Igiti ni ibintu byiza kandi bifatika mubikorwa, bikabije bya kera ntibikoreshwa gusa mubikorwa bifatika, ariko nanone nkikintu cyo guhera. Umuntu wese azi igiti gitangaje cyibikoresho, ibikoresho bishushanya bishushanya Inama Nyiricyubahiro, Mosaic yimbaho.
Ahantu hihariye hakoreshejwe ubuhanzi bukoreshwa neza gutwika gushushanya ku giti. Nubwo iryo tegeko ryamenyekanye ko ikinyagihumbi kizwiho imyaka myinshi, gutwika bidafite agaciro mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri hamwe no kuza mu gikoresho kidasanzwe - Pyrograph ikorera ku mashanyarazi. Murakoze kuri we uyumunsi, umuntu wese arashobora gutwikwa.
Isura
Pyrography yahinduwe mu kigereki bisobanura "ibaruwa yaka", ni ukuvuga gushushanya. Nubwo ubuhanzi bwa kera bwo gutwika, iryo jambo ryagaragaye mu Bwongereza ugereranije n'iki gihe, mu kinyejana cya XIX. Kandi kuri makumyabiri mu bikomokaho, izina ryigikoresho kigezweho cyo gutwika ni Pyrographer.
Kugeza iyi ngingo, ubwoko nk'ubwo bwaba nta izina ry'ubwenge, nubwo inkuru ye nimero y'imyaka ibihumbi byinshi kandi ikabera ibihugu byose by'isi.
Igiti cy'umuco wa NASKA cyabonetse muri Peru, gitambishijwe imibare yatwitswe hejuru. Igihe cyo kugaragara kivuga imyaka 700 bc. Ns. Nubwo iyi ari yo ihagarariye cyane ibihangano kandi igashyira mu bikorwa, bishushanyije ku ngingo ishyushye.
Bamwe mu bahanga bemeza ko abantu batwitse ku giti hafi ako kanya, bakimara kumenya gushonga icyuma. Ishigikishijwe n'intoki zerekana amano yagabanijwe ku makara, hanyuma abifashijwemo bakoresheje igishushanyo ku giti.
Mu Bwongereza, ndetse na mbere yuko ibihe bya Victorian byashushanyije ibikoresho ibikoresho bishyushye, abanyabukorikori bitwa "poker ishyushye". Isaranganya rinini, ubuhanzi bwinjiye mu Burayi bwo hagati, imitako yaka umuriro yarimbishijwe ibikoresho byo murugo.
Abahanzi baba mubihe byamateka bakundaga gutwika ikiti - Rembrandt, Durer, Picasso Umwanditsi Viktor Hugo yagaragaye kenshi kuri uyu mwuga.
Mu gihugu cyacu, amashyamba akungahaye, ibiti byahoze ari ibikoresho nyamukuru byo kubaka no gutunganya ubuzima. No mu kinyejana cya IX-X, abanyabukorikori ntibakoze ibikoresho bidasubirwaho gusa, ariko nabyo byarabitsemye. Kubwo gutwika, umuriro ufunguye wakoreshejwe bwa mbere, hanyuma wiga gukurura bishyushye, bisa nimisumari hamwe na skeleton yinama.
Ku Burusiya Amasahani ashushanyijeho, ibiyiko, isabune, indobo. Ba shebuja w'ibikinisho bashushanyije ibyo barimo "umuriro", ibya Nestresse gakondo byabonetse cyane cyane.
Gutezimbere Ikoranabuhanga
Imyaka igihumbi, abantu batwitse ku giti rwose bashyushye "umusumari". Abanyabukorikori b'Abongereza bagera kuri XIX bahinduwe munsi ya "Ashyushye Kochergi" bafite umwobo cyangwa boiard hamwe namakara. Innonle yashyizwe kuri Kochka yo gutwika, kandi ikiganza cyari gikozwe mu mabuye y'agaciro meza kugira ngo atatwika. Rimwe na rimwe, shebuja yahaye akazi umuntu ufite inshingano zasohotse kugira ngo uhindure Kochergi mu itanura no kubazanira umuhanzi vuba bishoboka.
Mu kinyejana cya XIX, igikoresho cyaka cyanojwe. Urushinge rw'igikoresho rwashyushye ruva kuri pompe ikorera kuri lisansi. Muri kiriya gihe, ndetse n'abadamu batijega vuba, bamenyereye kuvoma pompe n'ukuboko kumwe, naho icya kabiri cyakoreshwaga hejuru y'ibiti.
Ku iherezo rya XIX, ibikoresho byaka byahindutse byose. Umwe muribo yari igishushanyo gifite umuyoboro uvanze gaze. Igikoresho cyakoreshejwe mu kurasa hejuru. Hafi yaryo hame yakoranye inzoga nyinshi. Muri kiriya gihe, itanura rya mbere ryamashanyarazi ryatangiye gukoresha gutwika.
Mu gice cya kabiri cyikinyejana gishize, umukinnyi wamashanyarazi yavumbuwe, ihame ryibikorwa byayo byasaga umurimo wugurisha. Ariko igishushanyo cyarutaga cyane kandi gikora ikibazo kinini. Ikibanza cyubu muburyo bwubuhanzi bwo gutwika ubuhanzi (1962) cyahimbwe mubyangavu yimyaka 15 Roy Roy Sange, cyangwa ahubwo, kuvugurura neza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bihari.
Igikoresho gishya cyatandukanijwe n'umutekano kandi nticyababajwe cyane.
Igishushanyo cyafashwe mu iterambere kugirango rikoreshwe. Duhereye kuri iyi ngingo, guhanga gutwika igiti byinjiye mubantu, ndetse biganye nabanyeshuri biga nishuri, cyane cyane ko pipogurufizi yari afite agaciro. Mu myaka 10 iri imbere, igikoresho cyaciwe neza kandi kimaze kurya igishushanyo dukoresha uyu munsi.
Gutwika muri iki gihe
Ubugizi bwa nabi bwa Pyrography bisobanura "gushushanya umuriro". Uburyo bukoreshwa icyarimwe: hamwe na laser, acide, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi, gutwara gaze gaz. Buri buryo butuma ibiranga tekinike yo gushushanya.
Pyograpp
Igikoresho cyamashanyarazi cyo gutwika ku giti, Plywood, uruhu nubundi buso. Bibaho ubwoko bubiri.
Transformer. Nibikoresho bikomeye bihindura neza ubutegetsi bwubushyuhe, burimo nichrome nozzle.
Kugurisha. Igikoresho cyahawe imiringa ya miringa, akenshi kibaho nta guhinduka k'ubushyuhe.
Gutwika gaze
Yashyizwe kuri gaze irashobora, gutwika bibaho hamwe numuriro ufunguye. Igikoresho gikoreshwa mugukora imvugo isanzwe. Umupfumu wumuriro ntabwo utwikiriwe nubuyobozi bwirabura gusa, ariko nanone shiraho igicucu gitandukanye cyubuso bwatwitse.
Gukusanya lens
Muri ubu buryo, urashobora gukora kumunsi wizuba gusa. Lens irakosorwa kugirango ishobore kwibanda ku misatsi yizuba hejuru yimbaho. Gukora igishushanyo, lens bimurwa kumukandara.
Ntabwo bikwiye gukoresha ikirahure gikomeye cyane, barashobora gutera umuriro.
Acide
Uburyo bwo gutwika bubaho muguhura na aside ya hydrochloric. Kugirango ukore ibi, ubuso bwakazi butwikiriwe na besiwax cyangwa paraffin, kurema urwego rukingira ibiti. Noneho ishusho noneho irakururwa, kugirango imirongo yo gushushanya ikongere hejuru yubutaka. Kuri ibi bice bisuka aside.
Pyrootype
Gukoresha igikoresho, icyitegererezo gikurikizwa nka kashe yarangije iyobowe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru.
