Domra (Amafoto 42): Igikoresho gito cyumuziki. Ni ubuhe kandi imirongo ingahe? Itandukaniro rya Dombra, Stroy, Domra Bass na Alta. Umukino no Gushiraho

Nkigikoresho gizwi cyane cyikirusiya, Domra, ntikiramenyekana. Nkuko bidasobanutse kugeza imperuka kandi niba ari umusaruro wumuziki utemewe muburusiya cyangwa ibikomeye bye biragoye kandi "guhuza amakuru" byerekana indangarugero yerekana inkomoko itandukanye. Ibyo ari byo byose, amateka y'ibikoresho arashimishije, kimwe n'ubushobozi bwe.

Niki?

Domra ni umugozi wogucamo-mubikoresho bifitanye isano na subgroup yabantu babana kandi bafite amajyepfo ya slav. Inyubako ya Domra isa na Balalaica ningo, hamwe nuburyo bwa bene wabo umukino muri ibyo bikoresho. Niba umuhuza wihariye akoreshwa mubikorwa byimigozi, iyi ni igikoresho cyo gucomeka. Domra ikoreshwa kuri solo, mike akenshi ni igice cya orchestre cyangwa ensemble.

Izina ryaturutse: Birashoboka cyane ko inkuru y'Ijambo iri mu ndimi za Turukiya, urugero, muri Tatarsky hari ijambo rimbra, risobanurwa ngo "balalaika". Ariko mu mvugo ya Crimean Tatar hari ijambo damerose, ryimuwe nka gitari. Kuri gitari ya Turukiyazumetse nka Tambura, kandi Qazakhs yitwa Dombara Balalyca.

Umwanzuro wa mbere uvuze intwari intwari uboneka mu ngoro y'ingoro y'ubwami bwa XVI-XVII-XVII, ivuga kuri domrase, ni ukuvuga, abacuranzi bakina Domra. Byari igikoresho, byoroshye gukoresha no kugira amajwi meza mumabuye n'abacuranzi bayobye. Ibicuruzwa byimirongo byatandukanijwe namabara akungahaye, byafashaga umuhanzi gukina mugihe kuririmba cyangwa ubundi buryo bwimikorere.

Birakwiye kumenya ko mugihe gito umukino wa Domre wafatwaga nkibibazo byiciro byo hasi bidasanzwe. Ibi byagize ingaruka ku kuba kurema igikoresho ntabwo byari bimeze nkamabwiriza. Derru yahoraga akora ubutunzi, akenshi abahanzi bo mubantu ubwabo bakozwe nubuhanga bwabo nubuhanga bwabo.

Mu gihe runaka, gufata amajwi mu bubiko ntabwo byujujwe na gato, kandi mu kinyejana cya XIX gusa byongeye kuvugwa mu nyandiko. "Kwibagirwa", uko bigaragara, uko byabuzaga ku mvumba no gutangiza kugenzura, kandi nyuma ya byose, nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, mubyukuri ntabwo byamenyekanye.

Ariko mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, Vasily Andreev, wayoboye Orchestre ya mbere y'Abasoyiki, yagaruye uburyo bwa Domra, yashoboye kubona amajwi ya Domra, yashoboye kubona ijwi ryamateka ya Domra, ryashoboye kubonanaga amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubona amajwi ya Domra, yashoboye kubona ijwi ryamateka ya Domra, ryashoboye kubonanaga amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubona amajwi ya Domra, yashoboye kubona ijwi ryamateka ya Domra, ryashoboye kubonanaga amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubona ijwi ryamateka ya Domra, ryashoboye kubona amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubonanaga amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubona amajwi ya Domra, yashoboye kubona ijwi ryamateka ya Domra, ryashoboye kubonanaga amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubona ijwi ryamateka ya Domra, ryashoboye kubonanaga amateka ya Domra, yashoboye kubona amajwi ya Domra, yashoboye kwiyubaka amajwi ye murwego rumwe cyangwa undi. Ntabwo byose byari hafi yinkomoko, kuko umucuranzi yayoborwaga gusa na Somro ishaje aboneka mukarere ka Onyol. Ariko icya mbere, intambwe yintambwe mugihe gishya kugirango Domra yarabaye.

Uyu munsi ni igikoresho cy'igihugu gikoreshwa cyane mu Burusiya, Biyelorusiya, Ukraine. Ijwi rye ridasanzwe rikurura abantu muyindi mico, iburengerazuba n'iburasirazuba, uko ukuri gukenewe muri iki gihe.

Ni iki gitandukanye n'ibindi bikoresho?

Urubanza rusanzwe ni urujijo rwa Domra na Dombra. Hano ibintu byose biroroshye: Domra ni igikoresho cya rubanda cy'Uburusiya, na Dombra - Qazakh. Domra ifite imirongo 3 (gake kenshi - 4), na dmbour - 2. Amaherezo, Domra ni manini, na Kazakisitani "wa mushiki wawe" afite uburyo bufite.

Itandukaniro rya Badarika naryo rirakomeye. Amazu ya mpandeshatu ya kaburimbo, hepfo urubavu kandi akabatse gato, igizwe nisahani. Balalaika afite imirongo 3, ijwi ryayo rikunze kwitwa "gutaka", naho domra yoroshye. Impuguke zivuga ko ibikoresho ari bibiri byahinduwe kubicuruzwa bimwe.

Domra afatwa nk'uruziga rwa Balalyaki.

Ikindi gikoresho, itandukaniro riri hagati yinzu ninzu itabanywanyi ntabwo bigaragara, - mandoline. Urugamba rwayo rwabaye lute, uzwi cyane mu Burayi. Mandolin afite imirongo 4 ibiri (ni ukuvuga 8), kandi irasa cyane, igorofa yo hejuru irahanamye. Ariko ibikoresho bisa birabakina ahanini numuhuza. Urashobora guhamagara derru na mandolin hamwe na bene wabo ba kure.

Ni iki gihari?

Mbere yo kwimukira mubwoko bw'ibikoresho, birakwiye gusuzuma igishushanyo cyayo. Rero, domra igizwe na hull na gride. Amazu, nayo, akubiyemo umubiri na etage. Umubiri ukozwe muri rivets zigoramye, zigize igice cy'isi. Rivets irashobora kuba racewood, igishishwa cyangwa ikarita. Mumubiri ukosora abafite stripper, bitwa buto. Ukuboza ni igice cyo mumaso cyurubanza, cyerekana ova iringaniye ifunga umubiri. Ku nkombe irimbishijwe nigikonoshwa.

Hagati ya Deci - ballon, ni ukuvuga, resonator muburyo bwa outlet. Ubuhungiro bushyikirijwe igorofa, akorera uburinzi bwo kwirinda ibikomere. Urugarara rutera imigozi, ishyirwaho ahantu herekanwe. Deca isanzwe ikozwe muri fir cyangwa spruce (resonator idasanzwe), ihagarare - kuva kuri maple. Igikonoshwa kizakomera niba gikozwe mu biti bikomeye, ariko rimwe na rimwe byakoreshwaga synthetics.

Amazu yometse ku ijosi, yambitswe ikamba ry'umutwe ufite uburyo bwa shank, bukenewe kugirango habeho umurongo. Byagejejwe ku ijosi n'amabuye y'agaciro hamwe n'intwaro, bigize gahunda ya lade, ni ibihumyo. Hagati yumutwe wigituba kandi ijosi ni inzitizi zifata urwego rwuburebure.

Nibyiza, amajwi kuva Domra ajya mubikorwa byumuhuza, ni ukuvuga isahani yoroheje ya ovah, ibipimo bigomba guhura nibipimo byigikoresho. Abunzi nziza yo kunyenzi ntabwo iboneka (bikozwe mu gikonoshwa). Ukuri, Ubundi buryo bundi buntu bundi bundi burasabwa - Abunzi b'icyubahiro basohotse muri polymers.

Imirongo itatu

Iyi domra ifatwa nkubwoko bwo gushushanya na Andreev (byavuzwe haruguru kugirango ikomerwe mubikoresho byabantu). Muri orchestre, iki gicuruzwa izitwa akadomo gato, ifite igenamiterere rya quare. Mu itsinda rya dom ya dom ebyiri hari bass, inzoga, kandi na picolo. Birashoboka cyane gukoresha bitatu-bikomeye bya bass dommoroom, tenor na Mezzo Soprano.

Imirongo ine

Ukurikije igishushanyo cya Lyibimov, ubwoko bwibikoresho burahuye na sisitemu ya mushikiwabo - muriki gihe gisa na violon. Iri tsinda rifite Bass, Piccolo, na Bass ebyiri kandi tenor nazo nazo zidasanzwe.

Amagambo make:

Piccolo - Igikoresho cyibikoresho byumvikana urumuri, urumuri, kigaragaza, kizarimbisha ijwi rya orchestre;
Alt - birakurikizwa, nkitegeko, kugirango wuzuze neza icyuho cyamajwi yo hejuru no hepfo, rimwe na rimwe uririyo;
Bass - ifite ijwi ryuzuye kandi ryuzuye, ijwi riremereye, niwembi, imyidagaduro.

Nta tandukaniro rikomeye mubikorwa byo gukora amoko. Igikoresho cyimirongo ine akenshi akunda abahanzi ba none, nkuko bigaragara mubitekerezo byayo na gitari ya bass, ni ukuvuga kuyikina mugihe cyo gukora neza bishoboka.

Iri hame risa nuburyo bwibikoresho ni ngombwa rwose, nkuko bazahuza umukino kumurongo wimirongo itatu, bizarushaho kugorana. Urubanza no mubunini no mubikoresho, no mu majwi.

Ibikoresho n'ibigize

Mubisanzwe, abacuranzi bategeka imirongo kubikoresho, kwibanda kubikoresho byo gukora no kubakora. Buri muhanzi yakundaga abunzi, hashobora kubaho icyegeranyo cyose cyibi bikoresho. Kandi, byanze bikunze, biragoye gukora nta gifuni cyo kurinda. Shakisha kugurisha ibi bice byose biroroshye, birahendutse kandi mumaduka yumuziki biraboneka munzu.

Ariko niba ukeneye umuhuza udasanzwe cyangwa ufite agaciro cyangwa urubanza rwihariye, ugomba gushakisha.

Abakora

Hariho ibyifuzo byinshi kwisi bifasha guhitamo igikoresho kizatsinda. Abahanga batanga inama:

Ikintu nyamukuru ni ubwiza bwijwi;
Byoroshye kuri timbre mubuzima bwose bwurungano;
Amajwi asohoka mugihe cyumukino agomba kuba adahari;
Igisimba kigomba kuba kiri mu buryo buteganyo;
Igihe cyumvikana - Iki nicyo ni ngombwa kandi kwitondera;
Umukino wibikoresho ugomba kumvikana mubihe byinshi na salle nini.

Ibi byose byavuzwe haruguru birashobora kugenzurwa mugihe ugura.

Noneho kuri ibyo bigo bitangwa kumasoko yibikoresho bya muzika ibicuruzwa byiza. Aba babikora barakurikira.

"Bass". Imigozi itatu yiki kirango cyimbere mu gihugu ikozwe muri maple-javor, ijosi rikozwe mubiti byirabura, rosewood no kuri twe. Icyubahiro kimaze gutangwa kuri Shellac hamwe na pearl. Icyitegererezo cyambere gifite abasore 19. Igikoresho cyiza.
"Muzprom". Byerekana moderi zitandukanye zumusaruro wintoki. Nta gushidikanya. Kandi, icyitegererezo zishushanyijeho isaro. Hano hari DOMS yo gutumanaho hamwe na 26 Frets.
"Chora". Bitanga ibikoresho bine-byingenzi bizaba amahitamo meza kubatangiye. Ibicuruzwa bizwi cyane mu muziki M1084-3pima 900 gusa no kugura amafaranga agera ku 17.000. Umusaruro wa Romania.
"Ishyamba". Indi ngengo yimari ntoya, gusenya byagenwe cyane.
Doff. Ikirangantego cyo gukora gitari hamwe nibikoresho bya rubanda kuva 2002. Kugenzura ubuziranenge no guhitamo ibikoresho ntabwo ari impfabusa. Itanga ibicuruzwa bihenze kandi bisanzwe.

Ntabwo bikwiye kwihuta no kugura. Nibyiza gufata amasomo abiri avuye mu nzobere, kugura igikoresho cyo gukodesha kugirango wumve niba umucuranzi na Domra ubereye - mwisi yumuziki utayifite. Ni ukuvuga, imyitozo ya mbere, hanyuma ugura, ushakisha igikoresho cyawe.

Uko bakina?

Ndetse na mbere yo kwiga, birumvikana gukorana nimyitozo yo kwitegura - Amasomo 2-3 kuri ibi birahagije. Kurugero, kwicara ku ntebe, neza hagati, urashobora kunama bitari bike mu nkokora hanyuma ukatugora kugirango ubaze ahantu h'ikimenyetso. Ikarito ye - izakomeza irindi kuboko. Ariko, igitabo kirashobora gukoreshwa. Iyi ni imyitozo yo kugenzura gusoma no kwandika.

Gutakambira no gufata

Uhereye ku kuntu domaine yicaye, intsinzi yumukino we uterwa. Kwicara bigomba kuba kuri kimwe cya kabiri cyintebe, umugongo ugomba kuba ugororotse, amazu agororotse gato kugirango akore ibicuruzwa. Ukuguru kw'iburyo gushira ibumoso, kizamuka ku burebure nk'ubwo, aho urubanza ruringaniye gukanda igikoresho. Uburebure bw'umutwe wawe buzahitamo iki ku kuboko kw'ibumoso, ku mfuruka iburyo mu nkokora.

Niba umwanya wo gufata umutwe uri hejuru cyane, bigaragarira nabi kumajwi, kuko inguni yo guhuza umuhuza n'umugozi birahinduka. Indege yicyiciro cyibikoresho ntabwo ihagaritse, kandi igororotse gato kugirango umucuranzi areba ijosi, agenzura imirongo itatu yose.

Ni ubuhe buryo bw'ibumoso.

Ingingo y'ingenzi ni iterambere rimwe ry'intoki zine (uwa gatatu n'icya kane ni ngombwa cyane, kuko atarigenda neza kandi zidafite uburanga). Ntabwo byumvikana kubona umwanya nk'uwo, uzahora umudendezo wo kugenda wintoki. Hamwe nimpagarara zabo, nukuvuga, bigomba kwitonda cyane. Bibaho ko uramutse ubarenze, intoki zawe zirashobora guhinduka, kandi ifite ububabare, iterambere rya pathologies.
Mu ntangiriro y'amahugurwa, ntabwo ari ngombwa gukora nk'umuhuza, n'urutoki, ni ukuvuga, wige kwakira pizzicato. Gushyira imikindo ku mpugukuru biherekejwe no gukanda ibisimba, kandi ikinavira kigomba kureba neza. Ukuboko mu karere k'amaguru bigomba kuba bigoramye gato. Ku mugozi ugomba gukandagira hamwe nintoki zintoki zikora nkinyundo.
Kubatangiye, ni ngombwa kwiga uburyo bwo gushyira intoki mumutwe wa majoro, hanyuma - mumwanya wambere. Noneho umwanya ntuzashyirwaho gusa mu myitozo gakondo gusa, ahubwo uzoba mu bushakashatsi bwibikorwa byoroshye. Birashoboka kubikora ku nyigisho, ikinamico nk'iki gikwiye nk "haba mu busitani, mu busitani" - biroroshye gukina intoki ebyiri, ariko bine. Urukurikirane rw'amajwi ni chromatic.
Ibikurikira, guhuza amaboko n'umukino wogosha bigomba guhuzwa. Iyo ingendo za buri kiganza zishyizwe mumyitozo, urashobora guhuza ibikorwa byabo. Ijwi rivanwa ku kiguzi cy'abitwa abapadiri.

Noneho umunyeshuri agomba kwibanda kumikino yamaboko abiri, ibyinshi byubwiza bwiburyo.

Gushiraho

Kuri iki gikorwa gishobora gukenerwa:

igikoresho ubwacyo;
fork;
ikindi gikoresho (cyashyizweho gitari yagizwe, piyano);
Terefone.

Ibikorwa bya Algorithm.

Inkomoko yijwi irakenewe, ihuye na "LA" ya Octave yambere. Camerton irakwiriye, inshuro zifiti 440 hz. Nta Tamarin, urashobora gufata piyano, gitari cyangwa na clarinet. Niba ibi atari byo, terefone igendanwa isanzwe yafashwe, ijwi rya beep risa nkaho risa n'ijwi rya chamberton (400 HZ). Ikintu nyamukuru nukugaragaza neza imirongo ugereranije.
Fungura imirongo idakandawe kuri buriwese yahinduwe na quanim intera. Ubwa mbere, umurongo wambere washyizweho - Bizemera nka "LA" octave. Ariko donor themar ifite ijwi ryiyi nkya munsi octave ebyiri. Umugozi wa kabiri wibikoresho ugomba gufungwa kuri Lada ya gatanu hanyuma ugashyiraho ubumwe kuva uwambere, nuwa gatatu - hamwe na kabiri (nanone biratangaje kuri rud ya gatanu).
Fungura imirongo yinsanganyamatsiko zine zidafite ishingiro kubisobanuro. Gusa Domra inshuro ebyiri zizaba zidasanzwe, igenamiterere ryaryo rikorwa na kimwe cya kane. Kuri Domra-prima, umugozi wa mbere wanditse uhwanye na kabiri, wanyuze kuri Lada wa karindwi, uhuza na kaseti. Umugozi wa kabiri ufunguye urafatwa kuri Lada ya karindwi ya karindwi, yagizwe ubumwe niyambere.

Ubwoko butandukanye bwa Domra buratandukanye, ariko mubisanzwe ibihe nkibi byanditswe mumabwiriza kubikoresho cyangwa mubyigisho bikoresha umunyeshuri.

Kwiga Inyandiko nimbonerahamwe yumukino

Tekinike nyamukuru yumukino kuri uyu uhagarariye imirongo ni:

igice cyo kugenda kwumuhuza hasi;
Urujya n'uruza rw'umuhuza hasi cyangwa hejuru;
Trevirovation.

Gukuramo amajwi y'igihe kirekire kuri Domra, Tremolo arakorwa. Byaba byiza byumvikana neza hejuru no hepfo yisahani. Icyo Isuku, niko bishoboka ko umucuranzi.

Tremolo ni kunyeganyega kwoza no kuboko, hamwe nibikorwa byububiko bwigitugu. Kytec ihuriweho na elbow kubuntu. Ukuboko ubwabyo bigomba guhinduka nkaho umugozi wa occillating hamwe n'amapfundo muburyo bwingingo. Nanone, Legakkato, Stakkato, Not Legs, kandi amabendera na barcode ihoraho ikoreshwa mukwiga hakiri kare. Ubwa mbere bakinnye kuri gamma hamwe na octave, hanyuma hamwe na babiri. Majoro na Byingenzi Byingenzi Byibanze kumasomo ya mbere.

Kandi rero, jya intambwe ku yindi, wakiriye ibyakiriwe, umukino uzaba wizeye. Kumenya gusoma no kwandika birashobora kwigwa muburyo busa (niba umuntu atabimenye).

Koroshya inyigisho, ubuvanganzo bwihariye na videwo, byerekana uburyo butandukanye bwumugana nabanyeshuri no kwizigira. Imirimo ya Ninonko, Kruglov, Varlamovov, Clunidov, Chunidov, Chunidov, Shunidov, Stepnova, urashobora kubisanga mu masomero yinzego zumuziki Ibigo byuburezi bya muzika - iyi ni indengane nziza.

Amahugurwa azamara igihe kingana iki, biterwa nigihe cyumunyeshuri, urwego rwamahugurwa yumuziki, umwanya wubusa nuburyo bwo kwiga. Hamwe numujyanama, urubanza ruzagenda rwihuta kandi rwiza. Ariko niba umuntu asanzwe afite uburambe bwo gukina ibikoresho bya muzika, noneho ubwigenge bumenyekanisha umukino kuri Domre rwose ku rutugu.

Kuburyo burambuye kuburyo bwo gukina kuri Domres, reba muri videwo hepfo.