Amagufwa Porcelain (Amafoto 27): Niki? Ni ikihe cyiciro kizwi? Ni iki gitandukanye n'ibisanzwe? Ibiranga ibikinisho, Icyongereza n'Ikiyapani

Kugirango ukore amasahani nibintu byuburinganire bwimbere, umubare munini wibikoresho bikoreshwa, hamwe namakoperalain muri bo. Usibye bisanzwe, uyumunsi ababikora bakoreshwa cyane namagufwa fane fabcelain, bitandukanye na yo, mumucyo ugaragazwa nibiranga byihariye.

Niki?

Ibikoresho, bivugwa muri ubu buryo, ni ibikoresho bikomeye mbisi, igice cyacyo kirimo amagufwa asenyuka. Mu bintu biranga porcelain nk'ibi byerekana ibimenyetso byinshi, kimwe n'umweru. Ibikoresho byagaragaye nkigisubizo cyimirimo yerekeye kugerageza gukora formula yo gukora fascelain yisi yose. Ku nshuro ya mbere, ibikoresho bikomeye by'ibanze byatangiye gushyiramo amagufwa mu kinyejana cya XVII, ibisubizo byabonye byari imbaraga zo gukuraho formulaire nyamukuru yo gukora amagufwa ya Percelain, akoreshwa muri iki gihe.

Byiza, ibice nkibi bigomba kuba bihari mubikoresho nka:

Ibumba ryera - 25%;
Inkota y'umurima - 25%;
Yagenzuye amagufwa menshi yinyamaswa - 50%.

Imitungo nyamukuru, ushimira ibi bikoresho bitandukanye nibisanzwe, biterwa no kubura imbere ku mutima, yuzuyemo amagufwa . Mu biranga byo hanze, byazanye amagufwa Ubushinwa bukunzwe cyane, birakwiye ko harabarikana kwera no gukorera mu mucyo, ndetse n'ibishoboka byo guhindura ibintu byoroshye kandi icyarimwe kandi icyarimwe. Imitungo ye minini ya Porcelain yanze buhoro buhoro biteye ubwoba, bikakorwa ku bushyuhe bwa +1050 kugeza + 1300 ° C.

Amagufwa nayo arakorwa mbere, nkibisubizo bya kole nibigize kama bivanwamo. Ibikurikira, hamwe nubufasha bwimiterere ya Gypsum, umusaruro wibicuruzwa bibaho, hakurikiraho igishushanyo mbonera cyayo hamwe nubufasha bwa glaze, gushushanya cyangwa decoli.

Amagufa farcelain afatwa nkikingiwe, kuko avuye mubikoresho bisanzwe bya porcelain ibicuruzwa biva muriyi ngingo mbisi bitandukanijwe nubwinshi bwinkuta zabo.

Ibyiza n'ibibi

Amagufwa, nk'indi bikoresho mbisi, byangirika mu mbaraga n'intege nke, bizagaragaza mugihe cyo gukora ibicuruzwa. Rero, ibyiza byibikoresho bigomba kubamo ibi bikurikira:

Ibipimo byimbaraga, ndetse no ku miterere yinkuta zito; Nkuko imyitozo ibitaramo, ibicuruzwa bifite ibigize nkibi birwanya ibyangiritse cyane kurenza ibindi bikoresho fatizo bikoreshwa mugukora amasahani n'ibintu;
Inkuta z'ibicuruzwa ziva kuri porcelain zizahindurwa, zituma ibicuruzwa bigaragara ko byoroshye, byiza kandi bihanitse; Iyo mico irahabwa agaciro cyane na kera n'abandi bakundana n'abakusanya muri Norututtes yo muri Aristocs, amasahani n'ibindi;
Ubwoko butandukanye buzwiho ibara ryiza; Amagufwa nyayo farune ntabwo azaba umusozi utabogamye;
Ubuso bwibicuruzwa biva muriyi ngingo mbisi ntabwo bikubiyemo ubukorikori bwose, gukorakora amasaha yose nibindi bikoresho bizagenda neza;
Abakora bakora ibikoresho bya serivisi nibindi bintu byo murugo bishobora guterwa nicyiciro rusange, kuko bazashobora gukoresha itarangwamo murugo gusa, ahubwo bazashobora no gukora bisanzwe kumeza yumuryango.

Ntabwo afite ibikoresho nibintu bimwe na bimwe, aribyo:

Nubwo imbaraga zayo, ibicuruzwa biva muriyi ngingo mbisi bizakenera kwitabwaho byihariye, bizarokora ibyabaye mbere, ndetse no kurambaza igihe;
Usibye uburyo budasanzwe bwo kwita, amagufwa farcelain azakenera kandi nyir'ubuhungiro rimwe na rimwe ku bijyanye no kubika;
Ibicuruzwa bivuye kuri ibi bikoresho bivuga bihenze;
Nubwo imbaraga zayo no gukomera, amagufwa farcelain ntabwo ahagarara kumeneka yubushyuhe muri binini cyangwa bito.

Ubwoko bw'isahani

Uyu munsi, abakora bakoresha ibi bikoresho umusaruro wabo, tanga ubwoko bwibiryo bikurikira:

Amasahani yubunini nubujyakuzimu butandukanye, harimo nibicuruzwa byakoreshejwe kuri demor;
ishyiraho;
Ibikoresho by'icyayi n'ibikoresho bya kawa byagenewe abantu 2 cyangwa byinshi;
isupu
Serivisi.

Usibye ibikoresho byo mu gikoni, statuettes, vasettes, imibare y'ibanze ikozwe mu maparuji.

Ingingo n'amabara

Ibicuruzwa byera cyangwa amabara yinzovu mbere yo kujya mu iduka, bigakora igishushanyo mbonera nigikorwa cyo gutaka. Igishushanyo kirashobora kuba umunyeshuri mu zabumwe cyangwa kugenzurwa, kandi hari ibicuruzwa, ingingo z'igishushanyo mbonera gihuza tekiniki ebyiri z'abahanzi. Ibicuruzwa byinshi biva mumagufwa fane yashushanijwe mumabara yera namabara, yitwa "Coballat Mesh", Nahindutse ubwoko bwibicuruzwa byubucuruzi muri ibi bikoresho. Gushushanya, bitewe nuburyo bwo gutunganya ubushyuhe, birashobora kuba ubururu bwubururu cyangwa buzuye ubururu. Rimwe na rimwe, igicucu cy'umukara, imvi nijimye zikoreshwa hejuru y'ibiryo, indabyo za Magnolia n'ibindi bimera.

Gushushanya ibicuruzwa ni intoki, ariko mubitabo bimwe na bimwe byinganda, ibicuruzwa byamagufwa byamagufwa bishushanyijeho imirongo idasanzwe hamwe nimirongo mito yakubiswe isobanura kontour. Kimwe no mubikorwa byakoreshejwe neza Filime yoroheje ni intangiriro "ikora" kubigereranyo hamwe nishusho yo guhindura. Gushushanya amafoto n'ibindi bicuruzwa rimwe na rimwe bikorwa na zahabu. Akazi ukoresheje ibyuma by'agaciro birashobora gukorwa na brush intoki cyangwa hamwe na kashe idasanzwe.

Gusubiramo abakora

Muri iki gihe, ibimenyetso byinshi byo mu rugo ndetse n'amahanga bishora mu gukora ibicuruzwa biva mu magufwa. Mubikoshya biriho bizwi cyane birakwiye kwerekana umusaruro uzwi cyane.

Uruganda rwa Porceal Porcelain. Iyi sosiyete mugihe cya marist Uburusiya bwabaye umusaruro wambere murugo kabuhariwe mu gukora ibyokurya bya poroji. Naho ibikoresho bibisi byamagufwa, hashingiwe kuri iki gihingwa, ibicuruzwa byambere byasohotse mugihe cya USSR.

Kugeza ubu uyu niwo muryango wonyine wu Burusiya ukora irekurwa ryibikoresho fatizo, kimwe nibicuruzwa bivuyemo.

Umuvumu. - Iki nikibazo cyicyongereza ninde wihariye kukazi hamwe nibikoresho. Noneho ikirango ni kimwe mubatanga ibicuruzwa byamagufwa. Isosiyete issoment ifite ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, harimo na seti yihariye hamwe nimboga.

Wedgwood. - Ibi ntibizwi cyane kuruta igihingwa cy'Uburusiya, isosiyete ifata imwe mu bashakishwa cyane - nyuma ya NIS, kuko itazatanga ibicuruzwa gusa by'abaguzi basanzwe, ariko nanone ikora amabwiriza yo gukora amasahani kuri Urukiko rw'Ubuyobozi bw'Ubwongereza. Usibye ibya kera-bisabwa, isosiyete ikora ibicuruzwa bidasanzwe, ibintu byubuhanzi.

Spode. - Iki nikindi kirango kizwi cyo gukora ibicuruzwa byamagufwa, biha abakiriya ahantu hanini ibikoresho byinshi. Ubushobozi bwumusaruro bwakozwe neza mumyaka irenga 200. Uyu munsi, ikirango cyatangiye umurongo wacyo wihariye kugirango ukore ibicuruzwa byo hejuru.

Narumi. - Iyi ni ikimenyetso cyubucuruzi bwubuyapani, gifatwa nkimwe mu masosiyete akiri muri iri soko. Ariko, ibicuruzwa byiki kirango biragaragara no kunonosorwa, uburyo bwo hejuru nuburyo bwihariye bwo gutegura amasahani. Ubuyapani bwibanze ku musaruro no gushushanya ibicuruzwa bifite intoki, byongera indangagaciro z'isahani n'ibindi bicuruzwa.

Isosiyete ntabwo itandukanya inyuma yikirangira icyongereza, rero nanone itanga umurongo wumurongo wa porcelain. Usibye ibigo byavuzwe haruguru, amagufwa porcelain nkuko ibikoresho nyamukuru bifatika byo gukora amasahani bikoreshwa mubushinwa na Qazaqistan.

Nigute wahitamo?

Kubona ibyombo byiryohe cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa bisaba gusobanukirwa uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibicuruzwa byiza kuva ku mpimbano ya kabiri. Gusuzuma isura yibicuruzwa ukunda, ugomba kwita cyane kubiciro byinshi.

Ibara. Ibicuruzwa byiza bigomba kuba ibara ryera cyangwa rimenetse. Kandi kandi Ubushinwa bugomba kurakara. Igishushanyo cyamabara kirashobora gutandukana mumucyo wo gukoresha mugikorwa cyikoranabuhanga rishya, ariko igicucu hejuru yibicuruzwa bigomba gushyuha, ntabwo cyerekanwe kuruta kwera nkana.
Gukorera mu mucyo. Amasahani cyangwa ibindi bicuruzwa byose biva mumagufwa meza ya farashi agomba gusiba urumuri.
Gushushanya. Niba ibicuruzwa byateganijwe bihagaze, nk'ibicuruzwa cyangwa ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa bisize ikiganza, hanyuma bikinishwa birambuye, bizashoboka kubona brush.
Ikimenyetso. Ibicuruzwa byose bigomba kuba itegeko ryashyizweho ikimenyetso. Mubisanzwe, ibishishwa bihuye byashyizwe kuruhande rwinyuma hepfo. Ibyifuzo birasabwa kubakora hamwe nizina rizwi.
Nta nenge hejuru . Mugugura amasahani kubwimpano cyangwa gukoresha kugiti cyawe, ugomba kumenya neza ko byoroshye inkuta zose. Ni ngombwa ko ibicuruzwa bidafite umwobo, ibituba, kimwe na chip hamwe na grandches byumwihariko kuruhande.

Ibiranga Kwitaho

Yaguzwe kubicuruzwa biva mumagufa farcelain, Birakwiye ko kwiga ibibazo bijyanye no kwita no kubika ibicuruzwa nkibi, witondere ibyifuzo bikurikira:

Kashe amasahani birabujijwe gukoresha sponges ya beosive, ndetse no kubuza imiti yifu yifu, ishobora gusiga ibishushanyo hejuru; Niba bishoboka, birakenewe kureka uburyo bwo gukoresha chimie iyo ari yo yose;
Ibaraza ryumva neza ihindagurika rityaye mubushyuhe, niko rigomba kwitonda cyangwa ibindi bintu byitonze; Niba amazi ashyushye asuka muri kontineri, bigomba kubanza kwogezwa mumazi ashyushye nibindi;
Ubuvuzi bwa Porcelain bukubiyemo gukoresha ubushyuhe bw'amazi; Koza munsi y'amazi ashyushye, nubwo wanduye cyane, ntibishoboka;
Shira amasahani kumeza cyangwa mugihe ubitswe ku gipangu gikurikira kugirango ibikoresho bitahura nimpande zose; Nibyiza guhindura ikigega hamwe nimpapuro zera mugihe cyo kubika amasahani kuri mugenzi wawe;
Nyuma yo gutunganya ibintu bitoroshye, ibicuruzwa biva kuri farashi bigomba guhanagura byumye; Kuraho umukungugu usabwa na Rag Yumye adafite ikirundo.

Uko ku buryo icyongereza kizwi cyane mu magufwa yo mu Bushinwa Dunoon, reba videwo ikurikira.