Ikiyiko cya Silver (Amafoto 27): Ikiyiko cyicyayi cyicyayi cya feza, ifeza ya silsert yo guhagarika, gushushanya

Imyenda ya feza ifatwa nkikirenge giteganijwe muri buri nzu aho abana batuye. Mu kiganiro cyacu, tuzakubwira uburyo wahitamo no kwita neza kubikoresho byo gutema, kandi kuki umuco gashakiye kubaha abana, kandi ni ubuhe buryo bufite akamaro bwibiyiko bya feza.

Amateka

Ibiyiko bivuye mu cyuma nk'icyo nk'ifeza, yagaragaye muri Roma ya kera n'Ubugereki. Mugihe cyimyaka yo hagati, abaturage badasanzwe hamwe nu gikari cya cyami byakoreshwaga nibikoresho byoroheje. Babonye byinshi nyuma yaho - muri Renaissance Epoch. Noneho umuco wo guha umwana ibiyiko "by'intumwa", byari bikozwe mu ifeza, kandi ibiti byica bishushanyijeho ishusho y'inkumi, Yesu Kristo n'abamarayika.

Gushaka guha Imana kwahaye imana zabo ibiyiko, kandi abana bo mumiryango izwi cyane bakiriye ibintu byose bya feza byibintu 12. Gakondo, umwana yahawe ikiyiko hamwe nishusho yintumwa, yubaha yitiriwe izina rye. Ariko, ntabwo abantu bose bashoboye kwigunga, niyo mpamvu hagaragaye imvugo izwi "Yavutse afite ikiyiko cya feza mu kanwa," bivuze ko umuntu yavukiye mu muryango ufite ibikoresho byinshi cyane.

Mu gihe cya Baroque, ubundi buryo bwo gushushanya ikiyiko bwagaragaye bwa mbere - batangira gukurikiza imiterere ya verstive, nyaburanga n'andi mashusho.

Mu Burusiya, ibintu nk'ibi byagaragaye mu mpera z'ikinyagihumbi cya mbere. Rero, mu 998, ibikomangoma bya Prince Vladimir byakiriye ibi biyiko nk'impano yo kwemeza kwizera kwa gikristo kandi yuzuye ubupagani.

Mu gihugu cyacu, ikiyiko cy'ifeza cyagaragaye neza kandi gihenze - nticyahawe isura y'inyo ya mbere gusa, ahubwo yanakorewe n'umwana muri siporo, kandi na we ashyikiriza abashyingiranywe. Imiryango yizewe cyane yakusanyije igikenye cy'ifeza, nk'intera y'abakobwa babo - gakondo yimuriwe i Mama igana ku mukobwa we ukomoka mu gisekuru.

Iziciro cyane zahoraga zifatwa nk'ameza - Igiciro cyabo ni hejuru cyane kuruta uko ibikoresho bitatanye, nubwo ikiyiko kimwe cyonyine gifite umuvuduko ukabije wa monogramu urashobora kugira agaciro gakomeye.

Kurugero, mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana gishize, ibiyiko bya Faberge muri cyamunara, yagiye ku madorari 8, kandi ikiyiko gikozwe na Fyodor Ryucker cyagurishijwe ku madorari ibihumbi 12.5.

Kwisi yose, imbonerahamwe ya feza yubudage irashimirwa cyane. Rero, Brobe & Berking Hafi yatangaga ibicuruzwa byayo mu rukiko rwa Arabikhi n'umwamikazi w'icyongereza. Ibicuruzwa bya Robert Freund, Franz Schnell Halle, na Herbert Zeitner, ntabwo akunzwe cyane.

Gushimirwa cyane nameza yicyongereza kubirango bya feza William yonsa, Ridley Hayes , kimwe nibicuruzwa byimishinga imwe n'imwe ya Danemark. Muri ba shebuja b'Abarusiya, abavandimwe Grachev, Ovchinnikov, Ovchinnikov, Birumvikana, kandi, byanze bikunze, benshi muri bo bari mu bihe byashize harimo urukiko rw'Uburusiya, Uru ruhare rwaba rwiyubashye kandi rufite icyubahiro ubusanzwe byashizwemo nikimenyetso kidasanzwe. Kugeza ubu, ibicuruzwa byinzuki byingenzi birakenewe.

Muri iki gihe, ibiciro kubikorwa bya aba ba shebuja ntibishobora kwitwa umunaniro, ntabwo miriyoni gusa ishobora kubigura. Kurugero, ikiyiko cya feza gifite imitsi, cyarimbishijwe ishusho yinkumi, muri Danelsen, yagurishijwe mu 1916, yagurishijwe mu 1916, yagurishijwe ku madolari 230, muri rusange, igiciro cyo guhagarika iyi myitozo kuva ku madolari 50 kugeza kuri 600 .

Ibiyiko bya feza, bikozwe mu binyejana bya xviii-xix bihenze cyane, hamwe na feza y'imbonerahamwe ya DIPPOLY, itangwa ku gihumbi cy'ibihumbi, itangwa ku madolari ibihumbi bizwi cyane - Uburemere bwa seti ni urugendo ruke, ibikoresho byose bishushanyijeho nyiri monogram.

Ingero na kashe

Kubaho kwicyitegererezo kubicuruzwa byose bya feza bivuga agaciro kayo ninkomoko. Niba ufunguye imibare, ibimenyetso byerekana ijanisha rya feza biri mubicuruzwa. Kurugero, Icyitegererezo cya 925 bivuze ko ibirimo bya feza bitari munsi ya 92.5%, kandi umugabane wibintu bivuguruye bitarenze 7.5%, umuringa ukoreshwa cyane.

Gusa, Bihenze cyane ni ikiyiko cyinteruro 999: Ntabwo ikubiyemo umwanda, ibi bicuruzwa buri gihe bifite igicucu cyiza cya feza kandi ntugahagarike igihe. Muri icyo gihe, ifeza ni nziza - ni icyuma cya plastiki. Mugihe cyo gukoresha, ibiyiko bigorana byoroshye, kandi nyuma yimyaka myinshi, ibishushanyo bito bikozwe hejuru nibibindi, ikiyiko nkurwo biroroshye cyane kumena.

Ikiyiko cyakozwe na sapele asloy 925 ni uguhuza neza imbaraga za mashini hamwe na silver radian. Ibisobanuro byandi byitegererezo bigumana igihome, ariko mugihe bakoresha tint yumuhondo.

Mubisanzwe ibinyomoro 925 byitegererezo bitwikiriwe na gilding cyangwa enamel, kugirango bagumane neza kandi ibara ryihariye.

Birazwi ko mubufaransa, ifeza yoroheje 950 nicyitegererezo 900.

Ku kiyiko byinshi cya feza hari kashe, barazwi cyane. Ikigaragara ni uko muri buri gihugu muriki gihe cyaho hari gahunda yacyo ya feza. Kurugero, mu Budage mbere ya 1988, habaye urujijo sisitemu y'ibyitegererezo, kandi muri Amerika kugeza na n'ubu akaba yakoreshejwe. Kubikoresho bya kera, mubisanzwe hariho 3-4 ndetse no ku kajagari kurushaho. Noneho, ibiyiko byuburusiya byakozwe igice cya kabiri cyikinyejana gishize kigira inyuguti 5:

• Digital Igenamigambi ryerekana igipimo cya feza mu mazi (mubisanzwe icyuma cya 84, 88, kimwe na 31);
• umwaka wo kwipimisha (urugero, 1854);
• Ikimenyetso cya Shebuja wandika ibicuruzwa (gusa intangiriro zayo zazamuwe);
• Igenamigambi ryemewe ry'icyumba cy'imbonerahamwe (urugero, kuri Moscou ni Georgy yatsinze);
• Master Stigma, yakozwe nigikoresho.

Vintage ibiyiko byu Burayi byari bifite imiterere yabo. Rero, ku bicuruzwa bya ba shebuja b'icyongereza, intare irashobora kugaragara hamwe na paw yazamuye - Iki ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko ikiyiko gikozwe mu ndege isenyuka (925 icyitegererezo), no ku bicuruzwa byakozwe kuva 1783 kugeza 1893. Harimo, wongeyeho shyira kashe y'akazi, kimwe no kubwira ishusho yishusho yumwami.

Ibyiza n'ibibi

Inyungu za feza zizwi kuva kera. Byemejwe ko amazi yo kuvugana niyi cyuma ahinduka umuhengeri ukiza mubihe byinshi byangiza. Amasahani ava kuri iyi byuma yakoreshejwe cyane mumico itandukanye n'amadini atandukanye, kandi akamaro k'ifeza yabonetse icyemezo mubushakashatsi bwa siyansi.

Hagaragaye ko icyuma gifite ubushobozi bwo kwica mikorobe, kandi ni ifeza rwose igaragaza ibiranga bagiteri mu gitabo kinini. Nyuma yo kumukurikira genda umuringa na zahabu. Niba ufite ikiyiko cya feza, urashobora guhora ukora amazi ya feza. Kugirango ukore ibi, ugomba gusa kugabanya ikiyiko gisanzwe muri cyo no guhangana nubushyuhe bwicyumba kumunsi.

Ifeza ifite ubushobozi bwo kurimbura ubwoko bwa bagiteri burenga 700, mugihe ikora aside 1750 nziza ya Carbolic, Inshuro 3.5 nziza cyane, Chlorine na furaticine, ntibikora kuri mikorobe yingirakamaro . Birashimishije kubona bagiteri idatera kurwanya ifeza, nubwo, ndetse no gukoresha igihe kirekire, igumana imikorere mu kurwanya microflora ya pathogenic.

Indi mico yifeza ni uko ions ye irashobora gutandukanya selile nziza kubarwayi kurubushye rwumurongo umurikirwa, bityo ushyire ahantu hagaragara.

Ibi biranga kandi bigira umuco gakondo wigitereko cya feza "ku menyo" - Gukoresha ibikoresho nkibi byo kugaburira abana bitera imbaraga zidahwitse, ibice byiza byimiti yinzira nyabagendwa birimo iterambere ya bagiteri, virusi hamwe na mikorondare yangiza ibaho mu biryo, cavite yo mu kanwa n'inda.

Mugihe kimwe, silverware ifite ibisubizo byayo:

• Iyo uhamagaye inyama n'amaguru, ifeza itangira kwijimye, bisaba kwitabwaho;
• Kubera imishinga yiyongereye, ifeza irashyuha cyane, kurugero, ibumoso mu kirahure amazi abira mumasegonda ashyushye cyane kuburyo bidashyushye
• Ifeza nkeya niroshye kandi uzenguruka utitonze utangira kumena;
• Ifeza yo gutunganya kenshi iraryoshye kandi yoroshe ku ngaruka za mashini.

Gusesengura ibyiza nibibi byibiyiko bya feza, urashobora gufata umwanzuro ugaragara - kugura ibicuruzwa bya feza ukoresheje imigambi myinshi ntabwo bikwiye. Nibyiza kubona ifeza imeza mubihe bikomeye no mugihe cyinama nini.

Nigute ushobora gutandukanya ibikoresho bya Melchior?

Ifeza ikunze kwitiranya na melchior. Birumvikana, iyo uguze ikintu mu iduka, byose biragaragara, ariko niba, kwitanga ibintu baje umurage, bavumbuye ibyombo ifeza, ni ngombwa cyane gusobanukirwa niba ugereranya agaciro. Ubukwe bwa Meleki buragoye cyane gutandukanya ifeza murugo, ariko niba wubahiriza ibyifuzo bimwe, noneho umurimo wawe woroshye.

• Reba neza kurugero. Niba uri ikiyiko cya Melekile, hanyuma kuri yo uzabona amagambo ahinnye ya MTC, araboroga nk'umuringa, Nickel na Zinc - ni iyi byuma aricyo cyingenzi cya alloy. Ibyayi bya feza bizahagarara icyitegererezo gikunze gugizwe n'imibare myinshi.
• Fata ikiyiko mumazi hafi yumunsi. Zakozwe mu ifeza ntabwo guhindura amoko yayo, naho Melchior bazatangira oxidize na tugire umwanda igicucu kibisi.
• Niba ufite ikaramu ikwiye, urashobora kuyikoresha: Gusa kora ubuso - Ifeza izakomeza guhinduka, hejuru yubusa uzabona ahantu hijimye.
• Gerageza gusuzuma ibiyiko byinshi, shyira kumunzani - Ifeza igomba kuba iremereye kuruta Melchior.
• Niba uguze ibicuruzwa, tekereza kubiciro bye . Niba uhabwa ifeza mugihe gito, iyi nimpamvu nziza yo kubitekerezaho - birashoboka ko ugerageza kubeshya.
• Injira imyumvire yawe bwite, Melchior irashobora kugenwa numunuko wumuringa. Kugirango impumuro itera byinshi, ikiyiko nibyiza gutakaza bike.
• Koresha iyode bisanzwe: zizatonyanga a bit ku ikiyiko maze gufata izuba heza - Ikizinga cyijimye kigomba kugaragara ku bicuruzwa bya feza. Ariko, ubu buryo bufite ibisubizo byayo: ugomba gukoresha imbaraga nyinshi kugirango usukure ikiyiko cyawe.
• Aho kuba iyode, urashobora gukoresha chrompik. Ifeza igomba gutanga reaction itukura, kandi hejuru yicyitegererezo, niko bidahuye nigicucu.

Ntiwibagirwe ko mu myaka yashize, Melchior akenshi cyane gukoreshwa mu gukora za ibyombo, kandi niba ufite umusaruro utagira enyanjura, ni benshi birashoboka bakoze kuva MNC kandi wuzuyeho umucyo ifeza imiti.

Nubwo buri kintu kimwe cyashyizwe ku rutonde kijyanye nabakozi, mubisabwa murugo kugirango utandukanye ifeza kuva Melkior biragoye cyane. Niba ukeneye 100% icyizere, bituma buryo guhindukirira jewelers umwuga, restorers cyangwa antiques - bazaba gutanga isuzuma butagira gusa ku bijanye n'itunganywa rya APAREYE metal, ariko kandi ubufasha kumenya bigereranywa itariki yayo ya gukora no cost.

Ubwoko

Ibiyiko muri iki gihe biraboneka mu mugari - birashobora kugira imiterere itandukanye, igicucu, ingano nintego zitandukanye.

Ubwoko bwingenzi bwibiyiko harimo amahitamo 4.

• Kantine. Ibi bikoresho byahujwe kugirango ukoreshe urubuga rwamazi n'amasahani ya mbere avuye mu gikombe kirekire, kimwe no gukwirakwiza salade n'ibindi biryo. Mu Burusiya, ingano yacyo ni 8 ml.
• Ubutayu . Igikoresho gikoreshwa kumasahani meza na guteka bitangwa mu masahani mato, kimwe no mu bikombe byimbitse kubikombe na soupu. Ingano yacyo ni 7 ml.
• Icyayi. umugambi wayo ni kuvanga isukari mu kirahuri icyayi, uretse, ni kenshi gukoreshwa desserts. Ingano yikiyi spoon ni 5 ml.
• Ikawa. Uyu munyayiko ni inshuro 2 munsi yicyayi, ingano yacyo ihuye na 2.45 ml kandi ikoreshwa ryuzuye hamwe nibikombe bya kawa.

Dutanga kandi ikiyiko gifasha.

• Akabari. Ni ikintu gifite ikiganza kirenze, kumpera yumupira muto iherereye. Ni hakwiriye gutegura smoothies bitandukanye cocktails bigizwe igire nyinshi.
• Bouillon. Ubwayo kurambuye kimwe, mugihe cyimbitse, gikoreshwa kumazi meza.
• Gucomeka . Ikoreshwa kubisumba ibiryo bishyushye no gutwika amasahani ya kabiri kumasahani.
• bavuza . Itandukanye muri manini mato kandi yerekanwe izuru.
• Ikiyiko cya Absinthe. Aho cyerekeza ni ukukongeraho isukari kuri ibi binyobwa bikomeye.
• Yagaragaye. Byakoreshejwe Kuri Lam, Jam na Moussi bava mu gikombe cyangwa amabati asangiwe mu ndogobe nto.
• Ikiyiko cy'ibirayi. Visually, we gisa ibijumba na ikintu. Ku mpande zombi hari ibyo bita "amatwi" - birinda kugwa kw'ibirayi bishyushye cyangwa bitetse iyo bikubiye mu masahani.
• Ikiyiko kuko n'imibavu. umugambi wayo neza kuva izina. Mubisanzwe bifite ubunini bwindake kandi byanze bikunze biza byuzuye hamwe nibihe muburyo buhagaze.

Uretse amoko yose hejuru, ushobora kubona ibiyiko kuko oysters, kuko ukarishe cream, candies, ndetse kuko ahenda na benshi abandi.

Ibyifuzo byo guhitamo

ubuzima bwa muntu, cyane cyane ntoya bagize umuryango, ni ngombwa cyane, kuko iyo kugura gipima ifeza bagomba kwitwararika cyane. Mu rubanza wipfuza gutanga ikiyiko gusa ibe urwibutso - bizaba cyane bihagije gusa Decor mwiza, Ariko niba wiyemeje guha impano izakoreshwa kuko kugaburira nyuma rero usaba by'isuku no isuku icyemezo mutunzi.

Iyo ngiro ikiyiko, ntiwagombye bafite gushidikanya gatoya ko umusaruro irangwa ireme hejuru na Bya. . Iy'ukuri icyemezo ni ibimenyetso nyamukuru gukoresha a gikoresho meza ntabwo guteza akaga mu buzima umwana. Iyi nyandiko kandi yemeza ko umusaruro rigizwe umuntu Ibuye ryagacyiro ibidukikije hakoreshejwe yemewe gahunda ikoranabuhanga.

Wese high-quality ifeza ikiyiko agomba kubahiriza ibisabwa bikurikira:

• bafite imizingo ishusho akure nta chipping wese kandi b'ingeri zose ikibindi, akenshi gutuma nabi kanwa kanwa no mu rurimi igitambambuga;
• Mu igitasha bakwiye kubonera niba bishoboka, ni byifuzwa ko ku mbibi hari makosa, bari bizatuma crumb gushitsa birinda more nzara;
• I Ingano: Bya ikiyiko agomba neza bitabira peculiarities wa myaka no gukura umwana;
• Metal agomba kuba mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Kugira ibiyiko igihe cyose bishoboka ntabwo tucking, baba akenshi wuzuyeho ifeza kuyipima iyunguruye 999. Muri ubwo buryo nyene, mu bitangaje isura ibicuruzwa ni yarazigamye bitabangamiye Indangabintu akamaro mu cyuma ku.

Ariko, nta mpapuro zose nk'uko akamaro nk'uko ifeza plated. Urugero, mu gilding ku ifeza ureba bihenze cyane kandi neza, ariko kubera ko, Indangabintu bose akamaro mu ifeza bararimbutse.

Rimwe gutanga manini glitter metal. Ibi ni metal ow'ekitiibwa ko ashoboye kurinda ibyombo ingaruka ibisubizo chemical no kwangiza guheza. Silver na gutwicyira bisa ureba neza cyane, kandi bituma metal cyane birinda kugira corrosion. Rhodium ifeza igihe kirekire ntiyirengagiza Indangabintu umutako wa metal Icyakora, urupfu rwa virusi na bagiteri gihe guhura ibiyiko nka ntabwo kubaho.

Bamwe ibiyiko ifeza yuzuyeho varnish - ibyombo nk'ibyo ntibiba gukoreshwa nk'uko yabigambiriye yabo butaziguye, bari gukora gusa umutako no y'urwibutso Imimaro. Mu varnish akoreshwa ku ifeza gusa kugira ngo ni buteganywa gutanga storage yayo kirekire, gutwicyira bishobora yarazigamye by ifeza, irinda oxidation yayo igisa patina, ariko igihe wifatanya n'abandi ibiribwa, ibintu ihumanya.

Y'urwibutso bicuruzwa harimo Silver ibiyiko, ifeza mobile gutwicyira. Iyi coatings ureba iraha, ariko ntiyemera feza neza kwerekana imitungo yabo akiza.

ubwoko bose coatings, uretse ifeza ya kuyipima 999, ahanini kugabanya gukira Indangabintu Bya metal ku, kubuza zigendanwa ya ions mu biribwa, no byose bituma ibyombo burundu bimaze kuva ingingo muganga abona.

Naho miterere, mu myaka ishize, mu myaka ishize, amazina na udusaruro akenshi cyane bahawe, ibikoresho na umurinzi umumarayika cyangwa zodiac ikimenyetso.

Mu isura yabo, ibiyiko umwana, abagabo n'abagore bitandukanye.

Ububiko no Kwitaho

Muri iki gihe, guhitamo uburyo umusaruro kwita ifeza ari nyinshi - Buri gihe Gushaka A ibiyobyabwenge hakwiriye iduka cyose ubukungu cyangwa bikozwe, Ariko imiti urujyano cyane Abantu ukoreshwa nyogokuru wacu ukomeye-nyogokuru.

• neza cyane isuku ifeza Aloys inzoga Ibuyelyakagiro. Gukora iyi, ni gusa byoretse ibiyiko isaha mu umuti inzoga ivanze n'amazi bivanye ya 1 to 10. Niba udafite igihe bategereje, nyamaswa mu umuti Ibuyelyakagiro ku, mu ubushwambagara na gutangira imbuto nk'uko intensively bishoboka, kugeza ku ibura burundu ibizinga. Urama wibuka yuko meza feza na umukara mu buryo atari inama.
• Gusubira ifeza ubwenge, ibirayi decoction bwagaragaye neza. Kugira ngo mukura y'umwijima, ugomba gushyira ikiyiko ifeza muri kuko kane isaha, maze bamaze nyuma gihe gito APAREYE Kureba nka kimwe nshya.
• ifeza neza yiboneza ndimu habamo aside. Shyira ikiyiko mu umuti wayo urangaye iminota mike, kandi vuba iyo bazarabagirana na glitter imbeho.
• Clean ibiyiko ifeza bishobora gusukurwa na ash itabi. Gukora iyi, ukeneye kuvanga ko amazi, kibyimba mu bituma ikiyiko n'itunganywa, nyuma iryo ibyombo akeneye izahanagura neza. Ubundi, ushobora kuvanga ivu na indimu, no n'itunganywa iyi gukemura umusaruro.
• A akamaro itanga Soda ibiribwa, cyane cyane niba gutana benshi appeared ku ikiyiko a. Bikurikirana ibikorwa hano ni Byoroheje - wowe gusa bagomba gufata Ibitegura ameza gutoha, gusimbuka bamwe Soda kandi Imana izahanagura ahantu bihumanya kugeza byacika burundu.

Niba udafite cyose haruguru, ushobora kwungukira w'amenyo isanzwe. Ni ngombwa gusa mu bikorwa ku nk'ibyatsi soft, no rwose izahanagura ikiyiko.

About uko ibyombo isuku (Melchior, ifeza, nk'utagira inenge icyuma) na amasahani n'ibindi, Kureba in video ikurikira.