariye ryamarangamutima. Ariko, ikibabaje, ntabwo abantu bose bahanganye nibi.
Mubisanzwe, inzitizi zimwe zibangamira itumanaho.
- Isoni . Ikibazo nkiki gifatwa nkimwe mubintu bigoye, kubera ko amasomo yisoni yibasiye abandi bonyine. Impamvu yabyo ishobora kuba yigunga urungano rwubwana cyangwa uburere butari bwo mumuryango.
- Kwikeka . Abantu bamwe bahora bumva bafite ubwoba bwo gutumanaho, kuko batinya gusa naho basa nabi kandi, kubwibyo, binjira kunegura. Bizera ko byoroshye kwirinda kuvugana nabandi.
- Gucika intege . Ntabwo ari umuntu wese kandi yigaragaza muburyo bukuru: umuntu arashaka kuvugana, ariko ahitamo guceceka, kuko atekereza ko ari ugutsindwa burundu. Hariho n'abantu bashobora kumva bafite mu buryo bwisanzuye mu kiganiro, ariko akenshi biterwa n'ibyishimo byo gutumanaho bakunda guhagarika umutima.
Inzitizi zose zavuzwe haruguru ziratsinda byoroshye. Icy'ingenzi ni ugushyira igitego no kwishora mugutezimbere. Mubyongeyeho, ugomba kugerageza kugaragara nkibishoboka hamwe ninshuti, guteza imbere kashe.
Ni ibihe bitabo nshobora gusoma?
Kugeza ubu, urashobora kuzuza ibitabo byinshi bishimishije, gusoma bigira uruhare mugutezimbere amabanga y'itumanaho, ariko biragoye guhitamo neza gushyigikira cyangwa iyo nyandiko. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze basaba gukoresha uburyo bwo guhitamo ibitabo byaragenzuye igihe kandi bakira abasomyi beza gusa . Ibitabo nkibi birashobora gusoma abakobwa nabagabo, abana bazubuwe neza nibitabo abanditsi bafite uburere bwa psychologiya cyangwa pedagogi.
Dutanga ibyagezweho cyane kubantu bakuru.
- "Ubuhanga bwo gutumanaho. Nigute ushobora kubona ururimi rusanzwe numuntu wese " (Umwanditsi Paul McGee). Igitabo gisobanura uko ibintu bimeze bishimishije ubuzima, kimwe ninama, uburyo bwo kureka gutinya ibiganiro no kungura ibitekerezo byabo mubyukuri.
- "Nigute Gutsinda Isoni" (Kuva kuri Philip Zimbardo). Iki gitabo cyanditswe n'umuhanga mu bya precholog yo muri Amerika kizwi ku isi hose, ubona ko ari inyangamugayo n'inzira imwe yo gusubiza amarangamutima. Kugira ngo utsinde ibigo byose mu itumanaho, itanga imyitozo yose hamwe ninama zifatika.
- "Uburyo bwo kuganira numuntu uwo ari we wese" (Umuhanda wa Martic). Muri iki gitabo, hagaragara uburyo bwo kwiga gukuraho imihangayiko mugihe uganira no guhangana n'ubwoba bibangamira mu ntangiriro y'itumanaho. Byongeye kandi, umwanditsi arasenyutse mu buryo burambuye ibibazo nyamukuru by'itumanaho rigezweho.
Ukwayo Ababyeyi barasabwa gusoma ibitabo nkibi. : "Umwana yiga gushyikirana. Kuva akivuka kugeza kumyaka 5 "(Filippova Yu. V.)," labyrint yubugingo. Umugani mwiza wa Therapeutic "(Khukhlaeva O. V. Khukhlaev O. E.)," intambwe zo gutumanaho: Kuva kumwaka kugeza kuri esheshatu "(Galiruzova L. O.).
Ubuvanganzo bwose bwavuzwe haruguru burashobora gufasha kwiga gushyira intego zishimishije imbere yabo no kubyara abandi.
Ni ubuhe buhanga bugomba gutezwa imbere?
Kugirango ubashe kuvugana kubuntu, komeza ibiganiro bisanzwe, urwenya mubirori kandi ukamenya vuba mumuhanda, ntugomba gutsinda gusa ubwoba bwo gutinya gutumanaho, ariko nanone Guhora utezimbere ubuhanga bushya.
- Kurikiza ikiganiro kubimenyetso bya Solestel . Ikintu nyamukuru kigize ikiganiro icyo aricyo cyose gifatwa nkibyinshi mubuhanga bwo gukomeza kuba bushoboka ko gukoresha ibimenyetso bitavuga. Abaterankunga b'imitekerereze kugira ngo bagire inama ku kiganiro basesengura neza imvugo, ibimenyetso n'ibikorwa byo mu maso.
- Ntutinye kubaza . Akenshi, abantu bakunda kuvuga kubyo bagezeho, kugirango bashobore kubaza ibibazo bigezweho, bashimishijwe no gutsinda. Mugihe kimwe, ibibazo ntibigomba kuba nko kubazwa - ibi bizatera ibyiyumvo bitameze neza.
- Wige gutega amatwi . Rimwe na rimwe, abantu mugihe cyo kuganira bumva amakuru yatanzwe nuwatanze ibitekerezo bitagaragara, batangira guhagarika no guhindura ikiganiro nizindi ngingo. Ibikorwa nkibi birashobora kwirukana byoroshye kure yawe. Kugirango wirinde ibi, ugomba kubaza ibibazo byingenzi bityo ugasunika neza interineti yavugaga ku nyungu.
- Igenzura amajwi yawe . Kugira ngo ukore ibi, birasabwa gukora imyitozo murugo, andika ikiganiro cyawe wumve. Ni ngombwa kwibuka itegeko rimwe mu itumanaho - nta na kimwe mu bidukikije ntazashaka gukomeza ikiganiro niba ikanahungabanya, kandi ijwi riratuje.
- Ukuyemo amagambo yose - parasite . Umuntu uvuga, nk'amategeko, ntabona uburyo imvugo ye yuzuyemo amagambo ya parasite. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kongera ubushobozi bwikiganiro, kwibuka amahame yubupfura kandi byoroshye byibitabo.
- Kwagura ntarengwa . Ibintu bya societe bikurura abantu bashaka kwiga ikintu gishya, nkuko bishimishije mubitumanaho. Kuba hagati yo kwitabwaho, ugomba gutera inyungu zamakuru nshya. Kugira ngo ukore ibi, birasabwa kwiga ikoranabuhanga rishya mugihe cyubusa cyo kwiga ikoranabuhanga rishya.
Ni iki kigomba kuvuga?
Abantu benshi batera ubwoba ibyiciro byambere byikiganiro, kuko batazi insanganyamatsiko yo kuyitangira. Bamwe batazi neza abantu bazamura ikirere, bisa nkaho ari ukuri, ariko ingingo nkiyi ntabwo ishishikaza umuntu. Irashobora gukoreshwa nkintambwe yibanze ikiganiro, hanyuma itumanaho rigomba gufata ifishi irambuye. Byongeye kandi, Hariho ingingo, ikiganiro kitemewe.
- Politiki . Iyi ngingo irasobanutse kandi igoye cyane, kubera ko buri muntu afite uko ibintu byamenyesheje ibyabaye muri politiki, kandi nta cyemeza ko ibitekerezo byabanyetanganeza bizaba bimwe. Bikunze kubaho ko intangiriro yikiganiro cya politiki irangirana nibibazo byamakimbirane.
- Ubuzima . Iyi ngingo ifatwa nkimbitse, kugiti cye kandi irashobora kuganirwaho gusa nabantu ba hafi. Iremewe kuvuga ubuzima gusa iyo interlonditor ubwe yagaragaje icyifuzo cyo kuganira ku bibazo by'ubuzima bwe. Kuvugana n'inshuti cyangwa abo dukorana, ugomba kwibagirwa kuriyi ngingo. Ntamuntu uzashishikazwa no kuganira ku ndwara zo munda cyangwa kugaragara kwa Acne.
- Ubuzima Bwihariye . Birabujijwe rwose kuzamuka mu isi y'imbere y'undi muntu, ndetse kurushaho gerageza kumuha inama, gusangira ibitekerezo byayo kubuzima nuburambe. Kurugero, niba umara undi muntu mumakimbirane yabakunzi babiri, ntabwo bizaba byiza. Amakimbirane akemuwe yigenga, kandi undi muntu azakomeza kuba akabije kandi ahamwa n'icyaha.
Inama
Igice cyingenzi mubuzima bwumuntu uwo ari we wese ufatwa nkitumanaho. Murakoze, ntushobora kugera gusa gutsinda mu mwuga wawe, shiraho umubano n'umuryango wawe, ahubwo ushimangire inshuti nshya. Nkuko bizwi, icyateye byinshi namakimbirane muri couple ni ibintu byoroshye kubahiriza no kumva uwo mukunzi. Byongeye kandi, gutinya itumanaho bituma abantu bafite irungu kandi batishimye. Kugira ngo ube umuvugizi mwiza ku nshuti, abagize umuryango, abo mukorana kandi bakagera ku ntsinzi mu nzego zose z'ubuzima, ugomba gukurikiza inama z'inzobere.
- Nturambirwe . Rimwe na rimwe, mugihe ushishikajwe ninkuru yimyidagaduro, urashobora kubona uko yakoresheje. Ni ukubera ko badashishikajwe no kubyumva. Gukosora ibintu, ugomba kurangiza ikiganiro no gutanga amahirwe yo kuvugana nabandi. Birakenewe kwemerera interlocutor gutangiza inkuru ye. Bidasanzwe bihagije, ariko abantu benshi nkumuntu uvugana na bike, ariko yumva byinshi.
- Muganire ku nyungu z'abanyaminyabikorwa . Niba usabye umuntu kubyerekeye ibyo akunda, ni ukuvuga 80% byashoboka ko ikiganiro gikomeje. Byongeye kandi, ni ngombwa kwiga hakiri kare ibyo akunda abavugizi, ibi bizagufasha gushyigikira byoroshye kandi kubuntu. Ntabwo bizarinda byongerewe hamwe kugirango dusangire hamwe ninkuru nyinshi zishimishije ziva mubuzima bwawe (ibi birashobora kandi gukorwa mubyandikirwa).
- Guhora utezimbere charisma . Uyu mutungo wumutungo uhabwa benshi akivuka, abandi bakeneye gutezwa imbere imyaka myinshi. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi, wasangaga mu kiganiro, 7% byo kwitabwaho byitabwaho ku magambo, abasigaye bagwa ku kimenyetso cy'umubiri n'ijwi ryo kuvuga. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyo kuganira, ugomba kumwenyura no kuba amarangamutima, ntuzibagirwe ibimenyetso.
- Kubaho ubuzima bushimishije . Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze basaba kenshi kureba firime, ingendo, gusoma ibitabo no kuvugana n'abantu batandukanye. Biragaragara kandi neza ibitaramo, imurikagurisha, ibiganiro, nkuko mubibona abantu benshi bashimishije. Turabikesha ibi, isi yose izaguka kandi izaba ishoboka kwiyereka abandi nkumuvugizi mwiza.
- Hamagara interineti ukoresheje izina . Mbere yo gutangira ikiganiro, ugomba gusaba guturika kwimenyekanisha no gukoresha izina rye ikindi mubiganiro.
- Irinde interuro hamwe n'amagambo . Ntibikenewe kugerageza "kuba umunyabwenge" no kwiha umwanya wihariye ukoresheje amagambo yubumenyi bwikiganiro mubiganiro. Nibyiza kwerekana ibitekerezo n'amagambo yoroshye, imvugo kandi rero azumva icyo agereranya kuvuga.
Usibye hejuru yavuzwe haruguru, Ugomba guhora ugaragaza ibitekerezo bibi muburyo bwiza . Menyako, menya neza, birashoboka, ariko ntushobora kwibagirwa kubaha abandi.
Ibitekerezo byose byugarije aderesi zabo bigomba kugaragara neza, byiza gufata ishimwe no gushaka ubufasha mugihe bikenewe.
