Iki nikimenyetso gitangaje, ariko igitekerezo cya "Origami", ibyo dukoresha muri iki gihe, mubyukuri, mvumburwa gusa mu 1880. Mbere yiyi, ubukorikori bwimpande enye bwitwa "Orikit" (byerekana neza "imibare ikubye"). Origami ikunzwe cyane mu Buyapani, mu bindi bihugu byinshi byo muri Aziya, harimo n'Ubushinwa, n'ubu buhanga muri ubu buzwi ku isi yose.
Ninde kandi Orimide yazanye ryari?
Origami ni ubwoko bwihariye bwo gushushanya kandi bukoreshwa nubuhanzi, igihugu cyaturutse mubushinwa bwa kera. Hano harifatizo ko impapuro zavumbuwe icyarimwe, kandi nibi nibikoresho nyamukuru bivamo imibare yo guhanga. Izina ry'ubuhanga riva mu magambo y'Ubuyapani "Ori" - "Ongeraho" na "Kami" - Impapuro (rimwe na rimwe gisobanurwa nk "Imana"). Muri rusange, Origami ni kurema ubuhanga butandukanye bwimibare yose kuva impapuro zidasanzwe kubana nabakuze.
Ubwa mbere, ubwoko bwagushusho bwakoreshejwe mumadini bityo abihayimana ni bo bonyine n'abahagarariye abanyacyubahiro bashoboye kubikora. Byafashwe ko ubukorikori nk'ubwo bugomba gushobora gukora ku mpapuro abantu bose bafite umwanya wo hejuru muri sosiyete. Rero, ibinyejana byinshi bishize aho umwuga wafatwaga nkubwiza. Hagaragaye kuri ubu buhanzi bwatumye bishoboka gukwirakwiza imigenzo yumuco kwisi.
Iterambere ryinshi ryumuyaga kandi ritanga cyane Origami ryabaye mu Buyapani. Abayapani basanzwe mu gihe cy'ingoma ya Hayene, yabayeho kuva 794 kugeza 1185, akenshi yakoresheje imibare itandukanye yo gushyira mu bikorwa imihango itandukanye. Kurugero, Samurai yashyikirije mugenzi wawe ibimenyetso bimwe byamahirwe muburyo bwimiterere yimpapuro. Origami yakundaga kubahiriza ibirori byubukwe: ku munsi w'ibyabaye inyenzi nyinshi zaremewe impapuro zabashyingiranywe.
Ubu buhanzi mu gihe cyo hagati yabonetse no mu bindi bihugu, atari Abanyaziya gusa, ahubwo n'Uburayi.
Mu Burayi, ikibabaje, nta makuru menshi yerekeye uburyo ubuhanga bwo hiyongereyeho imibare yateye imbere. Icyakora, azwi kumenya neza ko, nk'urugero, Abarabu batangiye gukora Origami mu gicuku mu kinyejana cya 6, Maurusi yazanye ubu buhanga mu gice cya Pyrenean mu kinyejana cya 9. Abadage batangiye gushyiraho imibare iri mu binyejana bya xv-XVI. Mu bihugu by'Uburayi, Origami yakoreshwaga mu birori. Ariko mubyukuri imyambarire mu Burayi, ubu buhanzi bwumwimerere bwahindutse gusa ibinyejana bya xvii-xviiii, mugihe hamaze kuba harasanzwe harafite tekinoroji nyinshi ya kera. Muri XIX, Origami yakiriye ibiciro bishya byasaga. Friedrich Fabells, akora ibigo byuburezi, yemereye gutangira gukoresha Origami kugirango afashe abana gutsimbataza urutoki ruto.
Kuva mu kinyejana cya 20, Origami yabaye icyerekezo cy'imihindagurikire y'imyambarire mu buhanzi. Noneho ubwoko bwumwimerere bwubuhanzi, nka origami yubu bwoko bwa modular, nabwo bwahimbwe. Iri koranabuhanga ryarindirwa cyane nishusho. Muburyo busanzwe bwimibare ya origami ahanini igorofa kandi irazikuza mu kibabi kimwe. Muri tekinike ya modular, igishushanyo kizaba kigizwe numubare runaka, winjijwe muri buriwese murwego rwifuzwa. Nkigisubizo, hari ibicuruzwa byinshi.
Gutezimbere Ikoranabuhanga
Ubukorikori bwa Claric buke burashobora kugaragara nkibishusho byiza - mubisanzwe ninyamaswa cyangwa ibintu bifite isura imwe gusa kandi ntibishobora guhagarara muburyo buke. Ubu buhanga burema injangwe n'idubu, shelegi hamwe nizindi mibare myinshi ishimishije. Iyi nkuru ivuga ko muri buri miterere yisi hariho ibiranga ubu buhanga bushimishije, bitewe nigihe byageze mugihugu runaka kandi nkuko bigaragara.
Kurugero, abana bose bo mu Burusiya bakora ubwato cyangwa indege ziva ku mpapuro imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, badakeka ko aba bakunzwe bakunzwe na origami yoroheje ya Origi.
Icyamamare cyane ni tekinike zikurikira zo gukora imibare yo guhanga kuva impapuro zidasanzwe.
Origami yoroshye
Origami yoroheje yazanye icyongereza shobuja John Smith. Kwiyongera k'ubu buhanga ni uko mugihe cyo gushiraho imibare, gusa uburyo bwo kuzinga "agace" n "" ikibaya "gikoreshwa. Ubu buryo buratunganye kubanyabukorikori batangiye. Nta bitekerezo bigoye bisanzwe mubikoresho bisanzwe. Origami yoroshye origami ni tekinike batangira kwigisha abana ubu bwoko bwa asiyani.
Tekinike "Ukurikije Icyitegererezo"
Icyitegererezo ni uguhana muburyo bwo gushushanya neza, biri kuriyo bizaba ishusho yikizaza (hazabaho ibintu byose bihari nubutaka bwa figusi). Uzagomba gutanga gusa imiterere yumuntu wahisemo. Ariko inzobere nyinshi ziracyareba ubu buhanga bugoye kuba batangiye. Urakoze kuri ubu buryo bwumwimerere, birashoboka kuzinga ishusho ubwayo, kandi nibiba ngombwa, kugirango umenye neza uko byakozwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, uburyo bukoreshwa mugutezimbere prototypes zigezweho.
Tekinike ya "itose" origami
Yahimbwe na Shebuja ubuhanga witwa Akir Esidzava. Yahisemo gusa gukoresha nta mazi manini cyane kugirango atange plastike. Gukoresha amazi, imibare itangira kubona uburyo bworoshye bwimirongo, ibiranga bihinduka byinshi bigaragarira kandi bikomeye.
Ubu buryo bugomba gukoreshwa kubimera cyangwa imibare yinyamanswa, nkuko bigaragara cyane . Byongeye kandi, tubikesha tekinike ya "itose", imibare yarangije isa neza. Kuburyo nkubwo, impapuro zidasanzwe zikoreshwa, zishingiye kuri kole idasanzwe. Hamwe nacyo, impapuro za fibre zizahuzwa neza.
Kushudama
Ubu ni ubwoko bwa modular ikunzwe origami. Intangiriro yumurimo nukusanya ishusho muburyo bwikibindi cyibice byinama. Kugirango umuntu wanyuma aramba, aya makuru asanzwe akomereza hamwe. Hamwe nubuhanga, urashobora gukora ibishushanyo bitangaje kumabara yimpapuro hanyuma ubishyireho imbere mumazu ayo ari yo yose.
Ubuhanzi muri iki gihe
Headay ya Origami ku isi yaje ahita nyuma y'intambara yo mu 1945, igihe Origami, hamwe n'abasirikare b'Abanyamerika, bakubitaga muri Amerika, kandi bamaze gato - mu bihugu byinshi by'Uburayi.
By the way, ubuhanzi busa na Origami, rimwe na rimwe byagaragaye byigenga mubihugu bitandukanye. Kurugero, ishuri ryimpapuro muri Espagne rizwi, rifitanye isano nizina rya Miguel UU. Iri shuri icyarimwe ryagabanije tekinike yo kuzinga impapuro zigenda no mu bihugu bya Amerika. Abatuye muri Espagne bazanye uburyo bwabo bwo gukora imibare ya kera, kandi mubyongeyeho, bahimbwe kandi bashya (uburyo bushya (uburyo bwo gukora impapuro patrites).
Ubuhanzi bwa Origami bwagaragaye mu karere k'Ubufaransa hafi yerekeza ku mpera za XIX, kandi yakoreshejwe n'abapfumu - bari mu maso ya ruganda rusanzwe, bakora inyoni nto ku mpapuro zisanzwe, zahiye amababa .
Buri gihugu cyemeje ibihangano bya Origami ya kera, uzirikana imigenzo yabo bwite.
Mu Buholandi, kurema impapuro zerekezaho ibyuma kandi bishyira mu bikorwa, bihagaze aho umwe hamwe no kudoda no kuboha makame.
Mu Burusiya, tekinoroji ya Origami igeragezwa nk'ubuhanga bwo guhugura mu ishuri ry'incuke n'amashuri . Abarimu bamaranye n'amasomo y'abana, babereka, uburyo bwo kongeramo ubukorikori butandukanye mu rufatiro rwihariye. Ubuhanga bwo guhanga bugufasha guteza imbere moto maremare gusa, ahubwo iranatekereza, kimwe no kwibuka, logique.
Gakondo ya origami ifite urufatiro rukuru. Ariko, uyumunsi urashobora guhura byoroshye nkibi byiyoroshya muri mpandeshatu, urukiramende, polygon.
Ibintu bishimishije
Byemezwa ko igitabo cya mbere cya Origami cyacapwe mu 1797, cyatandukanijwe n'izina rivuga cyane "Sembakura Orikat" ("Uburyo bwo kubaka Cranes 1000"). Umwanditsi w'i Madamu wa Asigato Rito yasobanuwe muri byo atari uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora imibare, angahe gushimangira imigenzo y'umuco w'igihugu cye.
Mu gitabo cya Guinness Records, urashobora kubona ibyagezweho bidasanzwe bijyanye na tekinike ya Origami. Hano hari inyandiko ya origami igoye cyane origami, igishushanyo cyinshi, icyitegererezo gito cyane nibindi bitara.
By the way, uhereye ku mpapuro zashyizweho na Zhuravlik kuva 1999 ari ikimenyetso cyamahoro kwisi yose. Vuba aha, impapuro nini nini cyane yashinzwe. Uburebure bwabwo bwarenze m 6, yapimye 794 kg. Crane yari nini cyane ku buryo yagombaga kwegeranya no kwerekana abari aho kuri stade nini.
Indi yaremye origami yo kurema Erigami, akira nitia, yashyizeho crane nto cyane mwisi ya microscopique impapuro za microscopique hamwe nibipimo 0.1x0.1. Akire yagombaga gukora iki gikorwa cyo gukinisha abifashijwemo na tweezers yabigize umwuga na microscope nziza.
Mubisanzwe, imibare yabapani yaremwe muburyo bwihariye bwimpapuro. Basters zigezweho barashobora gukoresha byoroshye impapuro zipfunyika kumugambi nkizo, rimwe na rimwe ushobora gusanga imibare kuva muri bombo kuva bombo. Impapuro zisanzwe zikoreshwa kenshi. Impano yo guhanga cyane irashobora kuba figurine, yakubye neza kuva inoti.
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Amafoto