Mu muco w'uburayi nta kiyiko, ntawe ushobora gukora. Ikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye. Ingano nuburyo imiterere yimbonerahamwe biterwa nintego zayo: Ikawa, icyayi, desert. Duhita twumva icyo tuzabaho, cyangwa ikindi cyiciro, kandi ntimutekereze ko iki kintu cyahimbwe kandi igihe yabonaga adukize asanzwe kuri twe.
Amateka nubwihindurize bwa Sposon
Ikiyiko ni igihangano cya kera kuburyo bidashoboka gushiraho umwanya wo kubaho kwayo. Abashakashatsi bahamagaye itariki y'amavuko, igereranya ihindagurika kuva kumyaka itatu kugeza kuri irindwi. Ntabwo bizwi ninkomoko yizina ryiri jambo. Abahanga mu by'indimi babona umuzi rusange mu magambo "lick" cyangwa "kuniga", kimwe n '"logi", bisobanura "kwiyongera". Birashoboka kuva ahereye mu kigereki - "kumira".
Umuntu azi neza ko ikiyiko cyagaragaye mbere. Irashobora kurya ibiryo bikomeye kandi byamazi, hamwe na fork - biragoye gusa.
Isi ya kera
Gutandukanya ibiyiko byakoreshejwe abantu ba mbere, ibi byari ibisasu byo mu nyanja, igice cyibiti byubwenge cyangwa amababi yuzuye ibimera. Kugeza ubu, imiryango imwe n'imwe muri Afurika no muri Amerika yepfo ikoresha ibishishwa byiza bya Mollusks. Ibiyiko byambere byakozwe nabantu basa nkibishyo bito hamwe nibumba rigufi. Nyuma kugirango iki kintu cyakoresheje ibiti, amagufwa n'amahembe yinyamaswa, ndetse na nyuma yicyuma.
Ubucukuzi bwemeje ko Muri Egiputa ya kera, twakoresheje kwiyoroshya mu kinyejana cya gatanu kugeza mu gihe cyacu, "ibicuruzwa nk'ibyo bikozwe mu mabuye byabonetse. Abagereki ba kera bakoze ibiyiko muri pearl. Abacukuzi b'ibyataburuwe mu matongo basanze bahuje imbonerahamwe y'amayobe y'amatungo n'amagufwa y'amafi mu kinyagihumbi cya gatatu kugeza ibihe byacu. Mu gihe cye cy'imico y'Abaroma n'Abagereki, ibikoresho by'umuringa na feza bikoreshwa mu kurya ibiryo byagaragaye.
Imyaka yo hagati
Mu Burusiya, ibiyiko byatangiye gusaba ibinyejana byinshi mbere kuruta ahasigaye Uburayi. Mu Ngoma, gahunda ya Prince Vladimir (WC) ivugwa na shobuja kugirango ukore ibiyiko bya feza kubitsinda ryabo. Muri iki gihe Mu Burusiya, ibiyiko bimaze gukoreshwa ahantu hose. Mu miryango imwe n'imwe, abanyabukorikori ubwabo bagize kurya ibiryo byo kurya ibiryo. Ariko mubihe byinshi byakoresheje ibicuruzwa bya lodger-glardger. Nkuko ibikoresho bikoreshwa: Aspen, Maple, Birch, Linden, Plum, Igiti cya Apple. Ibi byari ibicuruzwa byoroshye kandi bifatika. Babaye impimbano kandi barashushanya nyuma.
Usibye Ubutaliyani n'Ubugereki, bamenyereye ibikoresho bimaze kurya bikabije, mu kinyejana cya Xiii, abantu bo mu Burayi bagaragaye ko ibiyiko bya feza. Ku miyoboro yashushanyaga abanyeshuri ba Yesu Kristo, nuko ameza atangira kwita "ibiyiko by'intumwa."
Renaissance
Mu kinyejana cya XV, usibye umuringa na feza, batangiye gutanga ibintu byoroheje kuva kuri umuringa n'umuringa. Icyuma cyari gisuzumwa amahirwe yabatunzi, abakene bakoreshwaga nibicuruzwa.
Epoch yo Kumurikirwa
Peter uwambere yagiye gusura nibikoresho byayo. Gukurikiza urugero rwe, umuco washizweho mu Burusiya: kujya gusura, fata ikiyiko. Mu kinyejana cya XVII, igihe Aluminum yafunguwe, kwiyoroshya kwa mbere kuri iyi byuma kwatanzwe gusa n'abashyitsi bubahwa, hasigaye kurasa hamwe na feza. Muri icyo kinyejana kimwe, ibiyiko bizengurutse byungutse bisanzwe kandi byoroshye kugaragara. Byongeye kandi, imyambarire yafunze icyayi cyo kunywa yateje umusaruro wo guhagarika ubunini butandukanye. Kugeza ubu birimo kugaragara kwa teaspoons, kandi birenze urugero - na kawa.
Imyambarire mu myambarire miremire kandi yagize uruhare mu guhindura ibuye - hakenewe ikiganza kirekire, cyatumye iki kintu gisa na ki kigezweho.
XIBILIYA
Ikidage E. Geithner Mbere mu Burayi (1825) yatangiye gutanga ibintu by'umuringa, Zinc na Nikeli Ibicuruzwa bisaba bihendutse kuruta ifeza, abakora benshi b'Abanyaburayi batangiye kubishyira mu bicuruzwa byabo. Uyu munsi, ikiyiko cyitwa Melchiorov, kandi ntibabageze babura ukumenya.
Xx, ikinyejana cya xxi
Gufungura ibyuma bitagira ingaruka mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishize byahindutse impinduka mu mateka yo kwiyota. Noneho iyi byuma kizakora 80% yibiyiko byose kuri iyi si. Chrome, yinjiye mubicuruzwa, igabanya ibyondarora.
Uyu munsi, ibiyiko bikabyara bitandukanye na alloys, ariko ifeza yameza iracyafite icyubahiro.
Ibintu bishimishije
Ibiyiko bisa nkibikoresho bisanzwe, bimenyerewe. Ariko, amaze gutsinda inzira ndende, babaye abitabiriye inkuru nyinshi zishimishije. Kurugero, ntabwo abantu bose bazi aho imvugo ngo "yakubise ibibyimba" byaturutse, nubwo abantu bose bazi ko bavugane kubanebwe. Mu rubanza rwa Lodkuri hari aho woroshye - birasenyuka gucamo ibice (biscuits) bihinduka ubusa kubintu biri imbere. Mu gukora ibiyiko, ibibyimba byafatwaga nkubucuruzi bworoshye kandi byashyizweho mubicanyi banesha ubusumbane.
Mu minsi yashize abantu bose bafite ikiyiko cye. Igihe uruhinja rwavutse agaragara n'amenyo ya mbere atangira kubona ikindi giryo, usibye amata y'ababyeyi, yahawe ikiyiko gito. Byasuzuwe: Niba ikozwe mu ifeza cyangwa zahabu, umwana mugihe kizaza ntacyo azakenera. Kuri gasutamo, abantu ba kijyambere bakunze kuvurwa, baha umwana ikiyiko cya feza "ku menyo."
Abantu bizeraga ibindi bimenyetso bifitanye isano no kwimurika:
- Gushyira amahirwe y'ibiyiko bibiri mu gikombe kimwe, urashobora kwitega ubukwe;
- Ikiyiko cyaguye ku meza - tegereza ko asuye umugore, icyuma kigabanuka - umuntu azaba;
- Kwiyongera kwinyongera kwari kumeza mugihe cyo kuryamana cyumuryango - hazabaho umushyitsi;
- Ntibishoboka gukomanga kumeza hamwe n'ikiyiko - ibibazo bizaza;
- Abarinda ikiyiko nyuma yo kurya, bategereje ko bashyingiranwa mukwe.
Ikintu cyimbonerahamwe cyagize uruhare mu buzima bwabanyeshuri cyahise. Mu kinyejana cya XIX, urubyiruko rukira inyigisho muri kaminuza ya Kazan, mbere yuko buri kizamini kiryamiye icyayi munsi yicyoga kugirango utsinde ikizamini. Biragoye kuvuga icyo ingingo yinjijwe muri uru rutonde, ariko abanyeshuri bizeraga ko akora. Muri kaminuza ya Cambridge, ikiyiko cyakoreshejwe mu kindi gihe: Kinariyo yataye yaciwe mu giti gifite ubunini bw'iterambere ryabantu kandi ritanga umunyeshuri winyuma nkikimenyetso cyo guhumurizwa.
Umwigisha uzwi cyane wa Surivalm Salvador Dali yakoresheje ikiyiko nkisaha yo gutabaza. Afite akamaro kanini kumunsi, ariko ntiyashakaga kumarana umwanya munini kuri we. Umuhanzi asinzira mu ntebe ukunda, umuhanzi yabitse imbonerahamwe mu ntoki. Igihe yaguye, Dali yabyutse amajwi. Iki gihe yari ahari kugarura imbaraga gukomeza akazi.
Ikintu gito, nkigiyiko, gifite amateka maremare kandi ni ikintu cyingenzi cyubuzima bwacu.
Muri videwo ikurikira uzasangamo inkuru yikiyiko mumashusho.