Popanga makandulo akhama, ambuye amakono amagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa mitundu yonse yowonjezera yomwe imapereka zotsirizira zonunkhira bwino. Kuyeserera kosiyanasiyana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana kulola kuti oyamba onse alandire zotsatira zabwino. Zonunkhira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga zakufano, zomwe zonunkhira ndizoyenera kupanga zopangidwa ndi manja, zidzafotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera kwazonse
Kukomedwa - madzi, olimba, okhazikika, oundana ndi mafuta a mafuta, ambiri amasungunuka bwino m'madzi ndi / kapena mafuta. Kutha kwa zinthu izi kuti kusungunuka m'madzi ndi mafuta zinthu zomwe zinawapatsa kuti aziwagwiritsa ntchito popanga makandulo am'maso, sopo ndi zinthu zina zopangidwa ndi zopangidwa ndi manja. Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa zonunkhira bwino mu ntchito zimatengera kununkhira kwamtundu wamtundu womwe ukugwirizana ndi mitundu yomwe ili.
Kuwunikira mitundu
Kutengera chiyambi, ndizachikhalidwe kusiyanitsa Zonunkhira zachilengedwe komanso zopangidwa ndi makandulo. Mitundu iliyonse ya zinthu zina zonunkhira ili ndi mawonekedwe ake enieni.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti makandulo odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa ambuye a Novice pogwira ntchito mosamala komanso modekha - ngakhale ngati amatanthauza mtundu wanji.
Mafuta ofunikira - mafuta kapena mafuta onga mafuta ngati madzi owoneka bwino ndi fungo lamphamvu, lotchulidwa. Mafuta ofunikira amapezeka ndi distillation (distillation ndi mpweya wamadzi), kuchotsa kapena kukakamiza kapena kukakamiza kubzala zomera - maluwa, masamba, mizu, mizu. Popanga Aromani, a Crarus, ofota, mafuta opangira mafuta ndi masamba omwe adalandira kugawa kwakukulu. Poganizira kuchuluka kwa zonunkhira zamtunduwu, ambuye amawakonda mosamala, kuwononga, monga lamulo, madontho 10 a sera yosungunuka
Zosakaniza zachilengedwe - gulu la zinthu zonunkhira zomwe zimabzala nthawi yayitali. Zonunkhira zamtunduwu zimaphatikizapo maluwa owuma komanso owuma ndi zitsamba, zipatso za zipatso, mitundu yonse yazonunkhira zonunkhira.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zigawo za gululi sizikusungunuka m'madzi, kapena mafuta, chifukwa chake popanga zolakwa zawo pamafunika chidziwitso chapadera.
Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazinthu zomveka kwambiri za ambuye a Novice mukamagwira ntchito ndi zosakaniza zachilengedwe zomwe zidachokera kuti ndi zopanda malire. Kugwiritsa ntchito zonunkhira zambiri za gululi nthawi zambiri kumapangitsa kuti sera mu ntchito sikumazizira kwambiri kapena sikuzizira konse, ndipo kandulo, zowoneka bwino ndi zowotcha Utsi wina wakuda ndi suti. Kuti mupewe ma ambuye odziwika bwinowa, zotsimikizika zokha komanso zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe sizingatheke zoposa 1 tbsp zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kugwirira ntchito manja. Spoons pa 450 magalamu a sera.
Mafuta onunkhira kapena onunkhira (mafuta onunkhira) - mitundu ina yotchuka ya zonunkhira, kuphatikiza mafuta onunkhira ndi mafuta osafunikira kuchepetsedwa ndi zowonjezera - Propylene Glycol, mchere kapena masamba mafuta. Chimodzi mwazinthu za gululi ndi kusankha kosinthika kwa Aromasi - kuphatikizaponso kotero kuti ndizosatheka kuzindikira pakati pa mafuta ofunikira.
Chifukwa chake, kuchokera ku mafuta osadziwika kwambiri azomwe zimachitika, ndizotheka kununkhira mafuta ndi tiyi wobiriwira watsopano, tiyi wakuda ndi mkaka, amorefi wa altto, Ambiri mwa zonunkhira za gululi ndi okhazikika kwambiri, kotero ambuye odziwa bwino amalangizidwa panthawi yomwe siyikupitiriranso kuchuluka kwa madontho a sera yosungunuka.
Zonunkhira ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a zonunkhira za makandulo opangidwa mokwanira, koma nthawi zambiri mafuta onunkhira. Kuchuluka kwa matendawa kumadalira kapangidwe kazinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zomwe zimaphatikizidwa. Pakati pa ambuye amakono amatchuka kwambiri ndi zonunkhira zonunkhira bwino, kutsanzira fungo la osankhika aamuna ndi akazi achikazi. Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa mafuta onunkhira a gululi ndi pafupifupi madontho 30 a magalamu 450 a sera.
Kuphatikiza pa emulsions, zigawo zonunkhira za makandulo amaimiridwa mu mawonekedwe a granules, makapisozi, ufa. Mtundu uliwonse wa zonunkhira uwu umapereka njira yake yokwanira yamalamulo ndi ndalama (ndi izi zitha kupezeka mu malangizo omwe adaphatikizidwa ndi malonda).
Zabwinonso Zotani?
Zovala zabwino kwambiri zoyenera kupanga makandulo, ambuye odziwa zambiri amaganiza zochilengedwe. Amasungunuka bwino m'madzi onse ndi zinthu zamafuta (kuphatikizapo sera yosungunula), ndipo makandulo opangidwa ndi ena omwe adapangana ndi zezes amphamvu kwambiri.
Opanga zodziwika bwino zamafuta ofunikira ku zida zachilengedwe zachilengedwe ndi zazitali kwambiri ndi makampani angapo:
- Egermation: Bergland-PERRMA (Germany), styx (Austria), France (France);
- Russia: Bongo, Elfarma, Mir.yla;
- USA: Aura Cacasia.
Zogulitsa zonse pamwambapa ndizofunikira kwambiri pakati pa ogula. Komabe, mosasamala kanthu za chinthu, mbuyeyu akufuna kugwiritsa ntchito pantchito yake (American, European kapena Russia), makandulo odziwa bwino amalimbikitsa kuyesedwa pang'ono. Komanso ambuye omwe ali ndi zokumana nazo sakulangize oyambayo amayamba zoyeserera zogwirizana, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomwe zimafuna zochitika zina ndi maluso ena.
Zoyenera zocheperako makandulo, malinga ndi ambuye ambiri, ndi zinthu zokongoletsa zamasamba ndi zosakaniza zamasamba (zitsamba zotsekerera, maluwa owuma, zonunkhira). Kugwira ntchito ndi zonunkhira za maguluwa kumachitika makamaka atalandira chidziwitso pamafuta ofunikira.
