Kugereranya ibinyejana imitako byafatwaga nk'ikimenyetso cy'ubutunzi cyangwa ndetse no kwinezeza. Ibikoresho byatoranijwe mubikenewe byagaragaje uburyohe bwa nyirayo. Muri iki gihe, imitako ya zahabu nimpano nziza kubakobwa bato nabagore bakuze. Ntiwibagirwe impano nziza kubagabo. Gutanga icyuma cyumuhondo cyita kugaragara, inzobere zikoresha amakandi adasanzwe.
Niki?
Ku mpinga yo gukundwa hari imitako, mu gukora ikoranabuhanga rya zahabu rikoreshwa. Mugihe cyo gushyira mubikorwa ubu buryo, ikoti yindi mebi ikoreshwa kubicuruzwa - Rhodium.
Impeta ikoreshwa mugihe ikorana n'imitako zitandukanye, harimo n'icyitegererezo 585, ni gipimo cy'amabuye y'agaciro.
Nkibisubizo byo gutunganya, ibikoresho byumuhondo bigira igicucu cyoroshye kandi biba bisa na zahabu yera.
Rhodium yerekeza ku byuma by'agaciro kandi yinjira mu itsinda ry'itsinda rya platine. Ifite ibintu byose bikenewe kumubiri no mumiti. Nibintu bikomeye kandi bya inert, nikihe gice cyimbonerahamwe yigihe cya Mendeleev. Byongeye kandi, abahanga bavuze uburyo bwo hejuru bwa Rhodium, babikesha imitako ibona urumuri rugaragaza.
Ibintu bikoreshwa mugutunganya imitako yafunguwe mu 1803. Kubera umubare muto wibitsa iyi byuma, agaciro kacyo uhora wiyongera.
Imyitozo yoroheje kandi irabagirana itagira ishusho gusa, ahubwo inangira. Ntiwibagirwe ko zahabu ari inziti nziza, ariko yoroshye kuri kamere.
Hamwe n'umutwaro muto, uhindura, andi nkunga aragaragara.
Impeta ituma ibicuruzwa bikomera, bikuraho plastike ikabije.
Guhangana na Rhodium ikoreshwa mubikorwa bikurikira:
- impinduka mu ibara ryibicuruzwa;
- igicucu cy'umutako;
- Gushimangira gukomera;
- Ahantu ho gutunganya ugenewe gukurura ibicuruzwa namabuye.
Ibyiza n'ibibi
Inyigisho za Rhodium zifite ibyiza nibibi byaranzwe na Ibihuha by'Abatagatifu n'abahempeke babigize umwuga.
Ubu buryo bufite ibintu byinshi byiza.
- Gutunganya ibyuma bivuye mumatsinda ya platine bitanga ibicuruzwa bigaragara bidasanzwe. Imitako ya Rhodium itwikiriye cyane irabagirana, igaragaza kandi nziza. Byongeye kandi, isura nkiyi ikomeje nubwo ikora cyane yimitako.
- Niba ushaka kubungabunga ibicuruzwa bishaje bivuye mucyuma cyiza, birasabwa kubiha amahugurwa yimitako mugutegeka serivisi y'ababyeyi. Gutunganya nkibi bizahindura ibintu biranga imiti yicyuma, kandi bitewe nibi, ubuzima bwa serivisi buzaramba cyane.
- Igice cyicyuma cyuzuye kandi cyoroshye gikora ibintu bike byibasiwe ningaruka mbi zishingiye ku bidukikije, kurugero, ubushyuhe ndetse na reage zinyuranye. Ibicuruzwa byatunganijwe ntibyatinya alkali, acide, chlorine nibindi bigize bigize ingaruka. Iki kintu ni ngombwa kubambara imitako hafi buri gihe.
- Hifashishijwe Rhodium, abahanga bahindura ibara risanzwe rya zahabu. Mubihe byinshi, mugihe ukoresheje icyuma cyicyuma, igicucu cyera cyera hejuru yubutaka bwa zahabu kiragerwaho. Ariko, hamwe nubufasha bwibintu byinyongera, urashobora gutanga ibicuruzwa nibindi bicucu bidasanzwe.
- Bitewe no gutunganya, urashobora kugarura imitako ya kera, ubaha isura igezweho. Iyi ni serivisi ntoya ya serivisi ihendutse kumurongo wa buri cyifuzo.
Ibyiza nyamukuru bijyanye no gukoresha Rhodium mumitako yimitako iri kurutonde. Mubyukuri, ibyiza byo kuvura ni byinshi cyane. Nubwo ibyiza byinshi, ubu buryo bufite kandi ibibi byayo.
Ibikorwa byasojwe mu ngingo zikurikira.
- Guhindura i Imigaragarire Bya umusaruro ni icyarimwe babonaga bombi akarusho kandi ingorane. Ikigaragara ni uko biterwa na Rhodium biragoye kumenya neza icyuma gikorwa. Abaguzi bamwe bitondera cyane imitako, barashobora gusobanura icyitegererezo cya zahabu. Ariko aha niho abahugurwa bose bazi uko. Kugirango utaba igitambo cyijimye, gukoresha amafaranga kubiryo byimpimbano, ugomba kugura kugura mububiko bwagaragaye. Birasabwa kandi kugenzura ibyangombwa bifatanye na buri mutanda.
- Ibisubizo bikurikira ni uguhanagura ubwishingizi. Nubwo imbaraga no kwambara kurwanya Rhodium, mugihe utunganyirizwa ibicuruzwa, urwego ruto rukoreshwa, rwahanaguwe mugihe. Muri uru rubanza, bigomba guhora tuvugurura ipfundo, kandi ibyo ni amafaranga yinyongera.
Ingaruka zigaragara zo gutunganya no kubaho kwa serivisi ziterwa na Wizard ukora akazi, nibindi bintu.
Mu rhodium igerekeranye mugire Umubyimba bitandukanye, bikaba bigenda ntaherezo 0,1 ngo 0,25.
Duhereye kuri iyi parameter, kwambara kurwanya, ibikorwa nibikorwa byinyongera kumwanya wo hanze biterwa.
Ikoranabuhanga
Noneho inzobere zikora mu gace k'imitako zikoresha tekinoroji nyinshi ryababyeyi. Mugihe cyo kurangiza iki gikorwa, hakoreshejwe electrolysis.
Ubu ni inzira idasanzwe yumubiri isaba ubuhanga nubuhanga bwihariye.
Mbere yo kurera, birakenewe gutegura imitako. Bafite isuku neza hamwe nibisubizo byihariye nubushinwa. Noneho banga alkali no gukaraba - bikurikiranye mumazi ashyushye kandi akonje. Mugutegura bwa nyuma, ibicuruzwa bibikwa amasegonda make mugisubizo cya aside sulfuric. Ibi bikorwa kugirango wongere amahano agendere hejuru ya zahabu.
Mugihe kimwe, igisubizo cyamazi kuva umunyu wa Rhodium urategurwa. Ibicuruzwa byibizwa mu bwogero hamwe n'amazi anyuramo amashanyarazi arashize. Muburyo bwo gukora uburyo bwo gutunganya molekile yiyi sicyuma cya platine ikora urwego rworoshye kandi rworoshye.
Ubunini ntarengwa bwa coteness numero 25 micrometero. Iki kimenyetso gifite inshuro 4 munsi yubunini bwumusatsi wumuntu.
IHURIRO RY'UMWANYA
Mugihe ukoresheje kuvuka kugirango utunganyirize ibicuruzwa bivuye ibyuma byera, urwego rwinyongera rukoreshwa hejuru yibicuruzwa. Ibi biterwa nuko shingiro ya alloy ihura nibara hamwe nibara rikingira. Ndetse iyo usiba cyangwa wangiritse kumurongo wo hejuru, itandukaniro ntirishobora kugaragara. Rimwe na rimwe, iyo ukorana na byuma, ababyeyi bakoreshwa mubikorwa byo kurinda.
Kuvura zahabu y'umuhondo na itukura
Muri uru rubanza, Masters Akurikiza ikoranabuhanga rimwe kandi iyo akorana na zahabu yera. Itandukaniro nyamukuru risoza muburyo bwo gukoresha igice cya Rhodium hejuru yibicuruzwa. Ikigaragara ni uko igihe ntarengwa cyicyuma cyingenzi kizatangira kumvikana buhoro buhoro hakurya yinyongera. Nkigisubizo, isura yimitako izakundwa, inyigisho zizavunika.
Iyo dukorana ibyuma byamabara, tubyara gucumbika amabuye gusa, kongera ubushobozi bwabo. Nyuma yo gutunganya, umucyo wumusaraba uriyongera cyane.
Impeta irasa cyane nuburyo bwo gukora. Muri ibyo bihe byombi, igice cyoroheje cyicyuma gikoreshwa kubicuruzwa, bihindura isura yibicuruzwa nibikorwa nkibi. Itandukaniro nyamukuru nuko urwego rwavukiye rutanga ibara ryera, kandi imitsi ni umuhondo.
Gutunganya Ubwoko
Gutwika hamwe na Rhodium ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi. Hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwo gutwikira bukoreshwa nabanyamwuga atari icumi.Gutunganya bisanzwe bikorwa mubihe byinshi. Hamwe nubufasha bwayo, ibicuruzwa bibona urumuri rukonje hamwe nigicucu cya feza. IHURIRO rikizwa igihe kirekire, tugura ubuzima bwa serivisi.
Ihitamo ryo gutora ryakoreshejwe mugihe ukorana na zahabu, ifeza ndetse n'imitako.
Ibice byarabura
Muri iki gihe, imiterere isanzwe yo kurinda ibyuma irabitswe, kandi ibintu byakira abanyacyubahiro kandi bitunganya umukara. Hamwe nibi bitunganya, ibicuruzwa bibona isura ya kera. Umwigisha arashobora guhindura icyumweru cyo kwitiranya: kuva kumucyo wijimye kugeza ibara ryuzuye ryumukara. Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya ni bwiza kubicuruzwa bifite amabuye yumukara cyangwa amasaro. Ingaruka yumwimerere iragerwaho kubiciro byimiti idasanzwe.
Kwita ku mitako
Ibicuruzwa bikenera kwitabwaho kandi bisanzwe. Kandi nubwo rhodium yongerera imbaraga kandi yambara kurwanya imitako, ariko biracyariho ni urwego ruto rwo gusiga, rwahanaguwe mugihe.
Kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bitunganijwe na Rhodium byasaga byerekanwe, igikoma kigomba kuvugururwa buri gihe.
Amategeko shingiro hamwe nibicuruzwa byatunganijwe byarangiye kumanota menshi.
- Kubika imitako birakenewe mumasanduku cyangwa urubanza.
- Nubwo kuvuka kwavutse ku miti, birakenewe kurinda imitako yo guhuza na reagents.
- Mbere yo kuryama, gusukura, gushushanya kwisiga no gukoresha imiti yo murugo, birakenewe gukuraho.
- Impeta zirashobora kwibasirwa cyane no gusiba gusiba. Bimaze gutakaza isura igaragara, bagomba kunyuzwa kumahugurwa yimitako.
- Birasabwa kugirango usukure ibicuruzwa. Akazi kagomba gukorwa utabanje gukoresha ibintu bikaze cyangwa biturika. Urashobora gukoresha igitambaro cyoroshye cyangwa guswera.
Ku nyungu z'ababyeyi, reba videwo ikurikira.