Buri musaruro wumusaruro ugizwe nikibazo cyikoranabuhanga rijyanye nikoranabuhanga rigabanijwemo byibanze, kimwe no gutanga no gutera imbere. Umwanya wingenzi muriyi mwobo ni injeniyeri wikoranabuhanga, niyo nhuza nyamukuru ishinzwe iterambere no gushyira mubikorwa ibicuruzwa bishya. Iyi nzobere igira uruhare runini muri sosiyete iyo ari yo yose. Kubwibyo, umuntu ufite ubumenyi nubuhanga bukenewe ntazigera asigara adafite akazi nurwego rukwiye rwo kwishyura.
Reka dusore byinshi kubisobanuro bya injeniyeri nyuma yabasabye uyu mwanya.
Amafaranga yihariye
Byahinduwe kuva muri latin "injeniyeri" bisobanura "kuvumbura" - ni ukuvuga umuntu ushinzwe gutangiza amahitamo yo kunoza imwe cyangwa ikindi gice cyubuzima. Muyandi magambo, uyu ni umuntu uhimbaza. Injeniyeri-tekinoroji - injeniyeri ushinzwe imitunganyirize inoze yuburyo bwikoranabuhanga n'umusaruro. Nkigice cyiyi kigero, icyerekezo 3 cyingenzi gitandukanijwe:
- ibikorwa bidahimbye kandi bya siyansi nibikorwa;
- Gukora imirimo;
- Kumenyekanisha iterambere rya siyansi n'ikoranabuhanga mu musaruro.
Intego nyamukuru, ishyirwa imbere yumukozi mumwanya wubuhanga no kubashushanya, bigabanywa kubishyira mubikorwa guhitamo uburyo bushyize mu gaciro.
Kimwe nundi mwuga wose, umurimo wubuhanga ufite ibyiza byacyo nibibi. Rero, ubuhanga bwubwubatsi bufite ibintu byiza cyane biranga:
- icyifuzo cy'umwuga;
- amahirwe yo guhitamo ibyifuzo mumasoko yumurimo;
- Urwego rurerure imbere yibura ubushobozi bukwiye;
- amahirwe yo gukura kw'umwuga;
- Amarushanwa adakomeye.
Muri icyo gihe, kandi impande zabo mbi zirahari:
- Kongera inshingano;
- ibyago byinshi byo gukomeretsa mu nshingano z'umwuga;
- Guhura nibintu byangiza ibintu.
Imiterere yumuhanga mukoranabuhanga ifata ubumenyi bwibanze mubice byose no mumabwiriza yimikorere, hamwe ninama zijyanye.
Uyu muntu agomba kwishora mu kwiteza imbere, bigomba gutandukanywa n'ibikorwa, umwanya ugaragara kandi icyifuzo cyo gukomeza kunoza ubumenyi, ubumenyi nubushobozi.
Inshingano
Dukurikije abarimu basobanuye muri ECTC, Amabwiriza yemewe yumukozi mumwanya wa injeniyeri-tekinoroji akubiyemo imirimo ikurikira.
- Gushushanya no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zigamije Gukura guhangana n'ibicuruzwa byakozwe , kugabanya amafaranga y'ibikoresho n'ibiciro by'umurimo mubyiciro byose byumusaruro.
- Kurema no gushyira mubikorwa inzira nziza yikoranabuhanga cyane , ibikoresho bigezweho, uburyo nibisubizo ukurikije automation na mashini.
- Guhindura Imikorere yakazi yimisaruro.
- Gukomeza inzira zose mu musaruro.
- Kubara imikorere yubukungu Umusaruro.
- Gukoresha Igenamigambi Ibikoresho bisabwa, lisansi, kimwe nibikoresho.
- Gushushanya ibikoresho byo gucumbika ibikoresho mu mahugurwa yinganda, Gutanga akazi, gukurikirana ibikoresho byo gufatanya no gutegura ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bisangwa.
- Kugena Urukurikirane rwo kubungabunga , Iterambere ryinzira zifatika zisohoka.
- Gushiraho Igishushanyo mbonera Kuri Snap, Ibikoresho, kimwe nigikoresho.
- Gushyira mu bikorwa ibipimo Kubaka inzego zakoreshejwe Technologies, amakarita ya roho, kimwe nizindi nyandiko, inzira imwe cyangwa ikindi kijyanye no kurekura ibicuruzwa.
- Kugira ibyo uhindura Mu nyandiko tekinike yumusaruro nibiba ngombwa.
- Kwitabira ubushakashatsi kandi bwiboneye Ibinezeza.
- Guhuza inyandiko hamwe n'amacakubiri yegeranye na sosiyete.
- Imyitozo Ubushakashatsi Kuburangaza ikoranabuhanga rihamye.
- Gukora imirimo ya Kwiyandikisha kubisabwa kuri patenti na prototypes.
- Gutezimbere sisitemu yibyabaye igamije Kunoza umusaruro, Intangiriro yubunararibonye bwimbere mu gihugu no mu mahanga mu musaruro.
- Gushinga akazi kagamije iterambere rifatika kandi rinoze ryubushobozi bwumusaruro no kunoza ikoranabuhanga ryakoreshejwe.
- Uruhare rugaragara B. Gukusanya gahunda yo kuyobora Ibikoresho byo kubyaza umusaruro.
- Kwiga Impamvu nyamukuru zitera kugaragara mubukwe nubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa byakozwe. Gutezimbere ingamba zo gukuraho no gukumira.
- Kugenzura Ubushobozi bwo kuzuza ibisabwa byumusaruro na disipulini yumurimo hamwe nuburenganzira bwo gukoresha ibikoresho.
- Gusuzuma ibyifuzo byatangijwe Kugirango utezimbere tekinoroji isanzwe yumusaruro, ikora isuzuma ryimpuguke kubishoboka cyangwa bidakwiye byo kubishyira mubikorwa.
Ubumenyi nubuhanga
Ubushakashatsi bubishoboye bubi bugomba kumenyekana neza:
- Ibiranga ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byikigo cyo gukora;
- Ibigize ibikoresho nyabyo byakoreshejwe nibicuruzwa byarangiye, ibiranga imiterere yibicuruzwa;
- Uburyo nyamukuru n'amahitamo yo gutegura inzira zisanzwe za tekiniki n'ikoranabuhanga;
- Amategeko, ibyemezo, amabwiriza, hamwe nizindi nyandiko zimwe na zimwe nuburyo bujyanye na gahunda;
- kubaka no kubamo ibikoresho, ibisabwa kubungabunga, uburyo bwibanze bwimirimo yabo hamwe nuburyo bugumirwa;
- umurimo usanzwe tekiniki n'ikoranabuhanga;
- Ibipimo fatizo ku bwiza bwibikoresho byakoreshejwe nibicuruzwa byakozwe;
- yashinze inyoni, ibipimo n'imiterere;
- Ibipimo byubukungu byikoranabuhanga;
- Ibipimo byemewe byubukwe, uburyo bwo kuburira no gukuraho uburyo;
- Amahame y'umuryango ushinzwe umurimo mu musaruro;
- Uburyo bwibanze bwitumanaho ryakazi nibiranga ikoreshwa ryayo mu Musaruro;
- Ibisabwa byemewe kugirango igishushanyo mbonera cyikoranabuhanga no gutanga raporo;
- Amaposita nyamukuru yubukungu na ergonomics;
- Ubumenyi bwa TK RF;
- Ibisanzwe by'igituba n'isuku y'inganda, kimwe n'amategeko yo kurengera umuriro n'amategeko mu kurengera umurimo;
- Amategeko agenga itumanaho ry'ubucuruzi n'abayoborwa, abo mukorana n'abafatanyabikorwa;
- Ubumenyi bwa porogaramu za mudasobwa.
Ihangane-Techlogiste ni umukozi ubishoboye cyane, bigomba kuba byiza kumva ingaruka zumusaruro.
Niyihangane nibasha kubwiza bwibicuruzwa, gukomeza inzira yikoranabuhanga n'umuvuduko wabo.
Niyo mpamvu, usibye ubumenyi bwimbitse, Uyu mukozi agomba kuba afite ubuhanga bwiza bwo kuyobora. Kubera ko biturutse kumuryango wakazi keza k'umurimo wose rusange hamwe hamwe neza cyane biterwa nuko umusaruro wose wabyakozwe muri rusange.
Umwanya wa Engineter-Technologiste ntabwo urimo gusa urutonde rwagaciro nubuhanga bwihariye bwumwuga, ariko kandi urutonde runaka rwimico yihariye. Mugutanga uyu mukozi Hariho byibuze abakozi icumi, bityo ubushobozi bwe bwo kubaka itumanaho kandi bubangamira umutungo wumurimo muburyo bwinshi buterwa no gukora neza.
Imico yingenzi yumukandida kumwanya wa injeniyeri ikoranabuhanga asuzumwa:
- ubushobozi bwo gutunganya;
- urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwicyaha;
- kwitondera amakuru arambuye;
- Igihuru iyo dukorana na gahunda n'ibishushanyo;
- Byaba byiza;
- kwitegura;
- kwihangana, kwihangana no kwitanga;
- Gusesengura no gutekereza ku buryo budasobanutse;
- Umuvuduko mwinshi;
- Icyifuzo cyo kunoza uburyo budahwema ubumenyi nubumenyi bwabo;
- ubushobozi bwo gufata mu mutwe amakuru manini;
- kuringaniza no kwirinda;
- Ubuturere;
- gukora cyane;
- Kwubahiriza igihe.
Muri rusange, uru rutonde rushobora gutandukana, ahanini biterwa ninganda zisosiyete aho tekinoroji izakora. Nk'ubutegetsi, buri muyobozi yerekana ibisabwa ku mico yihariye y'umukozi.
Uburezi
Muri rusange, tekinoroji yihishe umubare wibisobanuro byinshi, biterwa nubushake bwumusaruro nicyerekezo cya tekiniki yisosiyete. Nubwo amoko ariho y'uyu mwuga, uko byagenda kose, kugirango afate umwanya wa tekinoroji ya tekinoroji, amashuri menshi ya tekiniki cyangwa yisumbuye kumwirondoro wa tekiniki agomba kuboneka. Uburezi budasanzwe bukunze kuboneka kurangiza amanota ya 9 ku ishuri, twiga mu ishuri / tekinike y'imyaka 3-4. Kugirango tube ba nyiri "umunara", amashuri 11 yishuri agomba kurangira, hanyuma hagira imyaka 4 yiga kubanyeshuri barangije no kubandi myaka 2 mubucamanza.
Amanota yatanzwe ahantu runaka arashobora gutandukana bitewe n'akarere ko gushaka ikigo cy'uburezi, ndetse no ku rwego rwarwo. Amahugurwa arashobora kuba ubuntu cyangwa gukorwa ku bucuruzi, ikiguzi cyo mu Burusiya ni amafaranga ibihumbi n'ibihumbi. mu mwaka. Kugirango ukwemere ukeneye gutsinda ibintu nkibi Imibare, fiziki hamwe numurongo.
Ibyifuzo byatanzwe kubanyeshuri barangije gahunda yo kwiga umunsi, amashuri adahari yemerewe gusa niba hari uburambe bukomeye mumwihariko watoranijwe.
Mu gihugu cyacu hari kaminuza zigera kuri 110 hamwe na kaminuza zirenga 200 zemerera abarangije ikigo cy'uburezi gusaba umwanya wa injeniyeri.
Impuzandengo
Urwego rwumushahara wa injeniyeri-tekinoroji ahanini biterwa numushinga runaka, aho ikora, ndetse n'akarere. Niba dufashe ibipimo rusange hashingiwe ku mutego woherejwe no kungurana ibitekerezo, ugereranije, na federasiyo y'Uburusiya, ubwishyu bwa injeniyeri-tebilojiya ni:
- Umushahara ntarengwa - amafaranga ibihumbi 25;
- Impuzandengo yo kwishyura imirimo - amafaranga ibihumbi 50;
- Urwego rukomeye rwo kwishyura rugera kuri 450-550.
Iki kimenyetso ni impuzandengo, irashobora gutandukana bitewe na kamere yumwanya.
Rero, impuzandengo yimishahara yimyanya:
- Tekinoroji nyamukuru - Amafaranga agera ku bihumbi 66-70;
- Kuyobora injeniyeri tekinoroji Cyangwa umuyobozi w'ishami rya tekiniki n'ikoranabuhanga yakira amafaranga ibihumbi 55-60;
- Injeniyeri Yinjiza amafaranga ibihumbi 40.
Niba tuganiriye ku mushahara mpuzandengo n'uturere tw'uburusiya, ishusho n'umushahara mpuzandengo uzasa n'iki:
- Moscou - amafaranga ibihumbi 75;
- Vladivostok - amafaranga 60 ibihumbi 60;
- Ekaterinburg - Amafaranga ibihumbi 48-50;
- Rostov-On-Don - Amafaranga 40 ya Rable;
- Kazan - amafaranga ibihumbi 40.
Aho gukora?
Urutonde rwibintu byabasaruro bisaba ko hateganijwe imbere ya injeniyeri wa Leta-tekinoroji. Ukurikije umwihariko watoranijwe ku cyiciro cyo kwitegura, umukozi ufite ubushobozi bukenewe n'ubuhanga birashobora kugira uruhare munganda zikurikira.
- Ibiryo .
- Umucyo - Ubwoya, kudoda, hamwe numusaruro wimyenda.
- Imiti - Amahugurwa yo gukora ibiyobyabwenge, kwisiga, hamwe nibikoresho byo kubaka, beto, nibindi.
- Ubwubatsi nubushakashatsi - Amaduka ya electroplating, imirima ya lokomotive, CNC, gukora ibikoresho byo gusudira, ingufu zisumba, peteroli na gaze na perrochemvuri, kimwe n'ibimera n'ingangabimera n'inganda mu gihe cyo kubungabunga ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga.
- Metallurging no Gukora ibyuma - Umusaruro w'ibyuma na alloys, kuvura ubushyuhe bwa ore, inganda za coke, gucukura no gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro.
- Gutunganya amavuta - Umusaruro wo gukuramo no gutunganya amavuta, gukora lisansi n'ibikoresho, gushushanya ibisubizo, gukora ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa bya peteroli, imishinga yo gutanga peteroli na gaze.
- Ikoranabuhanga.
- Inganda zo gucapa.
Umwuga
Umuntu ufite ubumenyi bwihariye bwa tekiniki busanzwe ashyirwaho kumwanya wa injeniyeri-tekinoroji atagaragaza uburambe bwihariye, cyangwa umuntu ufite uburezi bwihariye, uburambe bwakazi mubuhanga bwikoranabuhanga-tekinoroji nibura imyaka 3. Rero, umuntu udafite uburambe ashobora kwemererwa gukura umwuga wa gahunda ikurikira.
- Inzobere Iii Icyiciro - Umukozi ufite amashuri makuru yo murwego rwohejuru, kimwe nubunararibonye buto bungutse mugihe cyamahugurwa, cyangwa afite uburambe mumwanya wubuhanga nta mpamyabumenyi.
- Inzobere II Icyiciro - Umukozi ufite amashuri makuru, kandi yongeyeho, uburambe mumwanya wa injeniyeri-tekinoroji ya III cyangwa imyanya ya tekiniki yimyambarire yigihe cyibura imyaka 3.
- Inzobere I Icyiciro - Injeniyeri ufite uburezi bukuru, kimwe nubunararibonye bwa Engineter-telefone yubukorikori II yitonze byibura imyaka 3.
