Igikombe cyumusarani ni ibikoresho byo murugo bikoreshwa mugukoresha imyanda yo murugo hamwe nibikorwa byibikorwa byabantu binyuze muri sisitemu yimyanda. Yashyizwe mu gutura, tekiniki no mu rubanda.
Nibikoresho byo mu gihugu byo kwiyongera kwangiza ibinyabuzima, Kubera ko ikoreshwa ryayo rifitanye isano no kubyara umubare munini wa mikorobe ya pathogenic na bagiteri.
Kugirango habeho ibihe byiza byibikoresho, gores na sniva byatejwe imbere. Mubipimo byateganijwe ni indangagaciro zerekana intera kuva mu musarani kugeza kurukuta nibindi bintu byimbere.
Amafaranga yihariye
Kwishyiriraho umusarani ni inzira ijyanye nurutonde rwibiranga. Kugirango tugere kubintu byiza byo gukora, bagomba kwitabwaho muri complex. Urutonde rwibisabwa bigomba kuba byubahirizwa birashobora gutandukana bitewe nibiranga hagamijwe icyumba igikoresho kizashyirwa.
Inyubako-yubutegetsi yo guturamo yubatswe ukurikije imishinga isanzwe kandi ifite ibipimo bisa. Amazu y'isuku mu nyubako zamagorofa ziri ku murongo uhagaritse (RASEER) y'itumanaho: Gutanga amazi, imyanda no gushyushya (rimwe na rimwe).
Igishushanyo mbonera cyinyubako zisanzwe nticyemerera kugira umusarani mubintu bitabishaka. Ingingo yo kwishyiriraho ihambiriwe ahantu runaka yicyumba. Igomba kuba kure cyane nintera ya vertical gazer.
Ihererekanyabubasha ahandi (kure yumushinga wemerewe) rishobora kugaragara habaho kunanirwa gutunguranye mugikorwa cya sisitemu yo kubaka. Iri semburo rirabujijwe n'amategeko.
Imishinga y'amazu menshi yububiko igabanijwemo ubwoko 2:
- hamwe n'ubwiherero bwahujwe;
- C gutandukanye ubwiherero.
Mu rubanza rwa mbere, umusarani uherereye ahantu hamwe n'ubwiherero, kwiyuhagira. Mu cya kabiri - giherereye mucyumba gitandukanye. Muri ibyo bihe byombi Ahantu umusarani uherereye, ibipimo byintera mubintu bikikije inkuta ninkuta zashyizwemo na Gtales zikoreshwa.
Byemewe
Gukenera kwitegereza intera biterwa nibiranga imisatsi. Kubera ko ubifashijwemo, imyanda yo murugo hamwe nibicuruzwa bizima biranga, hari umubare munini wa mikorobe na bagiteri hejuru yayo kandi iragwira.
Kubaho kwabo no kubyara bitagenzuwe mubibanza byo gutura bishobora gutuma hakwirakwizwa indwara za bagiteri numuntu mumubiri wumuntu.
Kugabanya ingaruka zo gukwirakwiza indwara kandi ukuyemo ubwandu bwumuntu, umusarani ugomba kuba uri ahantu hahagije uva mubintu ninkuta.
Kubera kure za mikorobe na bagiteri, ntibashobora kubagwa no kugwira. Ibi bigabanya amahirwe yo gukwirakwiza kwabo.
Bitabaye ibyo, ibi bikurikira birashobora kuba: mikorobe ya pathingi yakwirakwira hejuru yinkuta nibikoresho byo murugo. Umuntu, akora ku turere twanduye, agaragaza ibyago bya mikorobe mu mubiri wacyo.
Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo akeka ko ubuso bwera buteganijwe bwanduye, kandi ntibuzafata Ingamba zo kurengera neza: Gukaraba intoki, kubitunganya inzobere nibindi.
Ndetse no muri laboratoire y'Abasoviyeti, ibipimo by'intera kuva ku rukuta n'ibindi bintu bivuye mu musarani byamenyekanye, byirinda gukwirakwiza mikorobe na bagiteri zangiza. Inyubako zose zamagorofa yubatswe mbere yumwaka wa 90 zizamurwa muri ibi birori. Kugeza ubu, aya mahame akomeza kuba ngombwa kandi akoreshwa mukubaka inyubako ndende.
No mu bwiherero butandukanye, niba hari umwanya muto, hari intera:
- kuva hagati yubwiherero kugera kuruhande;
- kuva ku nkombe z'umusarani kugeza ku rukuta rw'uruhande;
- kuva hagati kugeza ku rukuta rw'imbere cyangwa umuryango;
- uhereye ku ruhande rw'imbere kugera ku muryango cyangwa urukuta rw'imbere ruhabanye;
- Kuva ku rukuta rw'inyuma rwa Tank Tank inyuma y'icyumba.
Uburebure bugaragazwa nuburyo bugeragezwa kandi ntabwo ari impanuka.
Usibye ibintu byikurya, Iyo gufata biherereye mucyumba, urwego rworoheweho ibikorwa byarwo rutabirwa. Kugirango byoroshye gukoresha abantu bafite imyaka itandukanye, gukura, uburemere, physique, hamwe nabana, biherereye kure kurukuta nibidukikije.
Ibi biragufasha kumva neza mugihe ukoresheje umusarani washyizweho no mubindi bikenewe murugo. Kurugero, umwiherero mwiza kuruhande rwurukuta rwemerera gusukura hafi inkunga yumusatsi, kandi ugukane inkuta mu rukuta rwagati hafi yacyo.
Ibyoroshye no korohereza gukora amakosa yo kwanduza nigice cyingenzi.
Intera:
- 50-53 cm - Intera ntarengwa uhereye ku ruhande rw'imbere kugeza ku rukuta rw'imbere cyangwa umuryango;
- 70-76 cm - Intera ntarengwa kuva kuruhande rwimbere kurukuta rwimbere cyangwa umuryango (agaciro kagereranijwe);
- 38-43 cm - Intera ntarengwa kuva hagati yubwiherero kurukuta.
Intera iri hagati yigikoresho hamwe nimbuzi za RISES igenwa nibiranga tekiniki byicyumba.
Birasabwa gushyira umusarani hafi yintoki.
Mugihe kimwe, intera ipimwa ntabwo iva hagati yigikoresho, ariko kuva hanze yacyo. Hafi ya hafi yikintu cyimiterere yumurongo munini ushobora kugorana guhuza umusarani ugana kumusazi mukuru.
Ibidasanzwe biva mu mategeko
Mu magambo agena ingingo nziza yo kurambika umusarani, hari ibitagendanwa. Kuboneka bigenwa nibiranga tekiniki byicyumba.
Mu nyubako, ntabwo yashizweho n'imishinga isanzwe (amazu yigenga, amaduka, cafes n'abandi), amahame y'isuku ntashobora kubahirizwa.
Impamvu yabyo ishobora kuba: Kunanirwa kwa kare, aho itumanaho cyangwa ibyifuzo byawe bya nyirabyo.
Kurenga ku mategeko ya tekiniki aho umusarani uherereye ntabwo ari ukurenga ku ngingo z'itegeko iryo ari ryo ryose niba iyi ngingo iherereye mu kigo kitari Leta cyangwa hanze y'ibitaro, ishuri, ishami rya gisirikare Kandi ibisa. Nyir'ikibanza cyo guhinga kugirango umenye aho ubwiherero.
Ibyifuzo
Hariho ibintu bikenewe kugirango tuzihize amahame yimiterere yubwiherero no mubibanza byubwoko butagereranywa. Mumpamvu nyamukuru zishobora kuvugwa kuburyo bukurikira:
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho hamwe nubunini bwibintu byo murugo, bishyirwa mu bwiherero cyangwa hafi yumusarani (niba bihujwe);
- Kubaho kw'ikintu gifatika cyahantu hakaba ibice byizina rya plam;
- Ingano ihamye nuburyo bwo guhuza ibice;
- Ibiranga ikoranabuhanga ryo kwishyiriraho umusarani.
Ibintu byo murugo bishobora kuba hafi yubwiherero (kurohama, kurohama hamwe nimbonerahamwe, imashini imesa, imashini yumisha hamwe nabandi) yakozwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bimwe. Ibipimo rusange byibikombe byumusarani nabyo bihurira nabo. Bivuze ko Kunanirwa kubahiriza abashyitsi bigena intera yo kwishyiriraho bishobora kugena ihohoterwa ryorohewe mubikorwa mugukoresha ibintu byose byumuryango uhuriweho murugo.
Tutitaye ku bintu biranga icyumba, hari amahame agena ingaruka nziza z'imikorere y'umusarani. Ifite inguni yimfumvyim, ni yo yamenetse kandi ikomati yacyo. Nubwo icyumba kidakozwe numushinga usanzwe, agaciro k'iki kidomo ntigihinduka.
Kubwo kubahiriza Birakenewe gutegura umusarani mugice cyiza uhereye kumpera yimyanda. Ahantu hegereye bizagora gukaraba. Ahantu harenze intera nyinshi birashobora gutuma umuntu atandukanya ibintu bihujwe. Nkigisubizo, mu gikorwa cyo guhindura, kumeneka bishobora kugaragara ahantu h'urugomo n'ibishushanyo.
Ibigize amazi bikozwe hakurikijwe ibipimo bimwe.
Uku kuri kugomba gusuzumwa mugihe uhitamo aho umusarani uhagaze. Guhitamo nabi intera birashobora kuganisha kubidashoboka gukoresha santereriya. Kurugero, hafi cyane kubona umubiri ufunzwe valve urashobora kubuza imirimo yacyo, bizasaba bidashoboka kurengagiza amazi.
Umusarani ushyirwa ku nkunga uhagaritse, aho hari umwobo 2 cyangwa 4 munsi yiziba. Mbere yo gushiraho, ugomba gushishikariza aba yishakiye. Kugirango ukore ibi, igikoresho cyashyizwe kumwanya wanyuma. Binyuze mu mwobo wo kuzenguruka hasi. Niba umusarani uherereye hafi kurukuta, Markipe azagorana cyane.
Kugirango gahunda yiziba igorofa, umwobo ucukurwa hakurikijwe Ikimenyetso. Nyuma yo gutwika umusarani gushyiraho mu mwobo, ifunga byinjijwe - Bolts cyangwa Dowel-imisumari. Gukoporora abo bafata nabyo bizagorana niba ubwiherero buherereye hafi y'urukuta cyangwa ibindi bintu byimbere.
Muri videwo ikurikira, uzamenya ibintu byingenzi bigomba kwitabwaho mugihe ushyiraho umusarani.