Abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo gutekereza byumwihariko kandi rusange. Hifashishijwe ibitekerezo byukuri, ubumenyi bukoreshwa, tubikesha umuntu yumva ibibera hirya no hino. Gutekereza kumvikana-byumvikana kwagura amahirwe yo kumva isi ikikije.
Ibisobanuro
Hamwe nigikorwa rusange cyo mumutwe, umuntu arimo logique, atangira gutongana, gufata no gufata imyanzuro. Rero, ibitekerezo byumvikana birakorwa. Ubu bwoko bwo gutekereza ni Icyiciro cya nyuma mugikorwa cyo guteza imbere imico. Ishingiye ku myumvire ishyize mu gaciro, ishingiye ku myumvire isobanutse, aho ibitekerezo byambuwe vuba mu myumvire n'ibitekerezo.
Muri psychologiya, ubu bwoko bwibikorwa byubwenge birasuzumwa Kugaragaza iminyururu rusange bigaragaye hagati y'ibintu n'ibintu ku isi. Muyandi magambo, Ubu ni inzira yo kumenya aho amakuru atazwi yuzuye ibintu bizwi.
Ibikorwa bidafatika-ibitekerezo birahuza numubare, formulaire, ibimenyetso nibitekerezo bidafatika bitafashwe nubwenge bwabantu. Ubu bwoko bwibitekerezo butuma bishoboka kumenyekanisha kugiti cye ishusho yukuri, idacomeka mubice bito no kubohereza muri bo.
Gushiraho ibitekerezo bidafatika bifitanye isano rya bugufi na sisitemu yindimi. Ibisobanuro bya phenomena, ibintu, abstration byerekanwe namagambo yihariye.
Imvugo igira uruhare mu kwinjiza ibitekerezo, ihagarariye ibitekerezo no guhuriza hamwe ubumenyi bwo gukina.
Imiterere n'ibimenyetso
Hariho isano itaziguye hagati yibitekerezo bidafatika kandi byumvikana. Ndashimira umubano nkuyu, birashoboka gushakisha ibisubizo bidasanzwe byimirimo itandukanye no guhuza no guhindura imibereho. Gusesengura, kubisangiza, gutangaza ibitekerezo, byukuri, byambere, byambere kandi bifatika, bitagira akagero bimurikira.
Uburyo bwubu bwoko bwo gutekereza nigitekerezo, urubanza no kurangiza.
- Igitekerezo kigaragaza ingingo, ibintu cyangwa inzira hakoreshejwe ibimenyetso byingenzi kandi bifite ishingiro . Rimwe na rimwe, igitekerezo cyibintu gituma habaho ikimenyetso kimwe. Imitungo nyamukuru yo hanze irimo umubano wikintu hamwe nibindi bintu. Imitungo yimbere ni mubintu ubwabyo. Ingero zuburyo bwambere kandi bwiganjemo kwerekana ubwenge bwubwenge ni amagambo ninteruro bitandukanye: Imbeba, gingerbread, ushinzwe umutekano, ushinzwe umutekano. Mubitekerezo byumuntu ako kanya byaza hejuru ibimenyetso rusange byibi bitekerezo.
- Urubanza rw'isomo runaka rwemeza cyangwa uhakana ko hari uko ibintu bimeze, ingingo, fenomena. Hishura ibikubiye mu shingiro ni amagambo yoroshye kandi atoroshye yitwa guca imanza. Urugero rw'ubwoko bworoshye bw'urubanza: Uruhinja rukurura giraffe. Amagambo akomeye arimo ibihe 2 cyangwa byinshi: bisi yarahagaze, abagenzi barayisize.
- Gusubiramo bisobanura kubona urubanza rushya ukoresheje parcelle isanzwe cyangwa myinshi . Umwanzuro uva mu manza zaho: imbuto zifite imitungo yo gutanga imimero, bityo, ingemwe zizagaragara mu mpeshyi. Ubu buryo bwibikorwa byatekereje ni ishingiro ryibitekerezo byumvikana. Harimo amateka, kwikuramo no gusoza.
Urubanza rwambere nicyo gisabwa, ibitekerezo byumvikana - hamwe numusonga bikava mumyanzuro.
Utekereza ibikorwa byumvikana byerekana ibintu bikurikira:
- ubushobozi bwo kwitabaza ibipimo n'ibitekerezo bitabaho mu by'ukuri;
- Gusuzuma ibyabaye no kugereranya kwabo;
- gahunda yo kwize amakuru;
- rusange ko ibintu bibaho nibintu;
- Kurandura ibintu bya buri muntu;
- guhuza amakuru atandukana mu ishusho rusange;
- Isesengura ry'amakuru;
- Kumenya imiterere yubuturo butahuye neza nayo;
- Kubaka iminyururu.
Aho bireba?
Abana babifashijwemo no gutekereza ku buryo badashobora gushushanya, gushushanya, barasunikwa, bumva ibisobanuro by'amayobera, barashobora gukemura ibibazo, bashira ibitekerezo byabo mugihe basobanura ibintu. Mumyaka yishuri, ubu bwoko bwibikorwa byo mumutwe bifasha kumenya imibare, aho ubuhanga busabwa gukora mumakuru atandukanye, basangire nitsinda, shakisha interconction.
Ibitekerezo bidafatika bikoreshwa muri logique, fiziki, inyenyeri hamwe nubumenyi bwuzuye aho ukeneye kugirango ubashe gupima, kubara, kubara, kubara, guhuza ibintu mumatsinda amwe. Birakenewe ko abahanga mu bya psychologiste, abafilozofe, abanditsi, injeniyeri. Atamufite, ubuyobozi butagereranywa.
Mubuzima bwa buri munsi, abantu nabo bahora bakoresha ibitekerezo byumvikana. Ingero zo gutekereza kudafatika zigaragaza inzira yo mumutwe ya buri munsi yumuntu. Igenamigambi akenshi mubitekerezo hamwe ninzozi n'ibitekerezo. Urubyiruko rushakisha aho ukorera rushobora kwibwira cyane, rwahuye nukuri, ntugahagarare ibisabwa. Abakobwa rero bategereje igikomangoma ku ifarashi yera ishimangira mu mutwe ejo hazaza hatoranijwe. Ibi byanze bikunze biganisha ku gutenguha mugihe kizaza.
Uburyo bw'iterambere
Mu bana, ibitekerezo bidasubirwaho bitangira gukura kuva kumyaka 4-5. Ni ishingiro ryibikorwa byo kwiga. Muri kiriya gihe, ubushobozi bwo gushiraho amahuza hagati yibintu. Abanyeshuri biga ni benshi cyane kugirango bamenye ubuhanga bwumvikana.
Umwana agomba gufashwa mugushingira ubuhanga bwo gukuramo. Urashobora kubateza imbere mubana bataraza amakuru bafite imyitozo idasanzwe. Ababyeyi bahujwe nuburyo butunganijwe murugo butunganijwe mumikino itandukanye.
- Hitamo ibisobanuro cyangwa antonym mugihe cyo gukubita umupira. Umubyeyi atera umupira n'ijambo "gukubita", umwana arashaka kimwe ati: "Kata." Urashobora gukoresha amagambo akundana: Gito, Giny, Burgundy - Cherry, umwijima - umwijima. Noneho guhitamo antonyms: Ibyishimo - Umusozi, Kid - Igihangange, Umucyo - umwijima.
- Igikorwa gikurikira bisobanura kurangiza icyifuzo . Umwana atera umupira hamwe nintangiriro yinteruro: "Curlee Cark". Garuka ingingo hamwe n'iherezo: "Gukata inkoko".
- Gukusanya uruhererekane rwo kwishyira hamwe zitezimbere ibitekerezo byabana . Ku ijambo risabwa, abana babazwa amashyirahamwe ayo ari yo yose. Urunigi rushobora kumera gutya: Igiti cya Noheri - Icyatsi - Umwaka Mushya - Ingona - Amatwi - Parrot - Ishyamba.
- Tanga iminyururu 10 yamagambo igizwe nijambo 4, muri bo ukeneye kubona ijambo rirenze . Kurugero, ubwoko 3 bwimbuto n'imboga biratangwa: Strawberry, cranberries, imyumbati, ubururu.
- Tegura ikinamico yigitutu. Umwana arimo gutekereza abona igicucu cyakozwe ningendo zamaboko cyangwa gukata amakarito. Agomba gutanga ishusho runaka arawukubita.
Umukino ukora gusobanukirwa no gukoresha inyuguti.
Kurenga ku gace k'ibitekerezo bidasobanutse-byumvikana birashobora kubaho kubera kwikuramo no gutandukanya imvugo y'imbere. Yatojwe kandi ategekwa mu gihugu. Mugihe ukemura imirimo itoroshye Birakenewe kugera kumagambo yo mumutwe..
Imikorere yimirimo yo kumenya imiterere no guhuza ibice byimvugo bishingiye ku shingiro rusange, imikino iri mu bushobozi bwo kungurana ibitekerezo, kunoza ubushobozi bwo kungurana ibitekerezo, kunoza no gufasha kubungabunga imitekerereze ikomeye.
Hariho imyitozo kubantu bakuru.
- Birakenewe guhitamo kwemeza hanyuma ugafata nabi. Impaka zerekana imyanya itandukanye igomba kwandikwa ninkingi. Kuruhande rwabo muri iri runganyirize ni ngombwa kwandika impaka kuri yo. Rero, ukuri kw'interuro yambere byagaragaye. Kurugero, imvugo yambere: "Impeshyi - Igihe cyiza." Hanyuma ibyangombwa bikurikira: "Gusuka imvura yo gukurura." Kandi hafi: "Amababi atukura n'umuhondo ashushanyijeho ibiti." Indi makimbirane yabonetse, ibyiza.
- Nibyiza kunoza imyitozo ngororamubiri ijyanye no gusobanura amagambo ahinnye yahimbwe mugende. Nibyiza kubigira mu nyuguti 3 cyangwa 4, hanyuma ugerageze kubisobanura. Isekeje hamwe nuburyo bwumwimerere, nibyiza. Kurugero, ikirego ni ishyirahamwe ryabakozi ba Chumadic, Scsd - Ubumwe bwimirongo ya dev.
- Nibyiza gufata ibintu bidafatika bya syneym hanyuma ugerageze gusobanura ibisobanuro byabo mururimi rushobora kuboneka. Urashobora kuzana ikimenyetso cyihariye, kigaragarira mumagambo cyangwa igishushanyo. Ubwa mbere, bakora mubyiciro byoroshye, noneho bajya kubitekerezo bigoye: "Kwiziba", "kwishimisha", "gutera inkunga", "kutitaho ibintu", "kwitiranya".
