Melchior (Amafoto 39): Niki? Alloy ibigize, ibyuma bishonga, imitungo no gusaba, abafite ibikombe, imitako nibindi

Mu mpera za XIX, abahanga b'Abafaransa shoria na Mayo, babifashijwemo na Nikel n'umuringa. Ally yatangiye gusaba gukora kwibeshye n'amasahani, hanyuma imitako itangira gukora imitako yombi, ndetse n'ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi n'ibice bitandukanye byo gukoresha tekiniki.

Melkior yinjiye mu buryo bumwe, bityo rero buri muryango, ubutunzi bwabo ntiyemereye kwihitiramo ifeza, amahwa, ibiyiko, ibiyiko byo mu mirori byaturutse muri Melekior. Igiciro cyibicuruzwa nkibi ntabwo cyari kinini cyane, ariko mumiterere byari bigoye gutandukanya ifeza. Ariko, abanyamashuri bagombaga gushushanya neza ibikoresho byameza kuva muri Melekior kugirango basabe bihenze kandi bigaragara.

Niki?

Imiti yimiti ya Meleki isobanura Indege yumuringa na Nikel Yafashwe kumukino runaka, ibisubizo byayo abumurwa, bisa nkaho biba byiza kandi bifite ibara rya feza. Icyuma nkicyo cyahindutse ubwoko bwo gutsitara kubagabo, batazi gutandukanya ifeza muri Melchior kandi akenshi nabonye ibicuruzwa byizina kubiciro bya feza.

Rimwe na rimwe, icyuma na Mangane byongewe ku muringa hamwe na Nikel kugirango wongere ubucucike n'imbaraga z'ibikoresho. Niba magnet yazanywe ku bicuruzwa, byashobokaga kubona ko bigaragariza imitungo yayo ya magneti na bakuru, mugihe ibicuruzwa bya feza bidashoboye kwerekana imiterere ya magneti.

Nyuma yo gukora ubushakashatsi bwinshi, abahanga batangiye gukora ubutumwa butandukanye bwibirango bitandukanye, ndetse bakiriye amazina yabo basangamo ibice bimwe na bimwe byo gusaba.

Isura

Mu ntangiriro, Melkior yatekerejwe nk'ubundi buryo buhendutse kuri feza. Mu isura, ibicuruzwa biva mu mukorikori na Nikel ntibitandukanije n'ifeza, basaga neza kandi bafite ubugwaneza, ariko bahendutse cyane kuri bagenzi babo. Byari bigoye cyane kumenya ibintu byoroheje, niba mugenzi wawe wa zahabu, ifeza cyangwa igice cya Rhodium cyakoreshejwe hejuru. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya feza na Melchior ntabwo ari aya soko ryabo gusa, ahubwo no mumahame yo kwita kubicuruzwa.

Ibihimbano

Alboy igizwe na shingwe-nikel shingiro ni iz'ibiti bitari ferrous. Ahanini, umusozi ugizwe n'umuringa, na Nikel n'izindi nguzanyo zikora nka Liguture, zitanga ibisobanuro birangiye no kuramba. Ibigize ibyuma bikurikizwa kuri Ally yemerera ibikoresho ntabwo ari corode, okiside mukirere. Nibintu byibyuma bidafite ingaruka kandi ifeza yacyo ibaye ingenzi kandi ifite agaciro muri meliki.

Mu ntangiriro, Melkior yari igizwe n'umuringa na Nikel gusa, ariko nyuma y'igihe, ibigize bimaze gukorwa neza kandi bitandukanye. Hariho rero ibirango bitandukanye bya Melchior. Ibigize ibyuma muri Melchior igezweho birashobora kuba nkibi bikurikira:

• Umuringa - kuva kuri 65 kugeza kuri 90%;
• Nikel (rimwe na rimwe hamwe na coibt) - kuva 5 kugeza 30%;
• Manganese - ntarenze 1%;
• Icyuma - kitarenze 1%.

Mu bimenyetso bimwe na bimwe bya melkior, hari zinc yasimbuwe nigice runaka cya Nikeli. Amagambo yavuyemo yari afite ibara ryiza rya feza-ibyuma kandi akenshi ikoreshwa mugukora ibiceri. Kubera ubudasiba bwa Melkiri, byageze kuba ibiyikoro bya filamentous bikava muri brass byatangiye guhamagara ntayindi kuruta Mellchior.

Ibigezweho bigezweho muri Melkior ni ibintu biramba, bidafite umutima. Murakoze kubirimo binini byumuringa, ubuso bwibicuruzwa biva muri Meleki imbere birasinzira.

Kugirango uzigame ubwoko bwambere bwibicuruzwa, birakenewe gusukura no gusoza byombi hamwe nintego nziza kandi nyuma yo gukoreshwa.

Ikimenyetso

Kubicuruzwa bikozwe muri Melkior Alloy, hari agasuzuguro (icyitegererezo) kigizwe ninyuguti ebyiri: m na N. Aya mabaruwa yagennye ko Akoma arimo umuringa na Nikel. Niba hari metero na mc kuruhande rwinyuguti, ibimenyetso nkibi byerekanye ko muburyo bwa Liguture, The Bogase arimo Icyuma na Manganese. Usibye inyuguti zinyuguti, ubukorikori ku bicuruzwa bya Meletior byari bifite imibare. Kurugero, ikizamini cya MTF 30-1-1 cyerekanye ko muri the the muri alloy, usibye umuringa, urimo 30%, 1% yicyuma na 1% bya manganese na manganese.

Ibicuruzwa biva muri Melchior byakozwe mu gihugu cyacu mugihe cyo kubora wa Usssr, nyuma ya Aliloy nkiyi yatangiraga kubyara binc. Igisubizo ni nezilber - kimwe mu bwoko bwa meliki. Ibintu bivuye mu muringa-Nickel Ntayoboga Zinc irashobora kugurwa usibye mububiko bwa kera. Ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri nezibre mu isura n'imbaraga zo kuba bigaragara mu buryo butagaragara ifeza, ibyo ni ifeza gusa iyo uhamagaye hejuru kandi mu kirere bishobora guturika, kandi akyki w'ikirere azakomeza guhinduka.

Ikintu cyihariye cya nezilber nigitabo cyacyo. Niba kandi ikirango cya Melchior cyaguye mn, noneho zinc airloy bumaze kugira ikindi cyiciro - Itc. Rimwe na rimwe, bibaho ko nta byitegererezo kubicuruzwa. Noneho kugirango umenye ibihimbano ukeneye kumenya itariki yo gukora cyangwa kugereranya ibara ryibicuruzwa kugirango habeho tint yumuhondo ihari: niba nta humuntu nk'uwo, bivuze ko uri nezior.

Imitungo yicyuma

Ibiranga Umuringa Woodloy hamwe na Nikel ni ibi bikurikira:

• Akoli ntabwo yinjira mu buryo bwa okidative na ogisijeni;
• Ntabwo yahuye na saline na acide, harimo amazi yo mu nyanja;
• yerekana kurwanya imyuka;
• byoroshye kwiyongera kuri spike, gusya;
• Ubucucike bwibikoresho ni 8900 kg / m3;
• Kurwanya amashanyarazi byihariye ni 284-285 n / m, kurenga kubuza umuringa inshuro zigera kuri 20;
• Niba nta manganese nicyuma muri alloy, Meleki hari umuyobozi wubu;
• Nta mwonda zuzuye mubigize, ubukorikori ntabwo buzagira umutungo wo gukuruzi;
• Imbaraga za Meleki zidagereranywa nimbaraga zibyuma;
• Kurwanya ibikoresho biri ku gihoku ni 380-400 MPA;
• Urwego rwo gukomera kwa Brinell ni ibice 66-70.

Melkior ifatwa nkibangambamba kuruta ifeza, mugihe uburemere bwayo butari munsi yicyuma cyicyubahiro.

Gushonga

Guha Melchiorem Ibicuruzwa bikomeye, kora ubushyuhe budasanzwe, bukicwa: Ububiko buhatiwe kugeza kuri 260-300 ° kuri c, hanyuma bikayitanga buhoro buhoro mu itanura, mubisanzwe bigabanya ubushyuhe. Inzira nkiyi yitwa Nagarovka. Hamwe nayo, Melkior iraramba cyane.

Ibicuruzwa Byihariye:

• Ubushyuhe bwa Melchior bwashonge kuva 1190 kugeza 1230 ° C kandi biterwa nibigize alloy;
• Ibipimo byerekana ubushobozi bwihariye ni impuzandengo ya 390-400 j / kg, igaragaza ubushyuhe bwa +15 kugeza + 25 ° C;
• Ibigize Melchioric ntabwo bigengwa na okiside, byatanzwe ko ubushyuhe bwibidukikije buzaba munsi ya + 150 ° C.

Duhereye ku bigizwe n'ibigize liguture bikoreshwa muri alloy, ibyuma byerekana ko plastique ibipimo bya plastike bizaterwa. Kinini mu bigize ibigize icyuma na Manganese, hepfo ko ingufu zingirakamaro za melekior.

Ubwoko bwa alloys

Kugeza ubu, hejuru ya 65 Alloys zinyuranye zizwi, ziba mu itsinda rusange rya Melekior. Buri wese, amoko afite izina ryayo numutungo wacyo, usanga ibyerekanwa mubimenyetso hamwe nijanisha ryibikoresho.

Reba kuri alloys.

• Monel. Icyuma kirimo ibisigazwa bigera kuri 66-67% ya Nikel. Ibi bikoresho byakoreshwaga cyane mugukora ibikoresho byubuvuzi, bikoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bikenewe mumavuta na chimique imiti mu nganda zo kubaka ubwato.

• Constantan. Ibisobanuro bitarenze 4-41% nikel, itanga ubuto bwiza n'imbaraga nyinshi. Ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa mugukora imashini zica ibyuma nibikoresho.

• Nikel Ifeza. Akomy arimo Nickel igera kuri 15%, na Zinc yongeweho nka Liguture. Iyi myogosha ya melkior ikoreshwa mukibazo cyamabere leta yibihugu bitandukanye, ibiceri n'imitako bikozwe muri yo, kimwe nibice bikoreshwa mubikoresho byukuri.

Kugirango ukore neza kandi ibikoresho, zinc ntibikurikizwa, kandi mugihe cyo kurya ntabwo byumviye uburyohe, ubuso bwibice bitwikiriwe nigice gito cyo gucukura cyangwa ifeza.

Uduce dukoresha

Kubera ko umusozi urwanya amazi y'umunyu, ni ayo masezerano, akoreshwa mu ntambwe yo kubaka mu nyanja ya maritime. Imyitwarire minini y'amashanyarazi adushoboza gukoresha ibikoresho byoroheje byo gukora ibicuruzwa, abaturuka nibindi bintu bitwara. Bikunze gukoreshwa kuri melchior no murwego rwinganda zimodoka: Alloy Alloy ikubiyemo ibice bimwe na bimwe bya Mechanism yimodoka hagamijwe kubuza ruswa.

Kuva ku muringa-nikel Melchioric ALYY ikoreshwa mubuvuzi: ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri ibi bikoresho birashobora gukorerwa inshuro nyinshi uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Muri icyo gihe, ntibagenda, basigaye muburyo bwumwimerere.

Kwibeshye n'amasahani

Kuva igihe cyo kurema Thelchior Alloy, yakoreshwaga mu gukora ibyumba byo kuriramo n'ibikoresho, ubwiza bwabo bushobora kwitabira ibicuruzwa bya feza. Amazu y'ibiyiko bya Melchior, Forks n'ibyuma bikoreshwa mu ruzitiro rw'ibirori: Igenamiterere nkiryo ryashushanyije kumeza hamwe na feza ya feza. Vase ku mbuto cyangwa ibiryohereye, abasahuzi, isabuke, trays hamwe n'ibikoresho, ibirahuri n'ibirahure byakozwe nk'ibicuruzwa biva muri Melkire.

Amasahani kuva Melkior ntabwo yagize isoni kandi atanga. Umuvutse, ufite igikombe, ikiyiko hamwe na enamel - ibyo byose ntibyari bikenewe gusa, ahubwo byanigeze byifuzwa, kandi byatanzwe ku rubanza urwo arirwo rwose. Ya Melchior, icyayi kinini cya samovars na turukiya yo guteka ikawa byakunze gukorwa. Imbere, ibi bintu byashoboraga gutwikirwa hamwe na tin yoroheje kugirango iyo gukubitwa mumazi, ibintu byose byangiza byatandukanijwe. Melkior Coaster yari ifite imishinga mike yubushyuhe: Gushyira icyayi gishyushye muri bo, byashobokaga kutatinya gutwika intoki mugihe cy'icyayi.

Imitako

Ifeza irabagirana ibyuma byicyubahiro ntabwo yasize abitayeho kandi abakunda imitako. Ibicuruzwa bya Melchioric bigaruriye byimazeyo Niche yabo muri kano karere, ariko ntabwo ari impimbano ya feza, ariko nkibicuruzwa biva mubicuruzwa byihariye kandi bisabwa. Imitako yakozwe mu muringa-nikel alloy-nikel, ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo kwambara no kwicogora no kwicogora. Bongeyeho kandi barimbishijwe abirabura badasanzwe, ongeraho patina, bavuwe hamwe na filigree.

Melkior ikunze kubambishijwe na feza: Ubu buso ntabwo bugaragara gusa, ariko kandi ifite imiterere ya antiseptique ishimira ion ya feza. Kenshi na kenshi, amonyo yumuringa na nikel irimbishijwe na diling. Ahanini ibi bikorwa hamwe nimitako nimitako. Igice cya zahabu cyakoreshejwe hejuru yibicuruzwa ntabwo kirenga micrometero 1, ariko niba tubishyira muburyo bwo gutoranya, noneho kurwanya ibikayiko nk'ibi bizaba byinshi cyane.

Zahabu yashizeho melchior nubwo ikoreshwa rya buri munsi ntabwo ibura imitungo. Ni hypollergen numutekano wo gukoresha mugihe uhamagaye uruhu.

Nigute ushobora gutandukanya ibyuma bidafite umuvuduko?

Menya murugo, Melchior imbere yawe cyangwa ibyuma bidafite ikibazo biragoye cyane. Korohereza umurimo, urashobora gukoresha inama zinzobere.

• Ibisobanuro hamwe na sample. Ku bicuruzwa bivuye muri Copper na Nikel ALYLY, bashyize amakimbirane adasanzwe mu mabaruwa ya MN, ishobora guhuzwa n'amabaruwa, MC, C na nimero byerekana ijanisha rya Liguture. Nta bimenyetso nkibi biranga ibicuruzwa bya Steel bidafite.
• Niba ushyiramo igitonyanga cyamazi kuri nikel amoko numuringa, Noneho nyuma yamasaha make, aho kuba igitonyanga, uzabona ikibanza cyatsi kibisi, mugihe ibinyampeke bitagira ingano bidatanga.
• Farumasi lapis ikaramu Ku bicuruzwa bya Melchior bisiga inzira yijimye, no kubyuma bidafite imipaka - oya.
• Melchiorovy alloy Ifite imiterere mito ya magneti, hamwe nicyuma kidashira - oya, nkuko ifite chromium na nikel.
• Ibitekerezo bya Meleki ni bihenze inshuro 3, Kuruta they of ibyuma bitagira ingano, nkuko melchior irimo Nikel ihenze.

Icyuma kidafite ingaruka zigerageza gutanga ifeza cyangwa uburebure, ariko melkior ikunze kuboneka mubihumyo byimitako y'agaciro, amasahani n'ibindi bicuruzwa byigana ifeza.

Nigute wabitaho?

Ibyo bicuruzwa rero biva kuri Nikel na Copper Ally yasaga bihagije kandi bikurura ibitekerezo byabo kubwiza bwabo, bagomba kuba bugezweho ukoresheje isuku no gusya. Kubwiyi ntego, ifu yamenyo irashobora gukoreshwa, ibipimo bya chalk cyangwa umukozi yagenewe kwita kumitako yakozwe mubimera byagaciro na alloys. Ni ngombwa ko mu bigize abakozi bashinzwe isuku nta bice bya acide cyangwa ibice bya chlorine, kubera ko ibi bintu bigize igitero kigoye ku buso bwibicuruzwa.

Hano hari resept nkeya ukoresheje icyo, urashobora gusukura ibikeri cyangwa imitako.

• Ubuso buvurwa na soda yashonga mumazi Muri gentio ya 50 g ya soda kuri 1 l y'amazi. Ntabwo bisabwa gusukura ifu yumye soda, kuva nyuma yuburyo, gushushanya birashobora kugaragara hejuru yibicuruzwa. Nyuma yo kuvurwa na soda hamwe na soda, ibicuruzwa bigomba kwozwa n'amazi no gukama igitambaro cyumye, nkuko ibitonyanga bitose bizagira ikizinga.
• Undi resept hamwe na soda: Muri kontineri ya aluminium, ni ngombwa gushyiramo impyisi kandi ukayisukaho igisubizo cya soda (ibipimo bimwe nkuko biri muri verisiyo ibanza). Kuruhande rwibikoresho ukeneye kuzinga ibintu uteganya ko usukuye. Ibirimo bishyirwa ku mashyiga, kandi ibirimo byahinduwe kubira. Noneho buri kintu cyogejwe mumazi no guhanagura umwenda wumye.
• Resept hamwe na Ammonia: Mu mazi ashyushye, inzoga za ammonia ni ukomoka kandi ibicuruzwa biva muri Melchior bishyirwa mu gisubizo cyavuyemo. Nyuma yigihe gito, ibintu bivanwa kubisubizo, gukaraba mumazi meza kandi byumye byumye, byomesha umwenda wabo.
• Isuku ryinshi: Amagi yagingiye gukubitwa neza muri leta yifu - birahagije gufata igikonoshwa kuva 2. Ifu ya shell igizwe nubushobozi bunini, yasutse litiro y'amazi kandi ongeraho 20 g zumunyu. Ubushobozi bwo gukemura no kuzana kubira. Noneho ibicuruzwa bigamije gukora isuku bishyirwa mubisubizo bitetse kandi ubike byibuze iminota 2-3. Nyuma yibyo, ibintu bivanwa kubisubizo, gukaraba amazi, yumye kandi asuka hamwe na tissue nziza.

Nyuma yo gukora isuku nububiko bwuzuye, ibicuruzwa bikozwe muri Melchior Woloy bigomba kuvaho kugirango bikure mu gasanduku cyangwa ikibazo hamwe nimbere. Imbere mu bubiko bugomba gukama kandi isukuye. Mubisanzwe, ibintu byangiza bigurishwa bimaze gupakira mumasanduku cyangwa mu manza, kubwibyo, nibyiza kubika ibicuruzwa muri bo.

Ni ngombwa cyane kwirinda guhura nubushuhe, ibintu byimiti cyangwa parufe. Kandi, ibicuruzwa bigomba kurindwa ingaruka zintaka. Kwitegereza aya mategeko atoroshye, buri gihe akora inzira yo gukora isuku no gusya, urashobora kwishimira imitako yawe cyangwa ibikoresho bitera imyaka myinshi.

Kubijyanye nuburyo bwo gusukura melchior muminota ibiri, reba videwo ikurikira.