Abatuye mu mijyi minini barashobora kwishimira byimazeyo uburyo ubuzima bwabo bushingiye kumushoferi wa Metro. Buri munsi wizeye uyu muntu utamenyereye gahunda yawe yumunsi, inzira yo mumijyi, ihumure ryurugendo na gahunda nyinshi zingenzi. Mu kiganiro cyacu tuzakubwira byinshi Niki gice cyinshingano z'umushoferi wa Metro, ibisabwa bishyirwaho umukandida kuri uyu mwanya, kandi ni izihe nshingano iyi nshingano ivugijwe.
Amafaranga yihariye
Umushoferi wa gari ya moshi ni Umuntu utanga imicungire ya Lokomo yamashanyarazi kandi ashinzwe gutwara abagenzi ku butaka no mu mirongo yo munsi ya Metro i Megalopolis. Birashobora kuvugwa ko uyu ari umushoferi wa gari ya moshi.
Metro yambere yagaragaye mu 1863 mu Bwongereza. Ku ikubitiro, gari ya moshi imuwe hamwe nimbunda ya Steam, hanyuma utangire kuva 1890 - zisanzwe ziri kumashanyarazi. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, umurongo wa mbere watangijwe mu 1935 i Moscou.
Hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga rigezweho kubutaka gakondo hamwe na Metro yo munsi yubutaka na Metro yo gutwara
Ibihimbano biyoborwa nabanyamwuga bakorerwa amahugurwa yihariye. Mu Burusiya, uyu munsi, metero ikorera gusa mu mijyi minini cyane - St. Petersburg, Moscou, Kazan, kimwe na N. Novorod, Novosibirsk na Samara. Byongeye kandi, muri volgograd hari metero.
Umugabo ushaka kuba umushoferi wa Metro, Ntigomba kugira ubumenyi bwa tekiniki gusa nubushobozi bwiteguye muburyo burebure kugirango ukore munsi yubutaka mubihe bifunze, nuko abasaba bose ari itegeko mbere yo kwipimisha. Nkingingo, umushoferi wa metwo akora. Kurugero, muri Moscou Hariho umunsi, nimugoroba, kimwe no guhinduranya nijoro, mugihe ihinduka rya nijoro, zigabanijwemo byinshi: hanyuma igice gito cyiminsi, hanyuma igice gito nigice gito kirashira.
Ukurikije imiterere y'ibikorwa byayo, umushoferi wa Metro arashobora kugira uruhare mugukemura imirimo nkiyi nka:
- Abagenzi bimuka bakurikije urupapuro rwihariye;
- Ibihe bya Maneuver barangije sitasiyo;
- Guma mu bubiko;
- Ingingo yo kubura abo mukorana.
Ni ngombwa cyane ko umushoferi atwara abagenzi hamwe nubwumvikane neza na gahunda yo kugenda.
Iyi nzobere igomba Witegereze ibikoresho by'umutekano , nibiba ngombwa, gushobora Tanga ubufasha bwa mbere , kandi igihe cyagenwe Witondere ubwoko butandukanye bwibihe bidasanzwe.
Inshingano
Inshingano z'abakozi b'amabuye Metro zirimo imirimo ikurikira:
- kubahiriza amategeko y'umutekano washyizweho, ndetse n'imfashanyigisho zemewe zo gutwara amashanyarazi;
- Buri munsi yipimisha ubuvuzi bwihariye mbere yumurimo wa shift;
- Gutegura kwemerwa ibihimbano no gutanga;
- Kugenzura imikorere ya sisitemu ya feri;
- Gukora ibikorwa byo gutwara abagenzi hakurikijwe gahunda yashyizweho yo kugenda tutiriwe yinjira mu kabari k'abantu batabifitiye uburenganzira;
- Gukoresha uburyo bwo gukoresha neza kandi buzigama-buzigama bwo gutwara amashanyarazi;
- Igisubizo ku gihe cyamakuru ayo ari yo yose aturuka kuri sisitemu yihutirwa n'abagenzi;
- kugenzura imiterere ya tekiniki y'amagare, kimwe na cabs ya shoferi;
- Kumenyesha uruganda rwa Metro kumakosa yose.
Ibisabwa
Ukurikije ubu Igitabo Cyiciro gihuriweho , umuntu ufite ubuzima bwiza gusa, umubiri ufite imyaka 18-4 afite imyaka 18-40, wagiye imirimo yihutirwa mu rwego rw'ingabo z'Uburusiya kandi nta munsi yo gushyirwaho na gari ya moshi y'amashanyarazi . Kora kuri uyu mwanya w'abahagarariye abakobwa ntabwo uteganywa n'amategeko.
Uyu munsi, umushoferi wa Metro ni mwiza Yarokotse n'umwuga. Nkibisobanuro, imyanya myinshi ifunguye kugeza uyu mwanya kandi muburyo budahagarikwa hari amahugurwa kubakozi bashya. Ariko, ibisabwa byerekanwe kubasaba ni byiza cyane. Buri mukandida wo kuba umushoferi wa Metro agomba byanze bikunze anyura mubyifuzo bya psychologiya kugirango amenye amafaranga yihariye ya psychotype ye. Nkibisubizo byubu bushakashatsi, usaba atamenya ubushobozi bwo kwitonda, gufata mu mutwe amakuru menshi, kimwe nubushobozi bwo guhinduranya kuva kumurongo umwe ujya mubindi.
Akamaro gakomeye Kwemeza kumwanya wa gari ya moshi Imiterere yumubiri yumuntu. Aba bakozi bagomba kugira ubuzima bwiza kandi nta ndwara zidakira. Bagomba kumubiri kumubiri kwihanganira imitwaro minini kubera akazi mugihe cyumwijima. Umuntu ufite pathologiya ya vestibulandos ntabwo yemerewe gukora, kuva kugenda kwa gari ya moshi yamashanyarazi aherekejwe no kunyeganyega. Umushoferi wa Metro agomba kuba afite ibitekerezo byihutirwa hamwe nibara ryiza murwego rwa 100%. Uyu muntu agomba gusuzumwa gutangazwa na muganga-Narologe, kuva umukandida watsinze kuri uyu mwanya ntashobora kugira ingeso mbi kandi mbi.
Mbere yo gutangira impinduka zumurimo, umushoferi agomba gutsinda ikizamini cyo kwa muganga - Umukozi apima ibipimo byumutima nigitutu, kandi akanashyiraho alkotest hanyuma akamenya ko ahari cyangwa adahari ibintu bibujijwe.
Niba umushoferi ari muburyo bubi, muburyo bukomeye, guhangayika cyangwa kwiheba - ibi birashobora kuba ishingiro ryo gukuraho impinduka. Gusa ubugenzuzi bukabije buzemerera kurengera ubuzima bwabagenzi no gukumira ibiza.
Inshingano
Umushoferi wa gari ya moshi ya gari ya moshi ashinzwe imikorere ikwiye hamwe nibigizemo ibihimbano byamuhaye mugucisha bugufi, kimwe numuco wa serivisi yumugenzi numutekano wimuka wabo. Byongeye kandi, uyu muntu ashinzwe ibikorwa byumufasha we.
Amategeko ashyiraho inshingano z'umushoferi n'umufasha wacyo ku mpamvu zikurikira:
- Ibikubiye muri injeniyeri washinzwe na mashini, kimwe no kubara, Igikoresho cyo gusana nigitabo cyo gusana igice cyitariki yo kwemerwa kwabo kubyara;
- guharanira umutekano w'abagenzi n'imiryango itwara abantu;
- gutanga umuco wo kubungabunga;
- Kubahiriza ibikorwa bya tekiniki bya Metropolitans byashyizweho no gutumizwa bidasanzwe byemewe mu gihugu hose;
- kubahiriza amabwiriza yo kwimura ibihangano n'ibinyabiziga bitandukanye, amabwiriza yo kurinda imirimo, ibipimo byumutekano wumuriro;
- kubahiriza amategeko yose agena imikorere ya trigade ya lokomoteri;
- Ibizamini byipimisha igihe, kimwe nurugendo mbere yo guhagarara no gushinga no gusuzuma;
- Kumenyesha gari ya moshi cyangwa umushoferi wigisha kubira amakosa mumagare, kubungabunga imikorere isanzwe yimodoka nibintu byihariye;
- Guharanira kugenzura inshingano z'abakozi.
Na Umushoferi wa Metro arashobora kubazwa Mugihe ubumenyi bwa tekiniki nubuhanga bufatika mugusohoka mubihe bidashoboka byo kuzunguruka bidashimishije. Iyi nzobere nta burenganzira ifite bwo gusohora kumena no guhagarika ibikoresho bitemewe, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'umutekano, ntibishobora guhagarika ibikoresho by'umutekano bidafite ishingiro bitagize ibyo wabonye muri gari ya moshi yoherezaga.
Uburezi
Kugirango ukore nkumucuranganya, mwiza Shaka amashuri yimyuga mu cyerekezo cy'umushoferi wa Lokomotive. Urashobora kwinjiza DSUS byombi hashingiwe kuri 9 na nyuma yicyiciro cya 11 - Igena gusa igihe cyamahugurwa gusa. Byongeye kandi, umushoferi wa Metro agomba kurushaho kwiga muri ikigo. Ariko, ibi bizasaba igihe n'imbaraga nke kuruta kubona ubumenyi kuva gushushanya, nubwo iyi myitozo ikora ibintu byiza bisabwa kubasaba.
Kuva kumunsi wa mbere wa porogaramu, bagomba kuba bafite indero cyane no kubahiriza igihe, ntibikemerera ibidakemwa bikabaho n'umunota umwe - kurenga kuri iki gisabwa guhita binjira ku kibazo. Ntabwo byemewe kwibaza hamwe namasomo kubibazo byihariye. Mubyukuri, guhera kumunsi wambere wo kwiga, abanyeshuri bose b'abanyeshuri barashobora kubahirizwa gusa na Metro.
Mugihe cyo kurangiza inshingano zabo zakazi Imashini ntiremewe Kugira ngo ukoreshe terefone igendanwa, tablet na, muri rusange, kurangara kurangiza ibisobanuro byakazi - bitandukanye, kandi mugihe cyamasomo ibyo bikorwa nabyo bibujijwe ko hazamo abashoferi ba Metro.
Mu kwezi kwa mbere kw'ibice by'amahugurwa mu masomo y'ibaruramari kubwumwuga wa "umufasha wungirije wa gari ya moshi. Irangira inama hamwe nimyitozo ikurikira ya buri cyumweru muri depot, nyuma yo gutsinda ibizamini.
Kuva ku ya 2 kugeza ku kwezi kwa 5, amahugurwa akorerwa mu kigero cyihariye "umushoferi wa gari ya moshi y'amashanyarazi". Muri iki gihe, abanyeshuri biga imiterere yububiko bwububiko, bamenyera amahame n'amabwiriza yashizweho hagamijwe gukora tekinike y'imodoka, bamenya impamvu zishoboka zitera gusenyuka n'amakosa y'imodoka nuburyo bwo kubikuraho vuba bishoboka. Amasomo ararangiye kubice byimyitozo ya buri kwezi muri depot. Mubyukuri, muri iki gihe bumaze gutangwa ku bakozi no gusoza amasezerano y'akazi, ndetse n'ubunini bw'umushahara. Ariko umurimo ukorwa munsi yumujyanama wuwakwemereye amahugurwa ya metro.
Kurangiza kwimenyereza umwuga, ugomba gutsinda ibizamini:
- ibikoresho bya pneumatike;
- ibikoresho bya mashini;
- ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi;
- Gucunga Gariyamoshi.
Nyamara, ubushakashatsi bwifashe neza no gutanga ibizamini byanyuma ntabwo byanze bikunze kuzamura hamwe nibyiciro byimpapuro "Metro". Kubasaba bagomba Kora kumwanya wubufasha wubufasha bwandi mezi 3. Muri kiriya gihe, hiyongereyeho gusohoza inshingano zabo zihuse, umukandida ku mashini agomba kwitabira imikino yihutirwa, ingendo zimyitozo, ndetse no kwitabira inama n'ibindi bintu byabaye.
Nyuma yigihe cyamezi 3, ibikorwa byose byigisha kandi abajyanama bagomba gusinywa, ndetse no kubitsa kubitsa no kurenga ibizamini byimbere. Gusa nyuma yo gutsinda kwabo gutsinda, umukandida arashobora gufata umwanya wumushoferi wa gari ya moshi nta cyiciro.
Ikora he?
Abahagarariye uyu mwuga ukora muri metero. Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, urugero rwibikorwa byumurimo bigarukira mumijyi myinshi minini.
Mu gihugu cyacu, iyi ni umwuga - nyuma yumwuga, kandi ubwishyu bwayo ni hejuru cyane. Byuzuye biterwa numubare wibipimo.
- Impamyabumenyi Itsinda ryumukozi nuburambe muburyo bwihariye . Rero, abashoramari rya Metro byicyiciro cya 1, burenze imyaka 10, barashobora kwakira ukwezi ku bihumbi 100 buri kwezi. Ariko, abakozi bafite uburambe nk'ubwo, kuko mu mwuga habaye impamyabumenyi ikomeye.
- Umubare w'imishahara ugira ingaruka Igihe cyakoraga. Dukurikije ibipimo biriho ku munsi, umushoferi wa Metro ategekwa gukora amasaha 6, kandi mu cyumweru - 36. Ikibabaje, kubera kubura inzobere zibifitiye ububasha kugeza ubu, igihe cy'umunsi gikunze kwiyongera kugeza isaha 8 Ibisekuru bya buri munsi. Ibi byongera cyane urwego rwumushahara, ariko kandi kubuzima bwumukozi bugira ingaruka muburyo bubi.
- Kora nimugoroba, kandi nijoro yishyurwa 20% kurenza kumanywa. Igipimo cyo guhindura nijoro kirenze buri munsi 40%, hamwe nabashoferi ba gari ya moshi, impinduka zayo zacitse nibihe byinshi kumunsi, biboneka 30% byinshi.
Hariho itandukaniro riri hagati yumushahara wabareba muri Metro mumijyi itandukanye yigihugu cyacu. Usibye umushahara mwiza, umurimo uremereye w'abakozi bo muri uyu mwuga ubamerera kubara bimwe Inyungu. Harimo:
- Urugendo rwubusa muri Metropolitan igihe icyo aricyo cyose kandi mubyerekezo byose;
- Umwaka uhembwa ushize, wishyuwe byuzuye mugihe cyiminsi 42 guhera mumwaka wa 3 wakazi muri depo, byiyongera ku minsi 44;
- Inzobere iyo ari yo yose ifite uburenganzira bwo kubara ahantu mu bikoresho byo kwidagadura by'abakozi ba depo;
- Abakozi b'iyi serivisi bafite amatike ya gari ya moshi kubuntu kugirango bagende aho imyidagaduro, kimwe na inyuma;
- buri gihembwe na buri mwaka.
Byongeye kandi, abanyamanswa za Metro bafite uburenganzira bwo kwiga muri kaminuza iyo ari yo yose ijyanye n'inzira z'itumanaho. Kimwe nabakozi b'iki kigero barashobora kwiringira serivisi z'ubuvuzi kubuntu mu bigo biyobowe.
