Ni bangahe bakoreshwa ku biro byanditse? Amezi angahe mbere yubukwe urashobora gusaba gushyingirwa? Kugaburira igihe ntarengwa. Ni bangahe ukeneye gutegereza kugirango usuzume inyandiko?

Abashakanye bahisemo guhambira iherezo ryabo, akenshi bahura nikibazo cyimihango. Urebye neza birasa nkaho bihagije kwandika inyandiko, kubishyikiriza inzego zibishinzwe kandi uhita usinya. Ariko, biragaragara ko hari igihe cyo kubahiriza hamwe nibikorwa byose. Ntabwo bizaba ikirenga kwiga amategeko yo gutanga ibyangombwa, kuko bitewe nikibazo runaka, igihe kirashobora gutandukana.

Niki ukeneye gukora mbere?

Ni ngombwa kuzirikana ko hiyongereyeho gusaba ubwabyo, ishyingiranwa rigomba kwishyura amafaranga ya Leta. Kugeza ubu, ingano yacyo ni amafaranga 350. Urebye ko uburyo bwo gushyingirwa ari umwe kuri bibiri, ugomba kwishyura amafaranga mugihe kimwe. Mbere nanone hari agaciro kerekana itariki yo kwiyandikisha, hitamo kimwe mubyifuzo kandi bikwiye. Muri iki gihe, birashoboka gutera imbere no guhitamo ntabwo ari umubare umwe, ariko benshi, kuva kumunsi wifuzwa muri biro yiyandikisha urashobora gutwarwa buri saha.

Kutara umwanya munini, birakenewe gukemura hamwe kubyo ibirori bizaba. Tugomba gufata umwanzuro mbere niba bizaba kure cyane cyangwa bisanzwe byubukwe.

Ni ngombwa kandi guhitamo niba umugeni azahindura izina ryayo cyangwa atari. Byongeye kandi, birakenewe guhitamo aho hantu ho kwizihiza, kubera ko ibyo bidashobora kuba ari ingoro y'ubukwe.

Urashobora guhamagara mbere yo gutandukanya ibiro byanditse kandi usobanure gahunda yiki kigo. Nubwo inzego zisanzwe zikora kuva kuwa kabiri kugeza kuwa gatandatu, bamwe muribo barashobora kugira igihe cyakazi cyakazi, aho bombi bazasaba gusaba. Byongeye kandi, mu gihugu cyacu ku wa kane wa kane w'ukwezi, nk'ubutegetsi, Sanden butangwamo aho nta Kwakira. Kugirango udatakaza umwanya wawe w'agaciro, ugomba guhitamo amasaha meza cyane.

Amategeko yo kuzuza no gutanga ibyangombwa

Nubwo iyo usaba, mubisanzwe ntaha ingorane, Hariho ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigomba kumenya.

• Ibi bikurikizwa kumakuru yatanzwe namakuru ya pasiporo. Ugomba kwerekana izina, izina, patrinyomic, itariki yavukiyeho, ubwenegihugu, kimwe namakuru yerekeye pasiporo ubwayo (kurugero, urukurikirane rwarwo). Ubwenegihugu bwuzuye ubwo bushake, aderesi yo gutura yuzuye kwiyandikisha.
• Kugirango wumve uburyo bwo kuzuza urupapuro rwa F-7, urashobora kubikuramo uhereye kurubuga rwisi yose. Bizakiza hakenewe kubanza kubiro byiyandikisha. Muri icyo gihe, igicapo kigomba gukorwa hamwe no kubisubiramo. Uzuza inyandiko zigomba gufata intoki hamwe nintoki zacitse. Muri iki kibazo, urashobora gukoresha ikiganza gifite ubururu cyangwa umukara wino.
• Ni ngombwa kumenya ko hagomba kubaho amagambo ahinnye no gukosorwa mu nyandiko. Mubyongeyeho, ni ngombwa kuzirikana nuancess: kumurongo uhisemo amazina ntashobora gusimbuka. Niba umugeni adashaka guhindura izina, bigomba byanze bikunze kwandika ubu muriyi gishushanyo. Nko uburyo bwo gutanga ibyifuzo, uyumunsi, ukurikije amategeko yacu, ibi bikorwa kumuntu cyangwa muburyo bwa interineti.

• Niba abashakanye bafite ubwenegihugu bwikirusiya, hanyuma usibye pasiporo (itike ya gisirikare kumukwe mugihe pasiporo idahari) bisaba ko habaho inyemezabwishyu ya leta ihembwa. Iyo undi muntu yaje gutanga ibyifuzo, ugomba gutanga imbaraga zubufasha bwemejwe muri Noteri, wemerera isegonda gutanga ibyangombwa amategeko yose. Iyo handitswe kimwe, aho umuntu atageze kuri benshi, gukemura kumugaragaro ababyeyi cyangwa abashinzwe umutekano basabwa.
• Abahoze bashyingirwa bagomba kuba icyemezo cyo guhagarika. Kubwibyo, niba kugabanuka mugihe cyibikorwa bisabwa, birakenewe kandi kwerekana izi nyandiko zishingiye ku rubanza runaka. Kurugero, birashobora kuba icyemezo cyo gutwita umugeni cyangwa kubyerekeye indwara yumwe mubashakanye ejo hazaza. Byongeye kandi, ibindi byifuzo birashobora gutangwa.
• Niba nta cyifuzo cyo guhagarara kumurongo, tanga ibisobanuro biroroshye binyuze mubice bya serivisi rusange. Kugirango ukore ibi, birakenewe kwiyandikisha aho, hanyuma nyuma yo kubona umubano kurutonde rwa serivisi. Usibye kuzuza ifishi ya elegitoronike, urashobora guhitamo aho bashakanye. Irashobora kuba icyumba aho kwiyandikisha cyangwa ubundi buryo bwishimira couple, kurugero, ikigo gishobora kuba hafi ya resitora aho giteganijwe kwizihiza ikintu gikomeye.

Ni ryari nshobora gutanga inyandiko?

Utitaye ku kuba ibice byose byo ku biro bitarijwe byagenewe ibigo byose nk'ibi, birashobora kugira amabwiriza yabo. Kurugero, mu bigo byubukwe, inyandiko zikwiye zatanzwe amezi menshi. Ariko, igitekerezo ko inyandiko zishobora gutangwa umwaka mbere yubukwe ari amakosa. Nkibihe bisanzwe, ugereranije, margign yubukwe ishyirwaho ukwezi mbere yubukwe.

Uyu munsi, mugihe usaba udashobora kubikwa itariki wifuza. Gutanga umwanya ngwa na beto mugihe cyigihugu cyacu byemewe n'amategeko ukurikije amezi abiri kugeza ku mezi atandatu. Ariko, icyarimwe, ukwezi mbere yitariki yashyizwehobwaho, ugomba kuza ku biro bitari hanyuma ugomba gushyingirwa. Bitabaye ibyo, ntihazabaho impamvu zo gutuma.

Hano hari ibintu bidasanzwe (fedence) aho usaba (umwe, akenshi wumugeni) yageze kumyaka 14. Ariko, muriki gihe, nubwo hari uburenganzira bw'ababyeyi cyangwa abarezi, kudakora nta burenganzira bwa guverineri w'akarere runaka. Ariko icyarimwe, niba kwiyandikisha bigenewe hagati yumurinzi numwana uhwanye, ntibishoboka kandi byakira ikibazo cyanze. Ibintu nk'ibyo birashobora kuvugwa ku bana barezwe n'ababyeyi babo. Mu bihe nk'ibi, gusaba ntibyemewe gusa.

Tanga ibyangombwa ku biro bitaro ntibishobora abatuye umujyi umwe gusa. Mu gihugu cyacu, amategeko agenga kwandikisha abaturage, imwe muri imwe itondekanya ku mugaragaro n'umuturage w'undi mujyi. Urashobora kuvugana numubiri wubukwe, utitaye kumwanya wo gutura cyangwa umugeni. Kwanga kwemera gusaba muriki kibazo bizaba bitemewe.

Birashoboka guhitamo amatariki abiri nibindi byinshi?

Iyo tuvuganye n'Ikigo cy'ubukwe, birashoboka kandi ni ngombwa kandi cyane cyane, mugihe umubare ukeneye umuco runaka, w'ingenzi kuri bo, gutondekanya amatariki menshi. Ariko, niba gusaba gukoreshwa binyuze mu kimenyetso cya serivisi rusange, umubare w'amahirwe uragabanuka. Yemerewe kwerekana amatariki abiri gusa. Muri icyo gihe, niba kubwimpamvu yumugeni numugeni bataza kwiyandikisha kumunsi wa mbere, bazashobora kubikora muyindi munsi watswe. Itariki yo kwimura izabaho mu buryo bwikora.

Niba itariki yubukwe yimuriwe gusa nundi munsi kubera kunanirwa kugaragara mubukwe, birakenewe kongera gutanga ibyifuzo, kubwibyo, ubundi bwishyu bwa leta. Ariko, niba aba bombi baburiwe abakozi bashingiye ku bacukuzi hakiri kare, batazashobora kwiyandikisha, kandi bakeneye kwimura itariki, guhemba ubwa kabiri ku gishushanyo ntibikeneye.

Byuzuye rwose kubiro bitandukanye byibiro byiyandikisha. Ariko, hano ukeneye kumva ko kuri buri jambo ryatanze rigomba kwishyura inshingano za leta. Muri icyo gihe, yemerewe guhitamo itariki imwe mu bigo bitandukanye byo kuzamura amahirwe yo gusinya umunsi watoranijwe.

Batekereza ryari?

Kimwe nimirimo yose ya leta, gutekereza kumwanya runaka. Ibigo bya Leta bifite igihe ntarengwa cyagenwe ukeneye kumenya abiyemeje gusaba gushyingirwa.

• Ijambo risanzwe ni iminsi 30. Nibihe byibuze byo gusuzuma ibyifuzo kuva yayoboka mubihe bisanzwe.
• Amagambo ahinnye afatwa ku giti cye. Ukurikije uko ibintu bimeze, ijambo ntarengwa ryo gusuzuma rishobora kuva ku minsi imwe kugeza kuri itanu.
• Kongera igihe cyo gutegereza birashobora kugera ku mezi abiri. Ibi birashoboka hamwe nakazi gakomeye k'ibigo. Hano ugomba gutegereza guhindukira.

Hariho kandi imiterere yubusa aho ibiro byabigenewe bishobora kwiyandikisha ku munsi wo gusaba. Iki cyemezo gifata umuyobozi w'ishami hashingiwe ku nyandiko yatanzwe n'ibihe bifatika. Naho ibirwanisho, igihe ntarengwa kirashobora gutegurwa, gutanga porogaramu binyuze muri portage rusange (igice cyumwaka).

Igihe kirashobora kugabanuka niba abashyingiranywe badategura ubukwe bukomeye. Noneho abashyitsi ntibatumiwe, bityo ntibikenewe gutegereza umunsi runaka. Mugihe habuze akazi, ibiro byiyandikisha birashobora guha ibimenyetso kumutwe uri hafi cyangwa kuwagatatu, kuko muriyi minsi niho bidasubirwaho igihe cyubusa. Ariko, niba ikigo gifite amahame akomeye, ategereje kwiyandikisha nyuma yo gusuzuma ibyifuzo bizakomeza kubona byibura ukwezi.

Naho igihe cyo gupakira cyumwaka, iki gihe kuva muri Gicurasi kugeza muri Nzeri. Muri ako kangahe, ukurikije imibare, gusuzuma ibyatanzwe byo kwandikisha ishyingiranwa bigomba gutegereza igihe kirekire.

Nibihe bisabwa kugirango utange, niba umwe muri bombi ari umunyamahanga?

Muri uru rubanza, mugihe utanze icyifuzo kandi kuba inshingano za leta ihembwa igomba gutegura kopi yinyandiko yemeza imiterere yumuturage wamahanga. Amakuru yatanzwe agomba kuba itegeko mu rurimi rwacu kandi yanditseho noteri. Tutabaye ibyo, ntacyo bimaze gutanga ibyifuzo. Byongeye kandi, ntugomba kwibagirwa ko ukeneye kugira visa nawe, ugomba kuba umunyamahanga. Kandi, niba umunyamahanga yahoze ashyingirwa byemewe n'amategeko, bigomba byanze bikunze atanga inyandiko ku guhagarika ibyo.

Ni ryari ubukwe bwihutirwa bushoboka?

Hariho ibibazo mugihe ushobora kugabanya igihe cyo gusuzuma inyandiko. Kurugero, ibi bikurikira:

• Gutegereza umwana mugihe cyibyumweru icumi;
• Kuboneka kwumwana uhuriweho mumagambo atanga;
• Indwara y'urubyiruko ruremereye cyangwa umugeni;
• Imiterere igoye yubuzima aho umuvuduko wa kimwe mubitabo uzagumaho.

Ni iki kindi gifite akamaro kumenya?

Niba umugeni cyangwa umukwe ari muto, mubihe byose kubushake bwabo, ntibazashobora gusaba kurushinga. Dukurikije amategeko, ugomba gutegereza imyaka cumi n'umunani. Rimwe na rimwe, kwitabwaho birashobora kwiyongera kubera ibiruhuko. Kurugero, birashobora kuba iminsi yambere yumwaka utaha.

Tutitaye ku cyifuzo cy'abashakanye, ntibishoboka kubona amatariki yo ku buntu kandi cyane cyane igihe cyo kumenya ibintu bifatika. Amakuru nkaya ntabwo atangazwa ku gice cya serivisi rusange, ntabwo kigaragaza kuri terefone. Amakuru arashobora kuboneka gusa, kandi bazitabira neza kwiyandikisha.

Kubijyanye no gushushanya no gutanga porogaramu ukoresheje Portal Serivisi rusange, mbere yo kuzura ifishi ugomba gukora konti zumugabo numugore. Nyuma yibyo ni ngombwa kujya mu gice cyo kwiyandikisha kandi wuzuze ibyifuzo.

Umuntu agomba kuzuza umwe, ariko icyarimwe, kuva kuri konti ya kabiri, birakenewe kwemeza uruhushya rwo kurongora. Nyuma yibyo, itariki nigihe cyo kwiyandikisha.

Igisubizo cyibihe bitasanzwe

Hanyuma, birakwiye ko dusuzuma ibintu byinshi bidasanzwe tubimenya Nigute ushobora gukora mugihe runaka n'impamvu umukozi wo kwitondera ushobora kwanga kwiyandikisha.

• Niba umugeni ahinduye imyaka 20 kandi ni ngombwa guhindura pasiporo, ariko icyarimwe igiye kurongora, urashobora guhita uhindura pasiporo nizina ryawe.
• Niba nta mukobwa wumukobwa cyangwa umusore ufite imyaka 18, ntacyo bimaze gukora utabanje kubiherwa uruhushya nababyeyi, ntabwo byemewe gusa kubisuzuma. Mugihe kimwe, ntugomba kugerageza kurenga ikibazo muburyo bwa interineti. Nubwo kugeza igihe cyo kugaza ubwinshi, ntituzasuzuma gusaba, abashakanye bazahabwa kwandika neza kwiyandikisha.
• Naho ikiguzi cyo kwiyandikisha, akenshi niho gishobora kuba umwanya udashimishije uzangiza umwuka bombi. Niba nta mafaranga yo gushyingirwa bikomeye, ntukeneye kwishyura ikindi kintu kitari inshingano za leta. Amaherezo, mugihe kidahari ntabwo byumvikana kwishyura umuziki wa Live namafoto.
• Kwirukanwa ku gahato umwe mu bashakanye b'ejo hazaza mu gihugu cyacu ntabwo ari mu bihe byo kugabanya igihe cyo gusuzuma.
• Niba abashakanye bashishikajwe numunsi wihariye wo kwiyandikisha, bombi bafite akamaro kanini kuri bo, umuntu arashobora gusaba binyuze muri porsal ya leta. Muri uru rubanza, birashoboka cyane kugera kumunsi wifuza.

Ntibishoboka ko ntazasinya umunsi umwe, hanyuma wandike ubukwe mumyandiko indi tariki. Ibi ntibyemewe, kandi rero nta mukozi wiyandikisha yemeye iyi ntambwe. Icyemezo kizerekana neza itariki umwanzuro wubukwe uzabera.

Hamwe nuburyo busanzwe no kubahiriza ibintu byose, koresha kubiro byiyandikisha bigomba kuba ukwezi. Ariko, kubera ibihe byubuzima, iki gihe gishobora guhinduka haba murinini no muruhande ruto. Iki cyemezo gifata umuyobozi w'ishami runaka ry'ubukwe, rishingiye ku nyandiko n'amategeko yo kwiyandikisha mu manza zidasanzwe. Birashoboka ko bidashoboka buri gihe kugabanya igihe cyo gutegereza kubera akazi kabiro byiyandikisha. Byongeye kandi, igitekerezo icyo ari cyo cyose kigomba kwemererwa, ntigishobora kwihuta niba nta mpamvu zikomeye zayo.

Mu bihe bisanzwe, gusaba ni bibiri mu ishami iryo ari ryo ryose ry'ibiro byanditswe mu karere ka federasiyo y'Uburusiya. Niba ibi bidashoboka, koresha uburyo kugirango wuzuze ibisobanuro bitandukanye, amagambo ya buri ruhande yanditswe mu bwigenge (birashoboka rwose kuri buriwese). Mu bihe biri imbere, inyandiko zihabwa no mu noteri kandi zishyikirizwa ibiro bitabigenewe. Nta cyemezo muri uru rubanza, abakozi b'ingoro y'ubukwe ntibazabakira, kabone niyo haba hari impaka nziza.

Kubyerekeye amakosa akomeye yabashyingiranywe muri biro yiyandikisha, reba videwo ikurikira.