Saxophone (Amafoto 49): Niki? Tenor na Soprano, Baritone nandi moko, guhitamo injangwe n'umunwa. Bireba iki kandi byumvikana neza gute?

Abakunzi b'umuziki ni ngombwa cyane kumenya icyo aricyo - saxhophone, nkuko isa nuburyo imeze. Abashushanya bateje imbere itandukaniro ritandukanye - tentor na Soprano, Baritone nandi moko. Usibye ibihe nkibi no guhitamo injangwe n'umunwa, birakenewe kumenyera ibintu byinshi bishimishije.

Niki?

Saxophone nimwe mu bahagarariye abantu b'imiryango y'ibiti by'ibiti. Nibicuruzwa bishya ugereranije - ibishushanyo bisa byagaragaye gusa muri 1840. Saxophone ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri orchestre na Symphony. Ariko iki gikoresho kirashobora kuba wenyine (hamwe nintoki muri orchestre yateguwe cyangwa ensemble).

Igikoresho cyakozwe na Inzobere mu Bubiligi Sax, urashobora rero kuvuga ufite icyizere ko iyi ari "igikoresho" "cyanditswe". Kuri Saxyo terefone, jazzmen n'abahagarariye ubwoko nk'ubwo mu muziki bukunze gukina. Ariko, ibikoresho birasabwa rwose muri umuziki wa pop.

Ibyiza byikibazo nkicyo bifitanye isano nubushobozi butangaje bwigishushanyo kandi nukuri ko itanga timbre timding. Muri tekiniki ya tekiniki, nta shami muri ibyo bikoresho.

Muburyo busa nigituba muburyo bwa cone. Gukoresha ibicuruzwa byayo:

• Umuringa;
• Umuringa utukura;
• Pakfong.

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Tompac na Pakfong nuko amonyom ya mbere irimo umuringa na zinc, na nikel Ongeraho kuwa kabiri. Ifunguro rya saxhone iyo ari yo yose rikozwe ku cyunamo na chubuk. Ariko hariho ibikoresho byinshi byibikoresho bidafashwe kubera uburebure buke. Ariko, hari uburyo butari buke bushobora gutegurwa muburyo bwinshi.

Kandi, ahanini ya Saxophone igabanijwemo ibintu 3 bihuriweho:

• impanda;
• umubiri nyamukuru;
• Umuyoboro ukomeza wakiriye izina ryinkomoko "eska".

Ni ku muyoboro urwa umunwa watewe, bisa na Clarinet Analogue kandi nanone byibutsa urumuri. Kugirango ubone umunwa wa Saxofone urashobora gusaba:

• plastike;
• Ebonite Umukara;
• ibyuma.

Kubera ko Saxophonies zirashobora gukina muburyo butandukanye nuburyo ibintu bihuza amajwi yifuzwa. Itandukaniro ryingenzi hagati ya verisiyo zayo zireba "pasta" n "" ikiruhuko ". Ijambo rya mbere ryerekana intera itandukanya inkweto hamwe nisonga ryumunwa. Iya kabiri nuburebure bwumugambi wubusa muri leta yakandamijwe kumunwa. Munsi yumunwa, nibyiza kubigize umuco nibibi kubindi, ubwoko bwumuziki bugezweho.

Agaciro kanini kugirango isura yijwi yifuze ifite igice - inkoni nto. Mugushinga ntabwo bigoye kwitiranya inkoni ya Clarinet. Uburyo gakondo bivuze ko iki gice kiboneka kumuzi, inkoni, imigano. Ariko hagamijwe kuzigama, ibikoresho bya synthesised bikoreshwa cyane. Ku mukoni usabana n'umunwa, bahujwe na Medigature. Nibyoroshye - gusa clamp ntoya hamwe na screw.

Igishushanyo cya kera cya Saxohophone bisobanura gukoresha metature Liguture. Ariko jazzmen nabacuranzi bompaga ihitamo igikoresho gifite igice kibisi cyuruhu nyarwo. Iremerera ikoma guhindagurika cyane. Mubihe bitandukanye, inkoni irashobora kwangirika cyane. Ingofero ikingira zigomba kwambara kumunwa ibikoresho bidakoreshwa bifasha kubyirinda.

Saxophone iyo ari yo yose ifite indangagaciro za 19-22 (bitewe n'ubwoko). Iyi valve complex itanga gufunga no gufungura umwobo wumubiri mugihe gikwiye. Umukino nugukanda no kurekura urufunguzo rwumuntu kuri clavier mugihe gikwiye.

Abanyamwuga babikora byoroshye kandi byoroshye. Nkigisubizo, barashobora gukina nindirimbo zigoye cyane.

Amateka yo Kurema

Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, Umuremyi wa Saxophone ni Adolf Sax, kandi uhevukira iki gikoresho ni Ububiligi. Sax ntabwo yari umuntu udasanzwe mwisi y'ibikoresho bya muzika - yakoraga mugihe runaka mumahugurwa adasanzwe ndetse anashoboye kubona patenti nyinshi. Sax yakoze ikibazo cyingenzi muri kiriya gihe - uburyo bwo gukuraho ibinyuranye mu gucukura, byagaragaye hagati y'ibikoresho bivuye ku giti n'ibikoresho bivuye ku giti, bisanzwe mu orchestre y'umuringa. Mu cya gatatu cya mbere cya XIX ikinyejana, abitwa abitwa bwari bumaze guhimbwa kubwiyi ntego.

Ariko iri terambere ntiritunganye bihagije kandi rifite ubwoba; Nyuma ya 1850, ikoreshwa mu manza zonyine. Hagati aho, gukenera gufunga ibiti hagati ya "umuringa" n '"igiti" byumviswe cyane. Kandi muburyo bwo gushakisha kuri Sax yahimbye ubwonko bwayo buzwi cyane.

Saxophone hakiri kare yagaragaye ku gutangaza abaturage muri Kanama 1841. Mu magambo y'ishami ry'inganda i Buruseli, yagaragaye ku izina ry '"umusirikare mukuru" - nk'uko umuntu witezimbere ubwe atifuzaga gutanga ihungabana izina rye bwite.

Birazwi ko igikoresho:

• Byakozwe mu cyuma;
• yari afite umubiri w'imiterere ya cone;
• Umunwa wuzuye ufite inkoni imwe (yahinduye clarinet, mubyukuri);
• yagaruye urutonde rwa BEMOVSKY impeta ifatika;
• Muri rusange, yarayobewe.

Ntabwo imurikagurisha ryafashijwe gusa guteza imbere ibicuruzwa byawe Sax. Yashoboye kwifashisha ubucuti bwe na Herctor berlioz, ahanini afata udushya twose mu ruzitiro rwa muzika. Kandi ni Berlioz wahaye igikoresho iryo zina ubu azwi ku migabane yose. Ku nshuro ya mbere yakoreshwaga mu kinyamakuru cyasohowe n'uwahimbye ku ya 12 Kamena 1842. Uruhare rwa berliposis ntirwagarukira kuri ibi - yateguye akazi ka mbere mu mateka, ateganya gushyira mu bikorwa imihindagurikire y'ikirenga cyangwa aremurwa kuva shobuja wa shobuja, maze muri Gashyantare 184 ahinduka umuyobozi mukuru w'akazi.

Umwaka umwe urangiye, Saxohophone yatumye hateguwe ibikoresho bye bya orchestre bikozwe na Premiere ya Opera yundi mwanditsi, kandi yerekanaga kandi mu imurikagurisha ry'inganda rya Paris. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1846, amasako yakira ipatanti y'Abafaransa kuri sisitemu y'ibikoresho bya muzika. Ariko, hashize umwaka umwe, Saxofoni hamwe na Saxcorn, Saxtrubs yaguze ingabo zubufaransa gusimbura ibikoresho bya muzika. Nyuma, uwahoze ari "umusirikare wahoze ari" umunwa "yakomeje gukurura ibitekerezo by'abahiga - cyane cyane gutekereza ku matara ya Opera. Ibikorwa bya Symphony byari biherekejwe numukino kuri Saxophone gake cyane; Rero, mumubare wa muzika wa biza kumusaruro utangaje wa "insanganyamatsiko" hari ibice bibiri binini, aho umucyo wa Saxophonist.

Imyaka 13, hagati ya 1857 na 1870, Sax yakoraga mu kwigisha umukino ku gikoresho cye mu ishami rya Gisirikare rya Conservatori ya Paris. Ibi byatanze imbuto zikomeye - hari abacuranzi benshi b'inararibonye, ​​n'abahimbyi basabye cyane cyane umuziki wa Saxofone. Ariko, mugihe cyintambara ya Franco-Prussian, abakata barakanguwe, kandi bidatinze, amahugurwa yahagaritswe burundu.

Nibyo, gutakaza inyungu muri Saxofone mu Burayi byari biherekejwe no kugaragara kwabasaruzi beza kurundi ruhande rwa Atalantika.

Ibikurikira bikurikira:

• 1900 - 1920s - kwiyongera kubisabwa mu bahimbyi ba kera;
• Kugaruka kugaruka kwa saxhone kuri pop nini kubyo bibaho bya mugitondo cya jazz;
• 1969 - Intangiriro ya Kongere yisi;
• 1995 - Gushiraho ikigo cya Saxofane cya Saxophone (aho byegeranye no kwiga ibikoresho byose bifite igipimo cyacyo, kandi nanone kwishora mu guteza imbere igikoresho).

Gusubiramo Ibinyabuzima

Socranino

Ku ikubitiro, Sax yazanye ubwoko 14 butandukanye bwibikoresho bye. Ariko buhoro buhoro benshi babyanze, kandi 8 gusa muribo ni bo bafatika. Isera ryarangwa nibipimo bike. Muri icyo gihe, ijwi ryinshi naryo riranga.

Birashoboka kugera kubikoresho byiza kandi byoroshye icyarimwe; Iki gikoresho gifatwa nabacuranzi gukora umuziki wamasahani, nuburyo bwabwo busanzwe - EB.

Imbaga na Sineylone

Ubu ni ubundi bwoko bwa mini-saxohophone. Hariho ibicuruzwa nkibi ni gake cyane. Mubisanzwe muburebure bangana na cm 30 cyangwa 33. Impamvu yo kwigana ubwinshi nuko ibikoresho nkibi bigoye kubyara.

Gusa uherutse inganda zumuziki zageze kurwego nkurwo mugihe ushobora kubyara byibuze urukurikirane rwa Sineylogo.

Soprano

Moderi nkiyi yakozwe na bb. Hariho ubwoko bwamazu butaziguye. Ikintu kiranga nijwi ryo hejuru kandi ritobora. Ariko icyarimwe yambuwe ubwoba nubupfura. Saxophone ni Soprano mubisabwa na kera, nabacuranzi ba pop. Nubwo bafite uburemere buke ugereranije, kandi ni bato kuri bo, kubatangiye, ibikoresho nkibi bihumye bike.

Gukina sograno ya saxofone habonetse neza gusa kubashyira amaboko. Ngombwa kandi neza. Ariko muri iri tegeko hari ibitagendanwa. Rero, ni Soprano, ntabwo ari igikoresho kinini cyane ku bana benshi. Abashobora gukora amaboko yabo kugirango bahangane nibicuruzwa binini - nubwo bigifite ubuhanga bwo guhumeka.

Alto

Uburyo saxophone isa na saxhone isa neza ijyanye no kubaka eb. Ihitamo rifatwa nkibyiza kubatangiye kumenya ubuhanga bwumuziki bwabakuze hamwe nabangavu bateye imbere. Alta irasa no gupima bike. Ibyiza byabo byingenzi ni uguhumuriza kurangiza clavier nuburyo bwa "humura". Ikindi cyubahiro gikomeye ni ibintu byinshi byumuziki, bituma kutagarukira ku mpeti mbi yinti nto; Niyo mpamvu abakundana, n'abahanzi babishoboye kandi babishoboye babishoboye bakoresha kimwe.

Tenor

Muri uru rubanza, sisitemu ya BB iraranga. Bene nka Saxophone ni nkeya gusa mugusabwa kuruta alta. Ni benshi, bapima byinshi kandi bakomoka nabi. Bafite hepfo, ariko icyarimwe umubare wuzuye.

Hifashishijwe tenor, injyana ntoya kandi ikomeye muri melodies, iyobora solo kandi iherekejwe nicwa riherekeza.

Saxophone-tenor ikoreshwa:

• Orchestre ishinzwe amasomo;
• Abakora Umuziki uzwi;
• Abacuranzi ba Gisirikare.

Baritone

Iki gikoresho gifite EB. Umubiri nyamukuru unamye kandi utoroshye hafi igice cya kabiri. Ibyo bita eska byapfunyitse muburyo bwuzuye. Ijwi rirangwa n'imbaraga no kwerekana ubujyakuzimu, ariko ibi bigezweho gusa hagati no kwiyandikisha bito.

Icyakora, bikunze kuvugwa ko ubukana bw'ibitabo byinshi bya Bariton-Saxomone ni ikintu gizwi cyane, harimo na orchestre ya gisirikare.

Bass na kabiri bass

Subtype yambere ikoresha cyane cyane BB, naho iya kabiri ni EB. Ibi bikoresho ubwabyo ntibikunze. Ibiranga ibiranga ni ingano nini cyane. Gusa abazahumeka nkabo bazakina kuri Saxyo nazo kandi bazagera kubikoresho. Ijwi no hepfo, kandi hejuru yurwego ni kimwe na barito, ndetse no kurushaho.

N'ibyiciro by'imikino, Saxyofone bigabanyijemo:

• imyitozo;
• elementary;
• Urwego rwumwuga.

Itandukaniro rifitanye isano nibikoresho byakoreshejwe. Rero, umucuranzi wujuje ibisabwa ntabwo akomeye akina kuri moderi ya plastiki. Bizashima neza kandi ergonomics, no kugaragara, kandi bifite ireme. Igiciro cyo guhindura neza, kimwe, kizaba kinini. Igice cyibicuruzwa byumwuga bishyikirizwa intoki nyuma yiteraniro ryuruganda rirangiye.

Kubatangiye, Saxoronic Saxoronic iragenewe. Ipima bike kandi byoroshye kumenya. Nibyo, ibicuruzwa nkibi bisaba isoko yamashanyarazi. Hafi ya byose bikozwe muri plastiki. Abanyamwuga bakunze kuvuga tekinike nkiyi hamwe no gukoraho agasuzuguro gato.

Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho

Ibi bigize ntabwo ari ngombwa kuruta igikoresho ubwacyo. Ahanini, urubanza rushyirwa hamwe na Saxophone. Mugihe habuze muri make nibyiza kugura CFR ukundi.

Yasabye gukoresha igice cya kabiri gipfundikijwe byibuze. Ku ngendo ndende n'imizigo, plastike ikomeye cyangwa hamwe n'ibiti biba ingirakamaro kuri hoteri.

Umukandara, ni Gaitan, arekura amaboko kandi yoroshya umukino. Umukandara ugereranywa n'imbaraga, ubugari, byoroshye no guhinduka. Kwiyongera kw'ingirakamaro ni padi ku munwa. Silicone cyangwa reberi ya reberi ikuraho amenyo hejuru yumunwa. Naho amenyo nigikoresho, kunyerera ntabwo ari ingirakamaro cyane, usibye, bitera kunyeganyega kwa saxofone.

Inkoni nigice kinini cyakazi cya Saxofone. Yatowe ukurikije ibipimo bya komine. Suridin ifite uruhare runini - itanga umukino utuje kandi wamahoro. Ntabwo ari uku kwirinda amakimbirane gusa, ahubwo no kuri Melode Nkuru. Mikoro kubikoresho irashobora kuba orspin yo hanze cyangwa ihujwe; Saxophone ubwayo ntabwo ikora, birasobanutse, nta guhagarara.

INAMA ZO GUHITAMO

Hitamo abatangiye amahitamo meza ntabwo bigoye nkuko bigaragara. Igikwiye kwirindwa neza, niko kopi nini. Uburyo bwo kwinjira bushingiye neza kuri moderi yo hejuru. Abantu bakuru rimwe na rimwe bahuza tenor. Witondere gusuzuma ireme ry'inteko n'ibiranga amajwi, bigomba ku buryo runaka; Abacuranzi b'inararibonye rimwe na rimwe bagarukira kukwumva moderi yakunzwe.

Ibara hitamo uburyohe bwabo. Kuva mubice bya Saxofone, umunwa nibyingenzi. Witondere kugenzura sisitemu no korohereza gufata inyandiko. Niba uteganya gukina umuziki runaka, fata igikoresho "munsi yacyo."

Nibyiza kumenyana no gusubiramo no kubaza abarimu ba muzizi.

Umukino wa Tekinike

Suzuma ibijyanye no gukomera kubikoresho ukeneye vuba bishoboka. Ariko gukina nkuko bikwiye, ibi ntibihagije. Intambwe yambere nugukuramo amajwi kuva umunwa, udahujwe na Saxofone. Noneho imyitozo izagenda byoroshye. Ntibishoboka gukanda inkoni, kuyifunga, ariko nanone ntibishoboka kubireka.

Kwihuta mugihe ukina kuri Saxophone bitemewe. Niba bigoye cyane gukuramo amajwi "nkumwuga" - kora uko bigaragara kandi ugenda wegera buhoro buhoro guhumeka neza. Ntutinye kugerageza kunanirwa, ariko birakwiye kugerageza, kwibuka ibintu byose bibaho. Umunwa ukurura umunwa gusa iyo iyo iminwa iruhura. Umwuka uhumeka binyuze ku mpande zabo, kandi rwose ntubigaragaze ubugari, ntuhumetse mu zuru.

Ibyifuzo:

• guteza imbere ububiko bw'imitsi;
• Tegura igitero gisobanutse ku mutwe;
• Ubuhanga bugezweho (Glissando, Gutezimbere, Dariferentine).

Nogence yo kwitaho

Umusatsi w'inararibonye azi ko ari byiza kongera gusukura igikoresho cyo kongera guhagarika ibibazo. Nko guhitamo guhindagurika, hafi ya Ntarengwa - byanze bikunze guhunga gusa amahitamo ahendutse. Birenze lubricant yakuweho nigitambaro.

Socket igishushanyo gihimba, ariko byibuze. Kuri screw liguture, amavuta hamwe na disishurikwa ikoreshwa.

Iyo umukino urangiye, ugomba kuvanaho ubushuhe kuva kumurongo. Igice nyamukuru kirasa, gihindura igikoresho. Condensate ikuraho ibihanagura uburemere. Kubintu ukeneye udasanzwe udatesha agaciro. Ubuvuri bukangura ibintu byumye hanyuma ushire mu nyanja, hanyuma uhanagure hejuru ya Saxofone; Byongeye kandi, rimwe kuri buri gihe amezi 5 - 6 yo gusiga ubukanishi.

Ibintu bishimishije

Ibisobanuro byinshi bidasanzwe bijyanye na Saxophone biri kubarembya. Ko:

• Hanze habaye kuzenguruka urupfu mu bwana (uhereye ku isafuro, uhereye ku isafuriya ishyushye, uhereye ku burozi ku mutwe, uhereye ku burozi ku ruzi, uhereye ku burozi butatu bw'uburozi bwo guhumeka neza );
• Yakoraga ku gicuruzwa cye cya mbere (ntaracyari saxhophone isukuye, ariko clarinet ya kijyambere) kuva ku myaka 16 kugeza kuri 20;
• Bikorewe kuri it umuyoboro utoroshye ko nyuma yo kuva mu kipe, bagomba kuva mu ntambara - ntibigeze batsinda undi;
• Mu 1840 yakiriye umudari wa zahabu w'imurikagurisha rya Buruseli no ... Kwanga kohereza kwe kubera ubusore bukabije;
• Mumurikagurisha ryo mu 1841, yerekanye Saxyophone ya mbere kubera umwenda kugira ngo amenye ko azi - uburyo mu ibanga;
• Amezi 5 mbere yo gutegura ipatanti, urukiko rwatakaye, rwavuze mu cyemezo "igikoresho cyitwa Saxophone ntikibaho kandi ntigishobora kubaho";
• inshuro nyinshi wahuye n'ihohoterwa - hamwe n'abacuranzi ba kubujijwe bakina Saxyofone, hamwe n'ingingo zo gusebanya n'amakarito mibi;
• Inshuro eshatu zagaragaye kugirangohombo.

Ababiligi bari bakwiriye kwishima kuko Saxophone yateje compatriot yabo. Igihe hakiri ifaranga ryayo mu gihugu, igishushanyo cya Adolf Sax cyarimbishijwe fagitire ya 200-Franc. Ariko mubuzima bwe, nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, shebuja yahuye nishyaka na Lodge urwango. Amaze kugerageza kumwica. Uyu munsi, urwibutso runini rwa Sax n'ingoro ndangamurage byamuhaye giherereye mu mujyi usa.

Mu mihanda yo kurya, amashusho yikigereranyo ya Saxophone irashobora kugaragara ku nyubako iyo ari yo yose. Iboneka muri Logos nyinshi. Urwibutso rwo Saxofone rufite rostov-on-Don.

Saxophonst Escalante yashoboye kubika inyandiko 1 muminota 90. Buri mwaka habaye ibyabaye kwibuka mu cyubahiro uwashizeho.