Kimwe mubintu byingenzi kandi bishinzwe mubuzima bwa buri muntu ni uguhitamo umwuga. Muri icyo gihe, mugikorwa cyo kugena inzira yumwuga, ni ngombwa kuzirikana ibintu bitandukanye: inyungu zawe bwite nubushobozi, ubushobozi nubuhanga, gusaba umwuga, urwego rushoboka rwo guhemba ibintu umurimo nibindi byinshi.
Niba ushushanyijeho tekiniki yerekana tekinike (urugero, imibare, fiziki, gushushanya), ugomba kwitondera umwanya wa injeniyeri-uwashushanyije. Uyu munsi mu ngingo yacu tuzasuzuma ibiranga uyu mwuga muburyo burambuye.
NINDE?
Injeniyeri - Uyu ni umunyamwuga utezimbere inyubako ninzego, ibara umutwaro uzagira ibintu byose byingenzi byikintu: Urufatiro, Frame, Imitsi, inkingi zangiza ibikoresho.
Iyi nzobere irashobora kugira uruhare mu nzego zitandukanye z'ubuzima bwa muntu: Ikora hamwe ninganda, inganda, ububiko, ubucuruzi nizindi nzego. Muri iki kibazo, ibintu birashobora gukorwa mubikoresho bitandukanye: icyuma, beto, icyuma, ibiti, amabuye. Injeniyeri idasanzwe iragoye cyane kandi ifite inshingano. Ku bitugu byumwuga habaye akazi ko kurema no kuzura ibishushanyo, ndetse no gutanga imishinga ijyanye numushinga.
Ibisobanuro n'ibiranga akazi Injeniyeri ushushanya, ibikenewe kubintu runaka, byanditswe muburyo burambuye muri trading. Iyi nyandiko, mubindi, ikubiyemo ibintu bya tekiniki byubaka. Inzobere igomba gukora isuzuma ryujuje ibyangombwa byakazi, kugirango hamenyekane igihe ntarengwa cyo kubishyira mu bikorwa.
Mugihe cyibikorwa bye byumwuga, uwanditse injeniyeri Gikora imirimo itari mike, Harimo kugisha inama umukiriya, gukora igishushanyo mbonera, ishyirwa mubikorwa ryo kugenzura imikorere nibindi byinshi. Niba tuvuze imiterere yumurimo winzobere, noneho akenshi akora nkumukozi wahawe akazi kandi akaba akorera muri Enterprises amasaha 8 iminsi 5 mucyumweru.
Ibyiza numwuga
Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, injeniyeri ushushanya ni umwanya ufite inshingano bisaba umuntu ufite imyitozo yagutse kandi ifatika. Kubwibyo, urakeneye 100% mbere kugirango umenye neza ko ushaka gukemura ibikorwa nkibi byumwuga. Kugirango ufate igisubizo nuburemere, ugomba gusesengura witonze no gusuzuma ibyiza nibibi by'ubwitonzi.
Gutangira, vuga ibyiza.
- Gushiraho . Abashakashatsi ba provigner ni abanyamwuga babishoboye bahora bahora mu isoko ryumurimo. No muri iki gihe urashobora kubona umubare munini wimyanya ifunguye muri altilety. Rero, umaze kubona impamyabumenyi ikwiye, urashobora kwizera neza ko utazaguma udafite aho ukorera. Ibinyuranye, abakoresha bahatanira inzobere babishoboye, bityo uzahitamo.
- Ibisubizo byakazi. Bitandukanye nizindi myuga, igishushanyo cya injeniyeri-uwashushanyije gifite ibisubizo bitanu. Ni ukuvuga, urashobora kubona ibisubizo byimirimo yawe mubyukuri. Ibi biranga ntibisanzwe kandi bifite agaciro kabantu benshi mubintu bya psychologiya.
- Guhanga no guhanga . Mugihe cyimirimo yabo yumwuga, injeniyeri ushushanya itabonetse gusa ninshingano zisanzwe, ariko nanone akenshi zirashobora gukoresha ubushobozi bwayo kandi zihanga. Rero, akazi kawe gashobora kuba cyane.
- Urwego rwo hejuru rwumushahara. Niba ugereranije umushahara wa injeniyeri-uwashushanyije ufite umushahara mpuzandengo mu gihugu, noneho dushobora kwemeza ko ari murwego rwo hagati ugereranije. Ndashimira ibihembo bikwiye kumurimo, umuntu arashobora gukomeza urwego rwo hejuru rwubuzima bwe, ndetse no gutanga ababo.
Ariko, usibye ibyiza, kwitabwaho bigomba kwishyurwa mubidukikije.
- Inshingano . Igishushanyo cya injeniyeri ushushanya kijyanye ninshingano nyinshi. Igikorwa c'inzobere kigira ingaruka ku mibereho n'ubuzima bwabantu, bityo bigomba kuba byitondera kandi bikomeye.
- Guhangayika cyane. Kubijyanye no kuba hari urwego rwo hejuru rwasobanuwe haruguru, inzobere ihoraho yo mumarangamutima no guhangayika, bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kubuzima bwumugore no mumitekerereze.
- Inzira ndende kandi igoye. Kugirango ubashe kwakira umwanya wa injeniyeri-uwashushanyije, birakenewe kugira uburere bukwiye. Muri icyo gihe, inzira yo kwiga ubwayo iragoye cyane, kuko umusore azagomba kumenya umubare munini wibintu bitoroshye bya tekiniki. Byongeye kandi, kwiyongera kwitondera inyemezabwishyu yubuhanga bufatika. Kubwibyo, usaba agomba kuba yiteguye imitwaro minini.
Nkuko washoboye kubibona, ibyiza byumwuga biruta ibibi byayo. Ariko, kubantu bamwe, hariho amafaranga yingenzi yo kurya yanze rwose muriyi nzira yumwuga. Ibyo ari byo byose, ariko guhitamo bikomeje kuba ibyawe.
Inshingano
Umuyobozi wabo wa buri munsi wakazi akora cyane akurikije ibyangombwa byemewe, aribyo ofisiye, ibyangombwa bisanzwe kandi byimbere muri sosiyete. Hamwe nizi nyandiko zose, ugomba gusoma byinshi bishoboka mbere yo kwakira ubutumire kumugaragaro. Wibuke ko kubwo kudasohozwa cyangwa gukora nabi inshingano zawe zumwuga, ushobora kuba ufite inshingano (kwirukanwa ku biro no gukurikirana ibihano ubushinjacyaha).
Muri rusange, imirimo isanzwe ikora ya injeniyeri yateguye ni:
- Ikusanyirizo ryabakiriya, gutunganya ibipimo bikenewe (terrain, ibiranga tekiniki na shyne, igishushanyo mbonera cyifuzwa nibindi byinshi);
- Gushiraho igitekerezo no gushyira mu bikorwa ibibara byambere;
- guhuza ibitekerezo byabo numukiriya;
- Gutezimbere ibishushanyo n'ibishushanyo;
- Kugisha inama n'abashushanya, abacuruzi n'abandi bahanga;
- Gushiraho ibintu bya mudasobwa bishushanyije;
- gukora ibizamini bibanza (urugero, imiterere igerageza imbaraga na ergonomics);
- Kumenyekanisha no kurandura amakosa yinze inenge;
- Kwerekana umushinga wanyuma wubuyobozi nabakiriya;
- Gukora ibikorwa byayo bikurikije umurimo wa tekinike wateganijwe;
- Gutezimbere, kwitegura no kuzuza ibyangombwa byinjijwe;
- Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'imikorere yo kugenzura no kugenzura kubakozi bo munsi y'ubutaka.
Muri icyo gihe, birakwiye ko tuvuga ko urutonde rwukuri rwinshingano z'akazi zizagenwa n'umukoresha hakurikijwe isohozwa ry'umwuga ifite.
Kurugero, umukozi ufite icyiciro cyambere arashobora gukora imirimo yoroshye gusa, birabujijwe gutanga ibyemezo byigenga. ariko Hamwe no kwiyongera mu gusohora byongera akarere k'inshingano. Kurugero rero, inzobere mu cyiciro cya 1 irashobora kwigarurira imyanya mikuru.
Bigomba kwitondera mubitekerezo byatanzwe Urutonde rwinshingano zubuhanga ntirufunga. Nubwo bigengwa ninyandiko zasobanuwe haruguru, buri mukoresha ashobora guhinduka no kuzuza uru rutonde bitewe nibisabwa byihariye, byihariye byimihango yihariye nibindi bintu bimwe. Rero, ugomba guhora witeguye kumenyera no guhuza nibihe.
Ibisabwa
Kugirango umuntu ahangane byuzuye, abishoboye kandi akora neza imirimo yumwuga, Igomba kubahiriza ibisabwa byinshi. Byongeye kandi, usibye ibisabwa nakazi, bigenga prosessedard, hari ibisabwa kandi bifite akamaro kamere. Gusa niba imico yose ikenewe ihujwe mumiterere yawe, urashobora guhinduka inzobere twatsinze, ijyanye nisoko ryumurimo no mubisabwa mubakoresha.Umwuga
Mubushobozi bwumwuga buteganijwe bwa injeniyeri injeniyeri birashobora gutangwa:
- Gukoresha mudasobwa kugiti cyawe kurwego rwumukoresha wiboneye;
- Gutunga Porogaramu Zihariye Zisanzwe - Madamu Ijambo, Exel, AutoCAD, Arikibi Cad, Squad, ing +, Lira, Reve
- Ubumenyi bwindimi zamahanga (Icyongereza byibuze, ururimi rwinyongera rwamahanga ruzaba akarusho);
- Ubumenyi bwUbutegetsi n'ibyangombwa byemewe n'amategeko, amategeko n'ibikorwa bya subtitle bigenga ibikorwa by'ubwishingizi;
- Gusobanukirwa inzira ziheruka;
- Kumenya neza amategeko n'umutekano.
Umuntu ku giti cye
Usibye imico yabigize umwuga, abakoresha benshi bitondera kubintu byihariye biranga imiterere yuwasabye umwanya wa injeniyeri-uwashushanyije, kuko inzobere igomba guhuza neza nitsinda ririho kandi ihinduka igice cyingenzi. Mubintu byingenzi byingenzi mubisanzwe bitanga:
- inshingano;
- ibitekerezo byo gusesengura;
- ubushobozi bwo gufata ibyemezo byigenga;
- Guhangayikishwa no kurwanya amarangamutima;
- ubuhanga bwo kuyobora;
- Ubuhanga bwo gukorera hamwe;
- Ubuturere;
- Utitaye ku makuru mato;
- Byaba byiza;
- guhanga no guhanga;
- Icyifuzo cyo guhinduka no kwiteza imbere;
- Wibande ku kugera ku ntego;
- ibikorwa no gukora;
- Ubushobozi bwo gutongana.
Kurutonde hejuru yubuhanga, ubuhanga nubwiza birashobora kwitwa bisanzwe. Umuntu ushaka kwinyura mu nzego yumwuga kandi yitere imbere mumwanya watoranijwe wumwuga, agomba kumenya no gushobora byinshi cyane. Kuba hari ubushobozi bwinyongera bizakugirira akamaro inyuma yabandi basaba kandi baziyongera mumaso yumukoresha.
Uburezi
Kugirango ufate umwanya wa injeniyeri-uwashushanyije, ugomba kwiga imyuga. Mugihe kimwe, kugirango utangire, urashobora kurangiza ishuri rya tekiniki cyangwa kaminuza (nyuma yicyiciro cya 9) hanyuma ukajya muri kaminuza (niba ubishaka, urashobora guhita winjira muri kaminuza ako kanya nyuma yicyiciro). Inzira imwe cyangwa ikindi, birakwiye kwibuka ko abakoresha basanzwe bakunda inzobere hamwe n'amashuri makuru.
Mugihe uhisemo ikigo cyihariye cyo kwigisha, Wibande kuri ibyo bigo biherereye mumijyi minini y'Uburusiya cyangwa mumurwa mukuru wigihugu cyacu. Amashyirahamwe nkiyi yishimira ubutware n'icyubahiro mu muryango wabigize umwuga. Mbere yo kwinjira muri kaminuza, ugomba gusura komisiyo ishinzwe kwinjira kandi wige gufata ibintu mubizamini kugirango winjire.
Kuri inzira yo kwiga, wegera neza kandi ushinzwe. Gerageza kwakira amanota menshi gusa, nkabakoresha benshi, usibye diplome ubwe, basaba abakandida kumwanya hamwe na diploma. Usibye imyitozo ya Theoretical, witondere kubona ubumenyi bukenewe.
Ukurikije gahunda yawe yo kwiga, kimwe no kurwego rwamahugurwa, Inzira yo kubona uburezi irashobora kumara kuva kumyaka 3 kugeza kuri 6 (ndetse n'ibindi). Mugihe kimwe, niba ushaka kwimuka unyuze mu nshingano z'umwuga, ntugomba kureka kubona uburezi bwibanze. Guhora ukora impamyabumenyi yayo kandi uharanire gutanga icyiciro kinini.
Amafaranga yinjiza angahe?
Ibipimo byerekana umushahara mpuzabenzi uri kurwego rwimibare 50.000. Ariko, abahanga bafite uburambe nimpapuro barashobora kwakira inshuro 3. Nk'itegeko, ariko ku kuntu inzobere yakira, ibintu bikurikira bigira ingaruka:- urwego rw'uburezi;
- uburambe ku kazi;
- akarere ko gutura;
- Umwanya w'ibikorwa;
- Umurenge (abikorera cyangwa leta).
Aho gukora?
Injeniyeri ushushanya arashobora gukora mubice bitandukanye byibikorwa byabantu:
- Ubwubatsi;
- Kubaka indege;
- Indege yashyizwe ku ruhame no kubaka moteri y'indege;
- Ibikoresho byo gukora ibikoresho;
- Imiryango itanga umusaruro mumodoka;
- ishami rya robotike;
- urugero rw'ibyuma;
- Imiryango yo gushushanya;
- Hatelier n'amahugurwa;
- Urwego rwo gucumura.
Rero, gushiraho uburyo buhuye na injeniyeri yuwashizeho bifungura imiryango mubice bitandukanye. Mbere ya byose, wibande ku nyungu zawe na planlinations.
Ibyiringiro hamwe nurwego rwumwuga
Nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, umusore azashobora kuba injeniyeri wungirije-uwashushanyije cyangwa Inzobere. Igihe kirenze kandi nyuma yo kubona uburambe bukenewe, arashobora gusaba umwanya wo hejuru - kurugero, umutware cyangwa inzobere . Byongeye kandi, injeniyeri-uwashushanyije afite amahirwe Fungura Biro yawe yo gushushanya no kuba umucuruzi.
