Abantu bakora imirimo yo gukora ibicuruzwa kwisi yose bahoraga bubahwa na societe. Umwuga wubwubatsi ni urugero. Inyubako ninzego zigipimo icyo ari cyo cyose mbere yubwubatsi bisaba kwiga neza. Uyu mwuga wa kera kandi wubaha uhuza ubumenyi bwubuhanga gusa, ariko nanone bwa tekiniki, ubuhanzi ndetse nubumenyi bwikiremwamuntu.
Shaka uburezi bwibanze mumwanya wububiko - umurimo utoroshye, Ariko hamwe nubushake bwawe hamwe namahugurwa meza yo kumenya ikigo, ariko umwuga wo guhanga wubatswe birashoboka rwose.
Umwuga uranga
Ubwubatsi bugahuza tekiniki no kurema. Mbere, uyu mwuga wabonye ko ari umwihariko wemerera imishinga yo kubaka. Icyerekezo nkicyo cyakozwe mugihe cyo mumijyi, igihe ibihe byo kubaka imigi minini kandi nto byatangiye. Mu gusobanukirwa n'abantu benshi, umushinga w'Umujyi ni we ugize isura y'umujyi, kandi impano y'inzobere yasuzumwe n'umurimo we urangije. Ariko mu kinyejana gishize, reba umwuga w'Ubwubatsi wariwe cyane, kandi umwihariko watangiye kugabana munganda 2 z'isi.
- Inganda. Hano, umurimo wubatswe nigishushanyo kinini cyinyubako ninzego zubwoko butandukanye. Ibi birashobora kuba bifite amahugurwa yo guturamo cyangwa amahugurwa yumusaruro. Umushinga ugomba gukorerwa muburyo buto kandi birimo ibishushanyo birambuye biherekejwe nibisobanuro.
- Inganda zo gutegura imijyi . Muri iki gihe, imirimo yambere yimiterere yinyubako zumuturo irakemuka, hitaweho ibikorwa remezo byose: imihanda, itumanaho, ibyara, ibigo byubuvuzi. Muburyo bwo gukora umushinga, umwubatsi wizirika umuyaga wazamutse, ibiranga ubutaka, ubujyakuzimu bwamazi yubutaka nibindi. Nyuma yubwubatsi bwakazi, inganda zishushanyije zirahujwe, aho imishinga yinyubako ubwazo zimaze kuremwa.
Umwuga uwo ariwo wose mugihe cyo guhinduka mugutezimbere. Muri iki gihe, kwitondera bisuzumwa bifite byinshi mubwoko bukuru bukunzwe.
- Umubatsi nyamukuru. Uyu ni umunyamwuga ushoboye kandi ufite uburambe ushobora kuyobora abandi bahanga kandi bashobora kubona ibikoresho byumushinga iyo ari yo yose yubatswe, guhindura ibibazo biri muri byo mbere (mbere yuko imirimo yo kubaka). Byongeye kandi, uyu muntu akora n'imikorere yo kuyobora no gukwirakwiza inshingano n'intumwa z'imbaraga mu itsinda rikora ryashinzwe.
- Ububiko . Igikorwa cye ni ugushiraho umushinga wihariye kandi wubuhanzi, ushobora kugira ingaruka ku nyubako ngenda kandi zigarukira ku gishushanyo mbonera cy'icyumba. Indangagaciro (Inzego zo hanze n'imbere) zigira uruhare runini mu kubaka, bityo uwashushanyije ubwubatsi uyu munsi nimwe mu myuga isaba.
- Umwubatsi. Usibye inyubako, Ubwubatsi nabwo bureba igishushanyo mbonera cyakarere kidukikije. Shushanya ubusitani, agace ka parike cyangwa agace kaho - ibyo byose ni imirimo yubutaka. Inzobere nk'iyi, usibye ubumenyi bw'igishushanyo, bigomba kumvikana mubibazo bibabaje, kuko ahantu hahujwe no guhuza ibintu muburyo butandukanye kandi bufite ubutaka.
- Umwubatsi wumurimo wo gusana . Iyi yihariye igamije kugarura inzibutso, inyubako nuburyo hamwe namateka cyangwa umuco. Umwubatsi ashyirwaho kubikorwa ntabwo ari ugusubiza gusa kandi neza kugarura ikintu, ariko nanone kubikora kuburyo bihuye numwanya wacyo wambere.
Mubikorwa byubwubatsi bugezweho, ubumenyi bwibanze bwibanze ni ngombwa, bityo umwuga usobanura inzira ikomeye yo kwiga igihe kirekire kandi yibanze.
Ibisabwa muri kaminuza
Kuba umwubatsi, ntabwo bihagije kugirango uhamagare ingingo zo hejuru ukurikije ibisubizo byikizamini no kugerageza ibizamini byinjira. Umwirondoro Ibigo Byisumbuye Bizakenera kubasaba gukora ibizamini ku gishushanyo cyamasomo, gushushanya no guhimba. Ibisabwa nkibi bishingiye kuri kaminuza yatoranijwe, hamwe nibisobanuro byishami, aho ushaka kwiga. Tangira kwiga muri kaminuza birashobora nyuma yicyiciro cya 11. Niba ushaka kwiga ubwubatsi muburyo burambuye kandi bwimbitse, Birumvikana nyuma yicyiciro cya 9 kugirango winjireho Ishuri Rikuru hanyuma utangire kwiga umwuga na Azov, hanyuma ukore andi mahugurwa muri kaminuza yatoranijwe nabi.
Ibisabwa nibigo byuburezi byubatswe birakomeye, kandi Icy'ingenzi muri bo ni ikizamini cyo gushushanya. Ikizamini nkiki gikorwa mubyiciro 2. Ubwa mbere, usaba azatangwa kumasaha 6 yo gukora igishushanyo kinini cyumutwe wa kera. Ku cyiciro gikurikira, kumasaha 4, ingingo yo gushushanya ibisigazwa byinshi bigizwe na geometrike. Igishushanyo kigomba gukorwa mugihe cya cm 40x30 ukoresheje ikaramu.
Mu murimo w'ikizamini, ubwubatsi butaraha Ugomba kwerekana imitekerereze yawe ya spatial, ubushobozi bwo kubona ibintu projection, menya uburyo urugero rwimuriwe ku gishushanyo, no kumva amategeko yaremye impapuro. Byongeye kandi, usaba agomba kumva amategeko yerekana ibitekerezo, imirongo, porogaramu ya Tone. Igishushanyo cyamasomo, cyakozwe numunyeshuri kizaza, kizerekana ubushobozi bwe bwo gushyira ishusho mu rupapuro, reba neza ibikoresho byose byibigizemo ibihimbano nibindi.
Ubu buhanga bwose ni ishingiro rikenewe kugirango tubone ubundi bumenyi mumwanya wibishushanyo mbonera.
Ibintu byo kwakira no kwitegura
Gutekereza kwinjira muri kaminuza yubatswe, Ntabwo ari ngombwa kumenya gusa ibintu byishuri bikenewe kugirango bigerweho, ariko kandi gufata amasomo yinyongera yo gushushanya no gushushanya. . Imyiteguro nk'ubwo izongera amahirwe yo kwiyandikisha mu kigo cyatoranijwe. Gutegura byari bitangaje gutangaza hakiri kare ibizamini n'ibizamini ugomba kujya muri kaminuza wahisemo wenyine.
Niba inyemezabwishyu ako kanya mu kigo cyisumbuye gisa nkaho kikugoye, imyitozo irashobora gutangizwa muri kaminuza, hanyuma imaze gutangirwa muri kaminuza, hanyuma ikaba nyuma yo kuzamura urwego rwisumbuye. Kugirango winjire muri kaminuza yubatswe cyangwa ishuri rya tekiniki nyuma yicyiciro cya 9, ugomba kugerageza kwishora mwishuri uko bishoboka, ndetse no gutambutsa imibare, Ikirusiya, Inyigisho. Byongeye kandi, birashoboka kandi guhatanira guhanga mugushushanya no gushushanya. Nyuma yicyiciro cya 9, imyitozo muri kaminuza yubatswe izaba imyaka 4. Niba wiyandikishije muri iri shuri nyuma yicyiciro cya 11 - ijambo ryo kwiga rizaba amezi 34-3.
Hafi y'urutonde rumwe rwibintu bigomba gushyikirizwa umwubatsi kugirango winjire muri kaminuza nyuma yibyiciro 11. Ibintu byibanze byo gutanga gukoresha bizaba imibare, ururimi rwikirusiya namateka (cyangwa amasomo mbonezamubano). Ariko ukurikije umwihariko, barashobora gutandukana gato hagati yabo:
- Ubwenge Ushushanyije - Kubanga bizakenerwa nururimi rwikirusiya, amateka nubuvanganzo;
- Umwubatsi - Usaba arenze ikizamini mumibare, ubumenyi bwa mudasobwa, ururimi rwikirusiya namateka.
Ibizamini byinyongera bizaba igishushanyo no gushushanya. Urutonde rwifashe muri buri kaminuza ni uwawe, kandi kugirango uhanyuze kugirango ubategure mbere.
Ikizamini cyo guhanga kirashobora gufata kaminuza yose mubushishozi, ariko, nkuko imyitozo ikaba, ntabwo ari ahantu hose, ahubwo gusa mubigo byibasiye byinshi byo kwishyiriraho hamwe numubare munini wabasabye.
