Dzikoli ladziko lonse limatanthawuza maubwenzi ambiri pakati pa anthu osiyanasiyana ndipo mayiko - popanda mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi m'magawo onse a anthu, tikadapitilizabe kukula kwa zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa. Tsopano simudzadabwitsidwa aliyense amene amadziwa zilankhulo ziwiri kapena zitatu, ndipo pali ena omwe amatchulidwa kwambiri polyglot.
Komabe, zonse zili pamlingo wa cololoquali, kuthana ndi mavuto azabanja, ndipo pambuyo pa zonse, anthu amafunikira anthu omwe angapite kukaphunzira zilankhulo zakunja. Ngakhale oyimira akatswiri angapo akuchita izi, akatswiri a zilankhulo pakati pawo amasewera chimodzi mwazigawo zofunika kwambiri.
Ameneyo ndi ndani?
Mpaka pano, lingaliro la kalankhule limakhala ndi anthu ambiri, koma nthawi zambiri sizili zowona, zolakwika. Makamaka, katswiriyu nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi womasulira kapena mphunzitsi wakunja. Ndipo ngakhale kuti zilankhulo zitha kupanga ndalama pazomwe zimachitika pamitundu iyi ya kukonzekera kwake ndi ina. Malinga ndi tanthauzo, lilankhulo ndilankhulo, ndiye kuti, munthu wokhala ndi mtundu wasayansi wophunzira chilankhulo, kapangidwe kake, amayambira, amayambira, amayambira.
Zachidziwikire, katswiri woterowo amakhala ndi chilankhulo kapena zilankhulo zomwe zimapangitsa, koma maudindo ake ndi kuwunika chilankhulo, osati kutanthauzira chabe. Mbiri ya ntchitoyi imayendanso zakale kuposa masiku amenewo pamene akatswiri alankhulo adayamba kutcha akatswiri a zilankhulo. Kuwerenga mfundo za mapangidwe ndi chitukuko cha zilankhulo, anthuwa adayimirira pa chiyambi cha kuchokera kwa zolembedwa komanso malamulo omasulira. M'mbuyomu, anthu oterowo amatha kuwerengedwa zala zawo ngakhale m'maiko okulirapo, ndipo lero akhala ochulukirapo, koma osatinso zochuluka kwambiri kotero kuti Phululo kapena womasulira amatchedwa alagini.
Ntchito yaluso ndi yotere yomwe kutali ndi aliyense amene angachite bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi. Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi zinthu zingapo ndi mawonekedwe, zomwe zili zotsatirazi:
- Kukumbukira zokongola zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wosunga mawu akuluakulu komanso mtundu wina wothandiza pamutu panga;
- Kumva bwino kumathandizira kulanda zobisika za phokoso;
- Nthawi zambiri komanso kuleza mtima - mawonekedwe ofunikira kwa onse omwe akuchita zachiwerewere;
- Chidwi, kugwirizana ndi malingaliro ogwirizana ndi luso lowunikirana zimapangidwa kuti zithandizire kuzindikira osati mawonekedwe owonekera kwambiri;
- Kutha kufotokoza momveka bwino malingaliro awo - kumakupatsani mwayi kufotokoza zomwe zimazungulira malingaliro awo, kuti afotokozere zomwe omvera amafunsidwa.
Kodi chosiyana ndi chiyani kwa wacisciologist?
Pamwambapa, tinakumana ndi vuto loti mzere womveka bwino pakati pa zipembedzo ndi wacionelogist sizowonekeratu kwa mitandayi, ndipo kwa ambiri omwe amafunsira izi ndizakumva kuti akufuna kukhala ndi vuto liti. Kuti mumvetsetse kusiyana kwanu musanapereke moyo wanu pantchito inayake, ndikofunikira, ndipo ndithu tili okonzeka kuthandizanso kudziwa fanizo la Chikondwererochi.
Tiyeni tiyambire Mulankhulo ndi wapadera womwe dzina lake limachokera ku "chilankhulo" cha Chilatini. Awa ndi mabuku ali mu mawonekedwe ake oyera - amakonda chinenerocho komanso, koma m'mbali zake zochepa. Munthu wotere ndi wokondweretsa chifukwa choona chilankhulo ndi ubale wake ndi zilankhulo zokhudzana, kukula kwa zilankhulo, mapangidwe ndi mawonekedwe a chinenerocho.
Chingwe chazilankhulo chimayang'ana pa gulu la zilankhulo, zilankhulo za munthu aliyense, zilankhulo zomwe zimapangitsa chidwi cha sayansi zitha kukhala syntax kapena galamala. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu za munthu wotere ndikupanga mfundo zomasulira komanso kuphunzitsa zachikhalidwe (komanso mlendo), komanso popanga zolemba ndi mawu otanthauzira mawu.
Ziribe kanthu momwe zodabwitsazi, sizinali, koma chalankhulo ndi "Techny" mdziko la anthu apadera ozunzidwa.
Mawu oti "wopembedza" amamasulira ku Chigriki ngati "wokonda mawu" ndipo amalankhula za kukhazikika kwa katswiri. Katswiriyu nthawi zambiri amasangalala ndi chilankhulo chimodzi, ndipo amaphunzira kuti sizambiri kwambiri, monga momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito - momwemo, wazafalayo ndiwosangalatsa kwalemba ndi zikhalidwe zomwe amasiyidwa ndi omwe amasiyidwa. Phiricitallogy ndi munthu mmiliridwe wokhala ndi munthu wangwiro, imawona chilankhulo monga mbali yakuti zokhudzana ndi mbiriyo ndi mbiri yakale.
Kuwona kwa kusiyana pakati pa akatswiri awiriwo, ngati muwafunsa akatswiriwo, atha kukhala ndi mtundu woyenera, koma nthawi zambiri zingakhale zolondola kunena kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist anganene kuti Linglist ikunena kuti Linglist ndiyosavuta kulowa m'malo a Finistlogist kuposa izi. Malingaliro abwino a chilankhulochi akuwonetsa chitsanzo chotsatirachi: Akatswiri a zilankhulo amangolankhula modekha ndi mawu achilendo, chifukwa amamvetsetsa kuti chilankhulo chilichonse chimadutsa mogwirizana ndi zilankhulo zina, ndikusilira bwino, ndipo izi ndi zomwe zimachitika. zinthu zowerengera zilankhulo..
Ponena za akatswiri a mafilimu, chifukwa chaiwo ndi nkhani yovuta - nthawi zonse amakhala othandizira kuletsa chilankhulo kapena kufalikira kwa mawuwa komanso kuwonongedwa Zodziwika kuti, kuphunzira zomwe adapereka moyo wawo wonse.
Zabwino ndi zovuta
Kuwunika ntchitoyi kuchokera kumbali, osaphika "m'mabwalo a akatswiri, ndizovuta, chifukwa ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti akatswiri ali ndi lingaliro laubwino komanso miyala yopanda pake ya ntchito yake . Akatswiri a zilankhulo, komanso nthumwi za wina wapadera uliwonse, amakumana ndi zabwino komanso zovuta za ntchito yawo, ndipo ayenera kulankhula za iwo mosiyana.
Ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusankha zilankhulo monga luso lanu:
- Malo - Ngakhale kuti maluso anzeru anzeru komanso omasulira osiyanasiyana pa intaneti, anthu amakhala kutali kwambiri kuti asamachite zilankhulo, pomwe chitukuko chadziko lonse lapansi chikufunika kulankhulana;
- Zosiyanasiyana Zopezeka - Kupeza zilankhulo zakunja, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chathu mosiyana, chophunzitsidwa ndi ophunzira, omwe amafalitsa mabuku ndi mafilimu, kupanga zolemba ndi zina zotero;
- Mwayi wa malipiro owonjezeredwa - Masiku ano, akatswiri ambiri sagwira ntchito zapadera, koma okayikira kuti ali ndi zilankhulo zakunja pafupifupi gawo lililonse limapangitsa kuti antchito akhale ofunika kwambiri.
- mwayi wogwira ntchito m'makampani akunja - Kulankhula mwachidwi chilankhulo chakunja, wolankhulika ndi zilankhulo zomwe wayamba samangidwa kudziko lakwawo, m'malo mwake amatha kugwira ntchito m'mabuku amtundu wakunja kapena kusamukira kudziko lina la makampani;
- Malingaliro Omwe Amakhala Pamagulu - Ngati simukufuna kugwirira ntchito mabwana amodzi, mutha kusintha masheya okhwima m'malo mwake, kuphunzitsa ophunzira kutali kapena kugulitsa maphunziro ophunzitsira, amatsogolera blog yolakwika pa mangopology;
- mwayi wolankhulana ndi alendo amakupatsani mwayi wopitilira mliri, ukhale wosangalatsa komanso munthu wamkulu wa Eridi;
- Palibenso chifukwa chophunzira kwathunthu kuyambira pachiwonetsero Pambuyo pa nthawi yayitali pambuyo pomaliza maphunziro - Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi chidziwitso chokwanira, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, munthu amene ali kale ndi chilankhulo china, amakhala kosavuta kuphunzira yachiwiri.
Zomwe zili pamwambazi zimatha kubweretsa kuti ntchito ya zilankhulo ndi yabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi, koma ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti zovuta ndizotheka pano. V Kuchokera momwe ntchitoyo amakayikira kuchokera kwa akatswiri ochita zilankhulo:
- Zofunikira kwambiri pamsika wa antchito - Ndili ndi matekinoloje amakono komanso mwayi woyendayenda anthu ambiri komanso ochulukirapo amasankha ntchito yopepuka komanso yosangalatsa, ndikupanga mpikisano waukulu;
- Zofunikira Kwambiri - Ufulu woyenda mdziko lapansi umatsogolera kuti mabwana omwe angakhale ndi katswiri womaliza maphunziro okha, koma munthu amene ali ndi nthawi yayitali m'chilengedwe;
- Mulingo wotsika kumapeto - Popanda kukhala ndi luso lokhalabe mu chinenerochi, ndipo m'mbuyomu chilankhulo chodziwikiratu popanda mbiri silingathe kugwirira ntchito "zokoma" ndipo amakakamizidwa kukwatiwa ndi malipiro achiwiri ndi malipiro ochepa;
- Kufunika kwa maphunziro apamwamba kwambiri opanga ntchito yochititsa chidwi - Nthawi zambiri osakwanira kukhala azilankhulo, chifukwa abwana akufuna kuti mukhale mtolankhani, wasayansi wandale, wazamalamulo, wachuma kapena woyang'anira wachuma;
- mavuto - Kuchokera kwa zilankhulo nthawi zambiri kumafuna kukhazikika kwakukulu komanso kufunitsitsa kubweretsa zotsatira zake mwachangu, makamaka ngati ikugwira ntchito yomasulira, ndipo zokumana nazo za katundu ndi katundu woterezi zimatha kukhala wathanzi pa psyche;
- Kupanga ntchito - Iyi ndi vuto lolowera, koma ambiri mwa ntchito ya zilula ingaoneke ngati yotopetsa pakapita nthawi;
- Malo osakhazikika - Maupangiri a Limewist nthawi zambiri amabwera mosagwirizana, nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito kwambiri, kusinthana ndi masitepe okakamizidwa, zomwe sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito kutchuthi kwathunthu, chifukwa sizikudziwika kuti zidzakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji;
- Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa akatswiri osagwirizana - kukhala ndi chilankhulo kale ndikuyang'anizana ndi kufunika kofunafuna ntchito, katswiri wachichepere angadziwike kuti sikunachitike ku zochitika zasayansi kapena zophunzitsa, komanso sakufuna kuti makasitomala azigwira ntchito ufulu.
Gulu lazilankhulo
Ngakhale chilankhulo ndilo chapadera, pali madera ambiri okonda sayansi omwe amapanga akatswiri omwe amawapangitsa kukhala m'dera locheperako. Palibe chomwe chimakhala chofanana ndi akatswiri azachipatala omwe amapezekapo kulibe, ndipo m'njira zambiri, luso lobisika limatengera zomwe mukufuna kuchita ndikuchita moyo wonse. Chifukwa chake, wina amadzipereka ku gulu lonse la chilankhulo, kukhala buku, dokotala wa alonda, a ku Mongolia, ndipo wina amayang'ana pachilankhulo chimodzi ngati fusists, arabitis kapena mabwinja.
Mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri pachilankhulo kapena gulu la ziyankhulo monga pachilankhulo china. Pali zigawo za Asmano, katswiri ndi mafoni, omwe amaphunzirira, motsatana, ma semaology ndi matchula a zilankhulo zingapo zokhudzana. Pali malangizo ena ambiri pophunzira zilankhulo, zomwe zinali zamakhalidwe, cogvist, zingwe ndi magwiridwe antchito.
Kupatula, Mutha kusiyanitsa akatswiri a zilankhulo kuchokera pakuwona mtundu wa otanthauzira omwe angakhale. Mwachitsanzo, palibe womasulira wa "mbiri wamba" sangathe kumasulira njira zamakhalidwe moyenera - chifukwa izi mumafunikira katswiri wa masamu komanso chilankhulo chimodzi mwa munthu m'modzi. Pakompyuta ndi Zithunzi zochulukirapo zimafunikira kuti zikhale zopitilira muyeso m'matanthauzidwe a ukadaulo wa ukadaulo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri tsopano chifukwa cha oimira maluso ambiri.
Ngati chilankhulo chogwirizana sichimakhala ndi matembenuzidwe, koma chimakhala ndi chiphunzitso cha chikondi, chikhoza kukhala cholimba ngati mphunzitsi.
Maudindo
Udindo weniweni wa zilankhulo zitha kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo enieni a ntchito ndi maudindo - takhudzanso mutu wamomwe mungapangire ntchito mutalandira ntchito. Komabe, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ziyankhulo ngati chapadera zimatsimikizira kuti muyenera kuchita zinthu zina kapena kusakonzekeseka kuti zikhale maudindo anu tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuti tichite ntchito ngati izi, titenga izi:
- Pangani ndi kupanga mabuku otanthauzira mawu - mitundu yonse yakale (chilankhulo chamayiko komanso chinenero chamayiko) ndi thesaurus;
- Pangani ma algorithms ndikupanga kumasulira kokha komanso njira zosinthira mawu;
- Kutenga nawo mbali popanga matekinoloje omwe amatilola kuti timasulire mawu kuchokera pachinenedwe chimodzi kupita ku wina popanda kutenga nawo mbali kwa womasulira;
- kuchita nawo zochitika zofufuzira munjira zapadera.
Ponena za ntchito yomangirira kuntchito, nthawi zina sitimayo imayeneranso kutanthauzira zolembedwa ndi pakamwa (kuphatikizapo synchronoronoronoronoronoronorly), lembani malangizo omasulira, lembani magwiridwe antchito kapena mapulogalamu a zilankhulo.
Maphunziro
Zilankhulo - zapadera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, ndipo sizoyenera kusokonezedwa ndi chilankhulo choyenerera ndi munthu aliyense, yemwe ali ndi zilankhulo zakunja komanso mmodzi wakunja. Ndi Kukhala ndi zokomera zilankhulo zingapo sikokwanira kulingalira mwakanema, chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kukhala ndi mwayi wokhala pawokha - Komanso, sizikuyembekezeredwa kukhala lazilazila ngati abwera pambuyo pa kalasi 9. Ngati mukuwona dzina lophunzirira, lotchedwa College of Zilankhulo zakunja, khalani okonzekera kuti awa ndi maphunziro a chilankhulo wamba omwe samakupangitsani womasulira. Pali malo ofanana ndi Moscow pomwe ndimalandira, komanso imabalanso aphunzitsi, osati akatswiri a zilankhulo.
Ku Russia, kuti ndikhale chilankhulo m'njira yathunthu, ndikofunikira kulowa mayunivepin. Maluso, pomwe amakonzera akatswiri otere amatha kutchedwa mosiyanasiyana - chilankhulo (moyenera), kumasulira, zachifilimu kapena zachiwerewere. Khalani okonzekera kuti si aliyense amene amamaliza maphunziro awo omwe ali ndi luso la zilankhulo ndilo ndendende. Momwemonso, tchulani mwayi wophunzira kuchokera kwa wolemba zilankhulo mu bungwe lililonse la maphunziro. Ngati kapangidwe ka bungwe la maphunziro kumapereka mwayi wophunzirira "chilankhulo", ndiye izi zikhala zomwe mukufuna.
Malinga ndi malamulo omwe alipo, kuvomerezedwa ku bungwe la kafukufuku wa Russia kumatanthauza kufunika kotenga mayeso pamitu yomwe imawerengedwa kuti ndi mbiri. Monga lamulo, ndikofunikira kudutsa Chirasha, chilankhulo china chakunja ndi maphunziro azachikhalidwe.
Komabe, kudalira panjira zitatu izi sikofunika - mmalo muyenera kulumikizana ndi yunivesite ya pasadakhale, yomwe imasankhidwa kuti muvomereze, ndikuwafotokozera zomwe ofunsira akuikidwa pamenepo.
Zimagwira kuti?
Yunivesite ya yunivesite, yophunzitsa zilankhulozo zimapereka chiyembekezo chotakata chopeza ntchito, chifukwa chitha kugwira ntchito kapena bizinesi iliyonse yomwe imakhala ndi malingaliro ochepa kwambiri ku zilankhulo zakunja kapena macheza apadziko lonse lapansi. Chosavuta komanso chodziwikiratu, kusankha kwapafupi ndi sukulu komwe mungaphunzitse zochitika, ngakhale akatswiri ambiri amaphunzitsa pa intaneti, akutsogolera pabulogu kapena magulu akutali.
Kuphatikiza apo, malo ogwirira ntchito akhoza kukhala:
- Matembenuzidwe omasulira, komanso media adagwira ntchito yosamutsa makina akunja ndi zolemba pa intaneti;
- Mayunivesite ndi mabungwe omwe amafunikira antchito ophunzitsidwa bwino;
- Mayanjano apadziko lonse lapansi, mayanjano ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, amafuna kuti alankhulidwe moyenera kuti afotokozere bwino m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana;
- Ma hotelo, malaibulale ndi nyumba zakale.
Zimapereka ndalama zingati?
Malipiro azilankhulo ndi nambala yoyipa, chifukwa katswiri aliyense aliyense amenewa ndi mtundu wa chidutswa cha chidutswa. Supuni yotseguka mtundu uwu momveka bwino, pasadakhale ntchito zodziwikiratu kulibe, koma ndi mndandanda wa mndandanda wa ntchito zomwe zimatengera zomwe zili zokonzeka kulipira abwana. Apanso, akatswiri ambiri a zilankhulo amagwira ntchito yosangalatsa nthawi zonse, kenako, ndipo chilichonse chimadalira katswiri wa katswiri wa katswiri, ndipo izi ndi phindu lomwe silinachitike.
Kupereka lingaliro lalikulu la malipiro a chilankhulo, tidzadutsa ntchito zokhudzana. Womasulira novice omwe sanachite nawo modetsa ndipo akugwira ntchito kubululuu ndi zilankhulo zofala, sizokayikitsa kuti sizingawerengere malipiro kuposa ma ruble 20-40 pamwezi pamwezi. Malipiro wamba a mphunzitsi wa sukulu ku Russia ndi ma ruble 41. M'magawo onse awiriwa, chilichonse chimadaliranso dera, chifukwa palibe chinsinsi choti ku Moscow kapena Satersburg Salalaes amakhala okwera kwambiri kuposa m'chigawo.
Thandizo Labwino Kupititsa Malipiro atha kukhala ndi zilankhulo zocheperako kapena zosonyeza, ngati simumangodzidalira, ngati simumangodziletsa, zingakhale zowonjezera 15-20 zikwi zochulukirapo. Ntchito ya zilankhulo mu izi-sipakutiru zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza zitunda zokwana zikwi makumima 50,000 komanso kupitilira apo, amapezanso omasulira ena.
Kugwira ntchito kunthambi ya ku Russia ya kampani yayikulu, imodzi imatha kupitilira mozama za malipiro a Russia.
