Nkhaniyi idalembedwa mwachidule za ntchito ya zamagetsi. Amawonetsedwa kuposa kusiyana kwa katswiri wolankhulana, wamagetsi wamagetsi pa chinsinsi cha khola, poyesedwa ndi miyezo, komanso ntchito zina.
Kaonekeswe
Ntchito zamagetsi ndi "mwana waukadaulo". Iyo idachokera kumapeto kwa XIX Nyengo ya XIX, pomwe kutalika kwa mizere yamagetsi ikukula mwachangu. Anawonjezera mphamvu ya gululi, osati kutchula mitundu ya zida zolumikizidwa ndi iwo. Ngakhale kuti katswiriyu adapita patsogolo patsogolo poyerekeza ndi koyamba kwa masiku ake, zonse zimayenera kuthetsa ntchito zazikulu ziwiri: kusintha zida ndi zida zamagetsi. Akatswiri othandiza amatha kuthana ndi ntchito ngati imeneyi, nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi ntchito yachitatu - kuthana ndi zochitika zadzidzidzi komanso zotsatira zake.
M'mbuyomu, luso la zamagetsi patchire itagona, pokonza ndi kukonza kulumikizana kuyanjana. Kupatula apo, kwa zaka makumi angapo, mivi ya telegraph inali yomangidwa kwambiri kuti ikhazikike kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kwa chomera choyamba chamagulu osiyanasiyana. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1870s, telephonoy wazaka zomwe adalowa m'moyo, ndipo LPS yoyamba idapeza mu 1891 yokha. Ngakhale palibe aliyense amene amagwiritsa ntchito telegraph, ndipo telefoni yobisika yakhalidwe imataya kufunika kwake, palibe akatswiri pantchito yolumikizirana siikhala. Nthawi zonse zimayenera kupanga kuyesetsa kukulitsa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwira:
- mafoni oyang'anira mafoni;
- Kugawika kwa Wi-Fi;
- mandimu ndi wailesi yakanema, obwereza;
- ntchito ndi njira zolumikizirana;
- Zida zina ndi zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito luso kapena zingwe.
Zomwe sizofunika, Ntchito zake zimayenera kuchita mwachangu komanso momveka bwino. Ngakhale miniti yowonjezera, pomwe wina sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana mwachizolowezi, ali ndi mtengo wokwera kwambiri, nthawi zina umangoyesedwa osati ndalama zokha, komanso nthawi zina, thanzi komanso moyo. Palibe ntchito yaying'ono m'dziko lamakono, komabe, akusewera mayeso ndi muyeso wamagetsi. Imayang'ana momwe iwo kapena magawo ena akulu ndi amkati a Grid Grid. Chifukwa nthawi zonse amakhala m'manja mwamphamvu kwambiri, kulandira zida zapadera komanso zida zapadera zofunika.
Kuphatikizidwa kwa mayesero omwe adachitika kumatsimikizika osati kokha mwa ma netiweki kapena zida, komanso ndi kuchotsera kumwazi. Njira yotsimikizira nthawi zambiri imaphatikizapo kutalika, nthawi zina ngakhale zopitilira zopindika, magetsi. Munthawi yotereyi, ndizotheka kudziwa momwe msewuwuwokha umagwira ntchito ndipo ngati njira yotetezedwa ndiyodalirika. Gawo lodziwika bwino la ntchitoyo, chifukwa sizovuta kumvetsetsa, zimadutsa panja, ndipo nthawi zina zimakhala kutalika. Mlandu wamba umachokanso kapena kutuluka kumadera akutali.
Katswiri wogawa ndi wokhawo katswiri amene ntchito yake imachepetsa kufunikira kofunafuna kukonza ndi ntchito zadzidzidzi. Sadzangotumikirani mitengo yokhayo, komanso:
- switchgera;
- Kusintha kwa Transformation;
- njira yotchingira komanso chitetezo chake;
- Zomangira zomangira.
Chofunika pamakampani amadzitalika magetsi (kutumiza zida ndi kanema wailesi yakanema). Amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka, ndikofunikira kuyika mbali, mbali za zigawo zigawozi nthawi zonse, zimawajambula pamaso pa mayendedwe ambiri.
Akatswiriwa ali ndi zosemphana ndi zapadera zomwe zimatsimikizira ziyeneretso zawo. Mndandanda wa chidziwitso ndi maluso ofunikira amatha kupezeka m'makalata obwereza.
Kutambasulira kwa ntchito
Maudindo
Yemwe ali ndi positi ya zida zamagetsi pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zamagetsi ayenera kudziwa:
- Zoyambira zamagetsi zamagetsi;
- chipangizo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana (mitundu) yamagetsi ndi makonzedwe;
- Mfundo ndi zigawo zoyambira zamagetsi;
- chipangizo cha madongosolo owongolera ndi kuzimitsa mwadzidzidzi;
- Njira zamagetsi komanso moto;
- chida ndi njira zogwiritsira ntchito zida zoyezera;
- Njira yokonza ntchito yokonza.
Zochita zazikuluzikulu za ogwira ntchito ngati:
- Kupeza ntchito (zovala) pa ntchito yogwirira ntchito;
- Kukonza mphamvu, kuyatsa, nthawi zina mizere yamagetsi yotsika;
- Kuyendera kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa mizere yopatsidwa, zida ndi gawo loyandikana;
- kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa kuperewera kwa zakudya komanso kuchotsedwa kwawo, ngati zingatheke;
- Sungani dongosolo ndi ukhondo m'malo antchito;
- Kukhazikitsa kwa magetsi ang'onoang'ono pokweza zida kapena kulowetsa mwadzidzidzi.
Ngati makina amagetsi ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera pogwira ntchito ndi moto ndi moto alamu gulu la 4, maudindo ake ogwirira ntchito adzakhala osiyana. Katswiri woterowo amakakamizidwa kukhazikitsa (phiri) ndikukhazikitsa zida zonyansa za heteroge. Zimafotokoza kapangidwe kake, kuchuluka ndi mtundu wina ndi mtundu wonse. Mukamasankha ndi kuchita ntchito, muyenera kuganizira chinyontho, fumbi ndi zinthu zina zothandizira. Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira:
- Tumikirani ndikusintha alkaline, acid ndi mabatire a liriyeli-ion;
- Onani momwe amagwirira ntchito ndi mizere yoyera yonse;
- Dziwani zifukwa zomwe kachitidweko sikugwirira ntchito kapena nthawi zambiri kumapereka mayankho abodza;
- Alangizeni anthu ena momwe angagwiritsire ntchito alamu.
Pulofesanda amapangidwanso kuti agawidwe. M'mayiko apakati, nambala 20.032 imasungidwa kumbuyo kwawo. Nthawi zambiri katswiriyu amachita izi:
- Kukhazikitsa kwakukulu ndikutumiza pa ma network omwe ali ndi kulolera;
- Zogwirira ntchito zothandiza pomwe palibe mwayi wopezeka magetsi (malinga ndi malangizo a anthu ovomereza komanso pansi pa chitsogozo chawo);
- Zida zoyenera kukonza mikangano osiyanasiyana;
- Kukonza makina ogawika;
- ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira yosavuta;
- Kuyeretsa ndi kuyanika mafuta pa makonzedwe apaini;
- Ntchito ya compressor ndi ukadaulo wa vacuum.
Ufulu
Magetsi ali ndi mphamvu zofunikira . Makamaka, ali ndi ufulu wopanga zosankha zodziyimira pamabanja. Alinso ndi mwayi wopita maphunziro ophunzirira komanso maphunziro apamwamba ophunzitsira. Monga ogwira ntchito ena, zimapangidwanso kuti apangitse malingaliro, momwe mungasinthire ntchito ya bungweli, komanso kufuna kulandira zikalata ndi zida zofunika kuchita pakuchita kwawo.Pomaliza, ndizotheka kukwaniritsa zinthu zoyenera kuchita.
Udindo
Ntchito ndi ziphuphu zina zimakhazikitsidwa pamakonera makoma a magetsi ngati ali:
- Osakwaniritsa (koma mofanananso zidzachitika mosakwanira kapena osakhala ndi nthawi) ntchito zake zazikulu;
- Osakwaniritsa madongosolo a oyang'anira omwe ali ndi luso lawo;
- Lamulo Lachilamulo;
- adzawononga zakuthupi;
- sadzawonedwa kuti akugwira ntchito ndi malangizo oteteza;
- idzachitika ndikupatuka kwa mitengo yamoto;
- Kusokeretsa kwambiri pantchito yanu komanso zotsatira zake.
Chidziwitso ndi Luso
Mosasamala kanthu za kusanja kwa magetsi, zofunikira ndizofanana kapena zochepa. Onse ofuna kudikirira akudikirira kuti athe kumvetsetsa mfundo za chinthu cha magetsi opanga magetsi ndi zochulukirapo pantchito zamitundu ya mitundu. Komanso, gawo lofunikira limaseweredwa:
- Kudziwa zodzitamandika zodzitamanda za zida zowerengera ma nduna, zida za Cilamment;
- kukhala ndi othandizira othawa moto;
- kuthekera kupereka thandizo choyamba mukamagundana ndi kuwotchera;
- kutsatira gulu lina la chitetezo chamagetsi;
- kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoteteza;
- maluso oyang'anira mphamvu;
- Kukhala ndi zovuta zina zokhudzana.
Maphunziro
Maphunzirowa ofunikira kwa ambuye am'madzi amachitika pafupifupi mabungwe pafupifupi 80 maphunziro a Russia. Maudindo abwino, malinga ndi akatswiri, ali ndi:- Moscow Colle Colleng, kapangidwe ndi kubwezeretsa;
- Polytechnic College ku Yunivesite ya Peter;
- Dipatimenti Yophunzitsira yachiwiri yophunzitsira ya Agrarini ya Agrari ya Novosibirsk.
Kupititsa patsogolo ziyeneretso, ndibwino kulowa mu Institute kapena yunivesite kuti apange injiniya wamagetsi. Izi zikukula kwambiri mwayi wa luso laukadaulo poyerekeza ndi maphunziro apadera. Chitsogozo Chabwino:
- University State University;
- Mei;
- boma la Kurgan;
- Fefu;
- Yunivesite ya St. Petersburg;
- OMGTU;
- KUBAN AGRARIY University;
- Kuzbass Tacuntain University.
Zosiyana ndi chiyani ndi kuyika kwamagetsi?
Kusiyana pakati pa akatswiriwa kumawoneka. Magetsi makamaka amagwira ntchito yomwe idapangidwa kale ndi mizere yamagetsi yamagetsi, grids wamphamvu yam'deralo ndi zida. Koma sizimakupirira nthawi zonse ngati mukufuna ku ma Networks kapena zida kuchokera ku zikwangwani. Zikatero, zokopa zamagetsi zimakopeka.
Iwo ndi othandizira atayika, ndipo mawaya amatambalala; Pokhapokha ngati milandu yosowa, mbiri inayo imadutsana.
Malo antchito
Magetsi atha kugwira ntchito:- pakukonza ndi kusintha kwa zida zamagetsi zamphamvu za magetsi ndi ma networks;
- pa kukonza magawo owonjezera akutali (kuchokera ku chomera champhamvu);
- Pa kampani yoyang'anira;
- m'gulu lomanga;
- pa siteshoni ya sitima;
- Monga gawo la ntchito yoyendetsa telefoni;
- m'nyanja ndi mitsinje madoko;
- m'mabungwe a pa TV;
- pa ailesi (onse ofunikira ndi ofunikira);
- Mabizinesi opanga mafakitale ndi ulimi.
Zimapereka ndalama zingati?
Malipiro amatengera gawo lokhalo la Russia, komanso pamlingo wa ziyeneretso. Pafupifupi mulingo wa dzikolo ndi ma ruble 30,000. M'madera akum'mawa komanso kumpoto kwambiri amalipira ma ruble 70-80,000.
M'malo ena, zinthu zili motere:
- Kumwa kugwira ntchito ku Khanty-Mansuysk kapena ku Yatutia, zamagetsi zitha kugwira ntchito kwa 60000;
- Kulipira pamwezi pa Sakatalin, m'gawo la Krasnoyarsk nthawi zambiri limafikira 50,000;
- M'mafamu a muunicipal, amalipira mumzinda uliwonse pokhapokha 25-30% amaposa malipiro ochepera;
- Malipiro a Metropolitan Averopolitan pazachinsinsi - kuyambira ma ruble 50 mpaka 55, munyumba ndi zothandizira - kuchokera ku Ruble 20,000 (kwa akatswiri a 2).
