Umuntu uwo ari we wese - kuva mu mubare wa mbere ujya muri Pansiyo - azi neza icyo gucuranga ubusa bisa n'amajwi. Ariko ni iki, utavuga amajwi, igikoresho munsi yizina rigufi "Alt", ndatekereza, rizasubiza neza bike. Ariko, iyi nshinga-igufwa rya muzika irahari muri orchestre yose aho hari ubugizi bwa nabi. Reba icyo itandukaniro rya Viola na Violon.
Itandukaniro nyamukuru
Muri rusange, Alto na Violin - muburyo bwinshi ibikoresho bya muzika bisa, nka gitari isanzwe na gitari ya Baritone na Baritophone Baritone na Saxophone Alto. Ibikoresho byose mumibare yagenwe birasa, ariko bifite igenamiterere ritandukanye.
Byongeye kandi, indi mibare yibintu ni iy'ingenzi muri ibi bikoresho.
- Nubunini, umubiri wa fina ni ubugizi bwa nabi. Umuntu usanzwe aragoye kugiti cye kugirango amenye ubwoko bwimbere: Alto cyangwa gucuranga. Hanze, ni kimwe mumabara, igishushanyo, umubiri umeze nkigitonyanga. Kuva mubikoresho - imirongo ingana (4), umuheto, umucuro hamwe nikiraro. Ariko niba ibikoresho byashyize hafi, noneho itandukaniro rihita ritangaje. Ingano yimiturire yuzuye yabana yuzuye ni mm 356, iyo nkisanduku ya altove irashobora kuba ndende kuva 380 kugeza 445.
- Ibikoresho byo gushakisha nabyo bifite uburebure butandukanye . Violin ntabwo iri munsi yuburebure bwa gride, yemejwe na data kuri pompezaras ya viola na gucuranga. Menzira nintera iva kumurongo wo gutunganya neza, hanze yayo batagifite amagambo adahwitse yo guhura nintoki cyangwa umuheto muri zone zikinamico. Mubikoresho bisuzumwa, izi ngingo nimboga yo hejuru nubushake. Menzira-ingano ya violon ni 325 mm, na viola ni kuva kuri 335 kugeza kuri mm ya 335 kugeza 370, biterwa nubunini bwibikoresho.
- Imirongo ya alta. Ibi bisobanurwa ninyubako zitandukanye zizi "bene wabo". Kuva Alto yagizwe igitabo cyo hepfo, ntabwo afite umugozi wa Villalin yoroshye - "mi" of octave ya kabiri, ariko yongeyeho "kuri" octave ntoya, niyo yo hasi cyane y'umugozi muri Viola. Imirongo ya mbere, ibirindiro bya kabiri n'icya gatatu bya Alta yubahiriza iboneza n'ubunini bw'imigozi ya kabiri, ya gatatu n'iya kane ya violon.
- Yunamye hafi kimwe . Itandukaniro rishobora gusa kuboneka muburyo bwa padi (ahantu umuheto ufunzwe nintoki zumucuranzi). Kubikorwanga violon, inkweto zerekanwe cyangwa urukiramende. Altove umuheto burigihe afite guhagarika inguni. Kenshi na kenshi, umuheto wa alta nukuri rwose kandi bigoye gucuranga ubusa, kuko byakozwe nibikoresho byinshi bya violon, igihe kimwe cyiswe "Ingaburo nini".
Urashobora guhamagara ibindi bitandukanye bitandukanye, ariko indi miterere idafitanye isano no kugaragara, cyangwa amajwi cyangwa ibikoresho. Itandukaniro rifitanye isano nuburyo bwo kwigisha:
- Umukino kuri tote ahanini ntabwo yatojwe kuva mubwana kubera ubunini bwayo, Kuri Alt, abashinzwe ubuyomu ubusanzwe bakuze.
- Bikwiye kumvikana ko ibikoresho byombi ugereranije ni ubwoko bwigenga bwibikoresho byumuziki, Kubwibyo, buriwese afite ubushobozi bwa tekiniki hamwe nibikoresho byumukino, kumukino, kuri azwiho kumara imbaraga n'amasaha menshi yo guhugura.
Ndetse n'abavugizi babigize umwuga ntabwo byoroshye kwimurwa kuri Alto, bahawe ibipimo byigikoresho, umubyimba wumugozi na menuzur yiyongereye. Niki none kuvuga kubantu bamuhitamo gukomeza gurtyo mu muziki baracyari muri kaminuza yumuziki. Niyo mpamvu, birashoboka cyane, hashobora kubura amatoritisi mumitwe myinshi ya orchestre, aho amatsinda yibikoresho byakuru birimo.
Itandukaniro mumajwi
Kubijyanye n'ijwi ry'ibikoresho, urwego rw'amajwi rwa Alta ruva mu nyandiko "kuri" octave nto "mu nyandiko" mi "of octave ya gatatu octave (c3 - e6) - kuva kuri "Umunyu" wa octave nto kuri "LA" octave ya kane (G3 - A7). Biragaragara ko amajwi ya Alta kuri quint munsi ya violon murubanza ruto no muri kimwe cya kane binyuze muri octave (nesenzim) - hejuru.
Ni ukuvuga, inanga ya varil na cello Hybrid, uko ifise umwanya mubunini bwijwi riri hagati yabo.
Trios ya Violins, Viola na Cello bagura imirimo ikorwa. Sisitemu ya Cello iri munsi ya octave yose.
Kubera ijwi ryo hasi, Ishyaka rya Viola ryanditswe mu rufunguzo rwa Altovoy "kuri", rifite urupapuro rukurikira:
Harls ebyiri zurufunguzo hamwe na "ikiraro" kibahuza mugice cyo hagati cyerekana umurongo wa gatatu (hagati). Ibi bivuze aho inoti "kuri" octave yambere muriyi mitsi kumurongo wo hagati.
Rimwe na rimwe, inyandiko za Alta Andika no mu munyu w'urufunguzo rwabana "urufunguzo", ruzwi n'abantu bose kuva mu myaka y'abana:
Hari itandukaniro na ku timbre hagati Alt na violon. Byongeye, ndetse mu ijwi inoti abo mu uburebure rusange, ni ukuvuga mu zone guhuzwa mu Ibice Bya ibikoresho bibiri. Mu mazu ihame, bizaba amajwi mu Urutonde ku "umunyu" mu octave muto ku "Mi" ya octave gatatu (G3 - E6). Igikoresho altovoy timbre ni OYA ukurabagirana rusomwa, nka violon, ariko ni w'icuraburindi, Birenzeho Byuzuye, bamwe matte n'ibindi Umwenda obonerana, cyane ku mabara hasi. Ariko mu rubanza hejuru, amajwi Altaï guha bamwe belligentness.
Ibyo byose ni yasobanuye n'ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:
- Ingano kinini c'umubiri wa Alto ugereranyije urugomo (mbere ijwi Resonance riboneka mu mubumbe kurushaho rero ni Birenzeho na dutuwe violon);
- Menzur uburebure itandukaniro;
- Itandukaniro mu umutiba inanga.
Ikintu nyuma ni gusa amajwi, bikaba, n'ubwo baba "bahuriyeho" mu ijwi Ibice Bya Ibikoresho, ariko bikorerwa ku bitandukanye Ikurikiranyanyuguti Umubyimba.
Urugero, A Impugukirwa "umunyu" mu octave muto gusa yagize ku Gufungura kane Ikurikiranyanyuguti ya violon, kandi ashobora gukina ahantu habiri ku alte mu:
- ku wa gatatu Gufungura Ikurikiranyanyuguti ikwiranye ku Umubyimba Iboneza, nk'uko vyerekanwa hejuru, i Ikurikiranyanyuguti umubare 4 violon ku;
- Ku wa kane yakandakandiwe Ikurikiranyanyuguti, bitandukanye gatatu Umubyimba kurushaho no Birumvikana, ku Igenamiterere.
Nubwo gukina ndetse ku alte kimwe inoti cyose uburebure kimwe ku Ikurikiranyanyuguti bitandukanye, ushobora kumenya neza bibatandukanya mu timbre ya. Abo izavuga icyarimwe, ariko timbres kugenda na Amabara atandukanye.
Ni iki kiruta ikindi?
Niba hari ikibazo umugenzo ku guhitamo ubwoko igikoresho kwiga, hanyuma umuntu akuze azakuraho gutangira gukina altea. Ku, nk'uko bahanzi benshi violinist, kwiga uko gukina byoroshye na abasezeranya mu bijyanye basaba mu y'abacuraranzi amakipe bisa . Kandi umwana ufite imyaka Kuri neza habonetse mbere na hagati Birumvikana uburezi by'umuzika, mu biri kose, ni ngombwa guhitamo violon Ihitamo.
Birumvikana, hari ubu amashuri by'umuzika aho imfatiro Alto gukora arts ni barambika imyaka kare abana, ariko kugeza ubu ari ntibihagije ndetse mu rwego rwo ku utuwe migi karere, tutavuze ntara.
Ariko, imbere, yagombye kumva ijwi ibikoresho haba mu maboko ya bahanzi umwuga, Gufata bo mu maboko yabo bwite, maze gufata umwanzuro wa nyuma.
An insobanuro ihambaye afise igihe uhitamo ubwoko igikoresho kwigisha atume mu bahanzi kazoza: niba ari imbaraga, amaboko ni imbaraga, intoki ni kirekire, ushobora guhitamo bombi Alt na violon. Abantu iterambere h'amanegeka akenshi guhitamo violon, nk'uko icyoroshye ni na bwo kwidibamira more bo.
Kandi ikintu nyuma bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mahitamo ni - Ibyifuzo bya muzika byabakoresha, RECENTOIRE. Amajwi make ya viola cyangwa ibivangaho byinshi byumvikana ntabwo ari abacuranzi bose nka kimwe, bityo birakwiye rero kwibutsa kumva ibikoresho byombi mugihe runaka. Nibihe bikoresho bisa nkaho ari hafi yibyo bye nuburambe, azaba icyogajuru cyubuzima.