ERHU - Ibi nibyo bita umwe mumoko ya violon y'Ubushinwa. Ibiranga imiterere n'ijwi, kimwe no ku mateka y'iki gicuramuzi, bizaganirwaho mu ngingo.
Ibisobanuro
Erhu ni inanga ya kera y'Abashinwa, ari mu muryango w'imigezi ya Brook ibikoresho bya muzika. Bifatwa nk'ubwoko bwibikoresho byabashinwa huzin.
Izina Erhu rifite ibisobanuro byayo. Rero, inyuguti yambere "er" irasobanurwa ngo "ebyiri", na kabiri "hu", nka "inyuma".
Hamagara igikoresho cya muzika gifite ivuburiro gakondo ryuzuye, aho benshi bamenyereye, bigoye. Ifite intera iri muri octaves hamwe nimigozi 2 gusa, ikozwe muri silka kandi iratangajwe numucuranzi mugihe cyumukino nintoki. Ibice byayo nyamukuru biriyongereye ku murongo, igorofa, ibiti byumvikana, bishobora kuba ibitutsi cyangwa imisiku, kimwe n'inzoka z'inzoka.
Byongeye kandi, ibi birimo igikoresho cyibikoresho. Mbere, igikoresho cyose, harimo n'ijosi, cyari kirekire kuri santimetero 60. Ariko, ubu yiyongereye cyane mubunini, kuva uburebure bwijosi bwatangiye kugera hafi ya metero zose, aribo: santimetero 80. Ni ijosi imirongo ihujwe no gukoresha icyuma.
Umubiri wibikoresho ukozwe ahanini ku giti cyinshi, nk'indabyo cyangwa ebony.
Umuheto umera, utuma imigano yimigano ifatanye nigikoresho. Hamwe nacyo, injyana ikomoka. Umuheto ubwayo ufite umugozi wacyo, ukorwa mu mbaraga z'amafarashi. Mubisanzwe bikosorwa hagati yimirongo ibiri yingenzi kugirango we hamwe na Her Hehu ari umwe.
Ku mikino, iyi bowbell yakuwe muri rosin kugirango yongere guterana amagambo. Iki cyiciro abacuranzi bitondera cyane.
Niba umuheto aribeshya, ntabwo aribyiza bihagije, noneho ijwi ryibikoresho bya muzika bizagoreka cyane, kandi aho kuba melody nziza hazabaho ibintu byiza, bikata, amajwi.
Amateka y'ibikoresho bya muzika
Ubushinwa bufite ibikoresho byinshi bya muzika bishobora kwitwa hafi ya Erhu, mubyukuri, kera. Helehu ni muto, afite imyaka igihumbi.
Buri cyiciro cyo gushiraho iki gikoresho cyumuziki kizagorana kubora hejuru. Kuva kera, yafatwaga nk'igikoresho cya barumuna, akenshi cyahinduye cyane hamwe n'amatsinda ya Moor y'abantu.
Ku nshuro ya mbere, Erhu yatangaje mu turere twamajyaruguru rw'Ubushinwa. Kubera inkomoko yayo, igikoresho cyafatwaga nkubukwa.
Icyakora, yaje ku bahinzi. Bakoze abantu babo barambikaho, aho basobanuye ubuzima busanzwe bwa buri munsi, bavuze ko hari ibintu bisanzwe, nko kuroba na parari.
Abashaka rwose Erhu yabaye mugihe gikwiye, ni ukuvuga mu kinyejana cya VII-X bimaze igihe.
Nyuma yigihe runaka, iki gicuraramu cyumuziki cyarushijeho kwishora mubice bitandukanye ndetse no muri Orchestre ya Opera ya Beijing. Byabaye bikunze kugaragara mu Bushinwa ahantu hose - haba mu cyaro no mu mijyi.
Nubwo ibyo byose, kubaha iki gikoresho ntabwo byakoresheje ibi, byongeye kubaho kubera "abanyabyaha" bye. Ijwi ryayo nkuko igikoresho cya Solo gishobora kumvikana gake cyane.
Bamushimye kubera umucuranzi nkaya, nka liu tiania. Byaramukemukiye Erhu yakiriye uko ibintu byahujwe byuzuye. Kimwe mu bikorwa bizwi cyane ni injyana ifite izina "Isoko rya kabiri ryerekana ukwezi," ubu ni umuco.
Erchi yunguka azwi cyane nyuma yo kwerekana imyigaragambyo mu 2004 kuri TV ya Gala-igitaramo gishya ", yitangiye umwaka mushya mu Bushinwa.
Igitekerezo cyiza, harimo umuziki nibyinona zitandukanye, aho umuco nyawe wabashinwa, watanze ibitekerezo byiza kubantu.
Rero, mu 2006, ibitaramo nk'ibi byateguwe mu mijyi myinshi minini hafi ya bose. Mu mwaka wa 2008, ibitaramo byongeye gukorwa, n'imijyi yateguwemo, byiyongereye, nk'uko bimeze, umubare wabantu basuye ibyabaye.
Ibyishimo bidasanzwe by'abaterankunga byateje rwose inanga. Ku gikoresho cyakoze ibihimbano by'umuziki by'umucuranzi uzwi cyane, Madamu Qi SiaoChun, yize umukino kuri Erihu se. Uyu mukobwa numwe mubakinnyi bazwi cyane kuri Erhu.
Uretse we, Igitabo cyigikoresho cyagize uruhare kuri shebuja wumukino kuri Erhu nka George Gao.
Muri iki gihe, umva ijwi rya Erhu ntushobora gusa kubitaramo nkibi, ahubwo no muri opera na theater, aribyo: muburyo butangaje. Byongeye kandi, ERHU ikoreshwa cyane nitsinda ritandukanye.
Nkuko byumvikana
Ijwi rya Erhu riri rinanutse, nkaho Shelkovoy. Niyo mpamvu iki gikoresho gikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byumuziki byoroshye. Iki gikoresho cyoroshye cyo kunezeza no kurira, no kwishongora, ndetse no gutsinda ikirere cyibiganiro byihariye. Mu maboko ya Databuja, arashobora kwigana amajwi ya kamere, igishyitsi cy'inyoni, ibitonyanga by'imisozi, ibitonyanga by'impeshyi, hejuru y'umuyaga, umuyaga, andi majwi.
Umukino wa Tekinike
Mu bubabare bwo kwiga umukino ku gicurarango nk'icyo, nka Erhu, birashoboka ko atangira kuva mu myaka 4 gusa.
Muburyo bwumukino, ERHU iherereye ihagaritse, mugihe yegamiye ukuguru mu ivi. Umuheto icyarimwe agomba kuba mu kuboko kw'iburyo k'umuhanzi, hamwe n'intoki z'undi rugero agomba gukanda imigozi.
Birakwiye ko tumenya ko gushakisha inyandiko zikenewe, imirongo yibikoresho irafatwa kugirango badakora ku gukomera.
Ikaze risanzwe kumukino kuri Erhu ni "Transvers vibrato". Ihame ryayo nuko mugihe ukora imashini yumucuranzi kumurongo hasi, ihindura igikoresho cyamajwi runaka.
Urashobora kumva amajwi ya erhu muri videwo yerekanwe hepfo.