Ntchito ya woyendetsa thirakitala ipitilira "pafupifupi zaka zambiri. Achinyamata ambiri amaphunzitsidwa ntchito zaulimi. Lero tilingalire momwe zingakhalire woyendetsa thirakitala, tikambirana za ntchitoyo yokha ndi malo antchito.
Kaonekeswe
Ntchito imeneyi nthawi zonse yakhala yotchuka kwambiri. . Ndipo ngakhale makompyuta athu onse apambana sanapitirize. Ntchito yapa thirakitara ili ndi mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe. Pofuna kudziwa ntchitoyo - ndikofunikira kuti muphunzitse ndikupeza kutumphuka koyenera. Woyendetsa thirakitala thirakitala adawonekera m'ma 30s a zaka zana zapitazi. Ili ndiye dzina la munthu amene amayendetsa matrakitala osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza makina osiyanasiyana apamwamba.
Zochita zimaphatikizapo ochita malonda ambiri omwe amatha kugwira ntchito zingapo. M'dziko lathuli, mafamu ambiri ali ndi zida zakale, kenako ndikusamalira nthawi zonse ndikukonza. Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo chogwira ntchito, oyendetsa thirakitala amapereka cholakwika kapena chofuna kukonza.
Pambuyo pake, malipiro amadalira momwe wogwira ntchitoyo amathandizira kapena ngati akufuna kugwira ntchito.
Madalaivala thirakitala amachita zovuta zonse za ntchito zonse:
- Kutumiza ndi kutsitsa malonda olima, zinthu zosiyanasiyana poti kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi zina zambiri;
- kuwongolera thirakitala yokhala ndi kalavani yomwe imayendetsa katundu;
- Sinthani makina osiyanasiyana azaulimi: Kuchokera ku Grader kupita ku Bulldozer;
- Gwirani ntchito, pomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera;
- Yenderani njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili mu thirakitara;
- Mafuta thirakitara ndi zida zina ndi mafuta ofunikira;
- Ngati ndi kotheka, thirakitara, ma trailer, zida zamisala zimachitika.
Dalaki aliyense woyendetsa thirakitara ayenera kukhala ndi machitidwe angapo aluso:
- Katswiriyo ayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a kutchuka, chifukwa iye angafunikire kuthana ndi ntchito zovuta kwambiri munthawi yochepa;
- Ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yakuthupi, popeza munthu ankagwira ntchito kapena amalumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana;
- khalani ndi maluso okonza magalimoto ndi zida;
- khalani ndi starotor yolondola;
- chidwi ndi zida ndi zida zokuza;
- Aliyense wa ogulitsa ndi olimba, chifukwa amakhala nthawi yayitali kuntchito - pamwamba pa chizoloweziro;
- Wogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi maso ndi maso.
Kugwira ntchito yoyendetsa thirakitala Munthu ayenera kuti amayesedwa kuchipatala chaka chilichonse, chifukwa chake chimatsimikiziridwa kuti amatha kuchita nawo ntchitoyi. Imawonetsanso gawo lakufana pachaka la mwachidule, momwe mungagwirire ntchito ndi makina olima, magawo a zida zamisala. Ntchito za woyendetsa thirakitala zimaphatikizanso kufunika kotsimikizira zida ngati zingagwire ntchito, ndipo ngati pangafunike kukonza. Pali mitundu ingapo ya contraindication, pamaso pa omwe munthu sangathe kugwira ntchito ngati woyendetsa thirakitala. Simungathe kugwira ntchito pa thirakitara, ngati pali matenda a mtima, zombo, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi matenda a masomphenya ndi kumva, kupatuka kwamanjenje.
Ntchito yoyendetsa thirakitala ili ndi maphwando angapo abwino: Malipiro osiyanasiyana azachuma, zomwe zimawonjezera kangapo pakukwaniritsidwa kwa ntchito yoyeretsa. Zina mwa mitsinje ya ntchitoyo, akatswiri amakondwerera udindo wapamwamba. Munthu ayenera kuyankha osati kwa iye yekha, koma kwa ena. Ntchito amatanthauza k. Mwa nyengoyake . M'nyengo yozizira, malipiro amachepetsedwa nthawi zina (poyerekeza ndi chizindikiro cha chilimwe).
The Minus ndiyogwiranso ntchito kosatha. Munthu ayenera kuyesetsa kukonza njirayo.
Kutambasulira kwa ntchito
Ntchito zonse zamagalimoto amalonda zimalembetsedwa pantchito. Zolemba zimamveketsa bwino kuti mumvetsetse zomwe woyendetsa thirakitala ayenera kuyendayenda pantchito yake. Palinso mndandanda wazomwe zimachitika, malangizo ndi malangizo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza ntchito. Malangizo a ntchito adalembetsedwa ndi chidziwitso kuti woyendetsa thirakitala ayenera kukhala nawo, kulembera njirayi, yomwe amakakamizidwa kukhala nayo. Kuyambira chikalatacho chimawonekeratu kuti wogwira ntchito ayenera kupanga vuto la kusweka ndi vuto ladzidzidzi.
Malangizowo ali ndi kufotokozedwa kwa bungwe la malo antchito, kutsatira malamulo a ukhondo. Mitundu ya ntchito yanyumba ya thirakitala ya thirakitala imatchulidwa m'lembali, komanso zomwe katswiri akamachita malangizo otetezeka. Komanso, thirakitala imafuna chidziwitso cha momwe tingaperekere chithandizo chamankhwala. Kutengera malangizowo kuti agwire bwino ntchito, woyendetsa thirakitala ayenera kudziwa malamulo a mseu. Afunikanso kumvetsetsa momwe zinthu zakunja ndi njira zimapangidwira munjira. Katswiri amayenera kuwongolera thirakitala ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zofunika kuti ntchito ikonzedwe. Munthuyo ayenera kukhala ndi maluso a maluso, ayeneranso kuthana ndi zitsulo zamtundu uliwonse.
Woyendetsa thirakitala thirakiti ayenera kuyang'anira anthu ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuyang'anira gulu la ophunzira kapena othandizira. Nthawi yomweyo, katswiriyo amachititsa kuti thanzi lawo likhale ndi thanzi labwino. Malangizowa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pabungwe la olemba ntchito ndi cholinga china, ndiye kuti, amalimbikitsa ndikufotokozera zinthu zomwe zili pa mgwirizano wantchito.
Wogwira ntchitoyo amakhazikitsidwa pantchito yake pantchito yophunzitsira ya ntchito, motero kuti amalimbikira zovuta za ntchito zomwe zalembedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, amapatsidwa ufulu wosangalatsa zomwe apatu.
Chikalatacho chili ndi tanthauzo la mwalamulo. Pamaziko ake, milandu yoweruza ndi oyang'anira milandu imachitika, yomwe nthawi zambiri imakwaniritsidwa mokomera wogwira ntchito.
Ntchito zotulutsa
Pambuyo pophunzitsa, thirakitala imavala mayeso. Adagwira munthu akapeza satifiketi . Zalembedwa mmenemo zidalembedwa kuti katswiri wothetsa kusamalira ntchito, yomwe imaphatikizidwa pantchito yake. Ntchito za diarication thirakitala zimaphatikizapo ntchito zaulimi. Amadziwa kuyendetsa thirakitala, njira yonyamula katundu, imanyamula katundu ndi magalimoto onyamula katundu. Imagwiranso ntchito kukonzanso kwa njira yonse yomwe ilipo.
Amachita katswiri pa ntchito yomweyo yokonzekereratu ukadaulo, momwe ziliri. Komanso amayang'anira zokolola, ndipo mukapeza mavuto, amatsatira. Woyendetsa thirakitala, ngati mupeza odwala omwe ali ndi ziweto, ali ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chodzidzimutsa, pambuyo pake akatswiri azichita ziweto amawauza.
Zojambula za ntchitoyi zimakhala ndi dalaivala wamagalimoto olima maboti 4. Ndi chizolowezi kumutcha - woyendetsa galimoto. Imagwira ntchito mwa njira yolemetsa yolemedwa ndi makina omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa galimoto.
Molunjika pantchito zaulimi. Amapukuta mbewu, mbewu zolima dziko lapansi ndikuchita ntchito zina zonse. Makinawo amagwiritsa ntchito makina ogwirira ntchito, katundu ndikuwatsitsa, amagwira ntchito pagawo laulimi. Angathe kukonzanso njira zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa iye, mafuta ndi mafuta ndi mafuta osiyanasiyana.
Zolaula Amakhazikitsa ma yunifolomu oyendetsa thirakitala. Aliyense pambuyo pake amapatsidwa mogwirizana ndi zotsatira za mayeso oyeserera.
- Satifiketi yoyenerera Magulu 2 Imalola ntchito pa mphamvu yoposa 25.7 kw.
- Pambuyo poyesa mayeso amalandila woyendetsa thirakitala 3 Gulu. Kuyambira pamenepo, ili ndi thirakitala, yokhala ndi injini yokhala ndi 25,7-44,1 kW.
- 4 gulu Imalandira katswiri atalandira satifiketi, yomwe imapereka chilolezo choyendetsa thirakitala ndi njira ina yokhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi 44-73.5 kw.
- Woyendetsa thirakitara 5 kutulutsa Imatha kuyang'anira njira yonse yomwe ili pafamuyo.
- Gulu Amatsimikizira kasamalidwe ka onse ogwira ntchito ndi ukadaulo.
Pulofesa Festandard amapangidwira kuti akatswiri omwe ali ndi mapepala ndi zida zina zaulimi. Limafotokoza ntchito yonse kuti achite katswiri.
Ufulu
Muyezo umatsimikizira wogwira ntchito kuti ateteze zofuna zake ndipo amapereka zinthu momasuka
- Ngati njirayi yasweka, woyendetsa thirakitala amatha kukana;
- Kuthekera kolankhulana kwa wogwira ntchito ndi bukuli, chifukwa choyambirira chinganene chidziwitso chofunikira pazokhudza zochitika zake;
- Kuchokera pa utsogoleri, uthenga ukhoza kulandiridwa za kutengera ndi mapulani, zomwe zimakhudzana mwachindunji ndi zochitika za katswiri;
- Pulogalamu, wolemba ntchitoyo amapereka zida zonse zofunika, zida zotchinga ndi zovala zapadera;
- Wolemba ntchitoyo ayenera kupereka katswiri kuti azigwira ntchito momasuka;
- Kupanga Zolinga Kusintha.
Udindo
Pophwanya malamulo koyamba, wogwira ntchitoyo akhoza kubweretsa chilango chochepa . Pankhani ya kuphwanya mwadongosolo, munthuyo ndi wolangidwa ndikuchotsedwa. Amatha kukhazikitsidwa bwino kukula kwakukulu. Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo akukana kulipira, Chilango chimakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za milanduyi.
Idzagwirizanitsa udindo wa munthu ngati ndawononga njira yogwirira ntchito kapena gawo lina lililonse laulimi. Imatha kupanga antchito mwadala kapena mwangozi. Wogwira ntchito akulangidwa ngati akuphwanya malamulo okhazikitsidwa a chitetezo chamoto kapena chitetezo cha anthu, amatanthauza zida ndi zida, sizikwaniritsa malangizo a olamulira. Katswiriyu amatha kulangidwa pakamwayo kuti amakana kapena sakwaniritsa maudindo ogwirira ntchito, amaphwanya malamulo okhazikitsidwa a kulembetsa mkati mwa bizinesi.
Maphunziro
Mutha kuphunzira kuchokera pa dalaivala wa thirakitala mutamaliza maphunziro a 9 kalasi yasekondale. Phunziro limachitika m'mabungwe apadera a maphunziro. Kuti mupeze woyendetsa thirakitala wapadera, ayenera kuphunzira pano kwa zaka 4. Gululi likhozanso kupatsidwa ntchito yophunzirira m'masukulu ena oyendetsa. Kuti munthu akhale m'gulu lotsatirali, munthu ayenera kumaliza maphunziro apadera. Kuyambiranso kwa miyezi ingapo.
Maphunziro apamwamba ndi muyeso wofunikira . Woyendetsa thirakitara ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mu zaka 3-4. Kuti mupeze gululo, muyenera kudutsa madokotala ena mu malo azachipatala. Pambuyo pake, munthu amalemba mawu oti gwiritsitsani ntchito yaukadaulo ndi makonzedwe omwe amatsimikizira kuti maphunzirowa adutsa bwino ndikudutsa mayeso a mayeso.
Ndikofunikiranso kulipira ntchito ya boma, kenako wopemphayo adapereka satifiketi, yomwe idafotokozedwa ndi gulu lomwe ali nalo ndipo limatha kusamalira.
Malo antchito
Katswiri wa trakitala popanda zokumana nazo pogwira ntchito perekani nthawi yoyeserera . Zotsatira zake, novice ayenera kuwonetsa momwe angalamulire thirakitara. Pachuma, katswiri amapatsidwa ntchito yolambira. Ngati yakhazikitsidwa kuti munthu ali ndi luso logwira ntchito, amagwira ntchito mwalamulo. Nthawi yomweyo imakhazikitsidwa kuchuluka kwa momwe ayenera kugwira ntchito masana.
Tiyenera kudziwika kuti tsiku lakumidzi silinasinthe. Adatsimikiza kuchuluka kwa zomwe ziyenera kuyesetsa. China chilichonse chimalipira. Onse ogwira ntchito ndi kukhazikitsa aliyense wa iwo amayendetsedwa. Katswiriyo adzalima dzikolo, amachita ndi ulamuliro wa wokweza, a Ruckator ndi mitundu ina ya zida. Imakhazikika momwe munthuyo amalimbikitsira komanso zomwe zilango zimayendetsedwa panthawi yomwe ikuphwanya lamulo lotsogolera.
Zimapereka ndalama zingati?
Ku Russia komanso m'gawo la malo osungirako anthu omwe ali ndi Soviet. Ingolipira mosiyana. Atangopeza maphunziro ofunikira, malipiro ang'onoang'ono amasankhidwa ndi katswiri. Pafupifupi, kukula kwake kawirikawiri kumachulukitsa 15-20,000 kutengera dera. Chaka chotsatira, woyendetsa thirakitala ali kale pang'ono. Kenako, kukhala wamoyo wa munthu kukukula, kutengera momwe amachitira bwino ntchito yake ya akatswiri.
Panjira yapakati ya Russia, malipiro wamba mu nyengo amasiyanasiyana kuyambira ma ruble 30 mpaka 50. M'nyengo yozizira, imachepetsa: Katswiri amalandila ma ruble 15 mpaka 20,000. Kumpoto kwa kumpoto, makonda amayendetsa amapezeka kutengera gululo. Oyamba amakhazikitsidwa malipiro a 25,000,000. Ngati munthu adadutsanso ndikulandira satifiketi, adapatsidwa malipiro ambiri. Nthawi zambiri imafikira ma ruble 100,000.
Njira zina zinapangidwa kuti zizitha kudziwa malipiro wamba. Mulingo wa kukwezedwa kwa zinthu zakuthupi zimatengera kuchuluka kwa thirakitara limayendetsa ndi ntchito yake. Zimapereka kuwunika kwa ntchito ya ntchitoyi, yomwe munthu adachitapo nthawi yayitali. Zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa malipiro, chifukwa wantchitoyo adatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji, zomwe zidachita kufulumizitsa kapangidwe kake.
Wolemba ntchito amapereka kafukufuku wofanana ndi katswiri wa katswiri ndi zida ndi zida, amagwirizana ndi malamulo ndi miyambo yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ku bizinesi, palibe kapena osati kuphwanya katswiri. Zonsezi pamwambapa zimapindidwa. Kutsatira malipiro. Ngati woyendetsa thirakitala amapitilira mapulani, makope ndi ntchito zake, zingalimbikitsidwe. Mulingo wa ndalama zolipirira ndalama zimakhazikitsidwa payekhapayekha. Ntchito yamagalimoto a Tractor ndi yotchuka. Akufuna kudziwa ophunzira a maphunziro akuluakulu.
Kukula kwa kutchuka kumayendetsedwa ndi malipiro. Nthawi zambiri imafikira ma ruble 100,000 omwe ali ndi ntchito zoyenera kugwira ntchito zotchulidwa mu Pulofesanda.
