Pafupifupi tsiku lililonse timakumana ndi ntchito yogulitsa, kuchezera chakudya kapena malo ogulitsira ena. Ntchitoyi ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Zakuti wogulitsa ayenera kuchitika, komanso maudindo ovomerezeka komanso ogwiritsira ntchito masiku ano.
Ameneyo ndi ndani?
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti mawu oti "wogulitsa" adawonekera m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku mu zaka za XIX. Munthawi imeneyi, mabizinesi adayamba kutseguka ku Russia ndi mayiko ena, omwe anali kuchita malonda. Mu 1810, pomwe maphunziro oyamba a sayansi ya malonda adatsegulidwa ku Moscow, maphunziro a akatswiri amayamba mu mafakitale awa. Ntchito ya wogulitsa ndizovuta kutchula. Izi zitha kuwoneka kokha kuchokera kumbali. Ogwira ntchito pa sitolo amapanga zofunika pabwino, osangogulitsa katundu ndi kulandira ndalama zake.
Ngati mukuwona kulongosola za ntchitoyi, ndiye zikuwonetsa kuti Wogulitsa ndi munthu amene akugwira ntchito yogulitsa ndikupereka ndalama zingapo kwa wogula. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi Kumaliza kwa malonda aluso komanso apamwamba, kufunsa pazinthu, kutsimikiza kwa mtengo wake ndi kunenepa. Wogwira ntchito uyu amakakamizidwa kudziwa malonda omwe amaperekedwa ndipo amatha kukhala osamveka komanso opezeka kwa ogula pazomwe amapezeka, komanso zolakwa zomwe zingachitike.
Iyenera kulimbikitsa zinthuzo, thandizo posankha, onetsani zinthu, kupereka mikhalidwe yopambana kwambiri yazomwe zasankhidwa.
Wogulitsayo, ayenera kukhala ndi luso la luso la makompyuta, athe kumvetsetsa mapulogalamu (ngati ali ndi kampani), komanso amatha kugwira ntchito ndi banki kapena makhadi a ngongole. Ntchito zake ndi Onani zomwe zimagulitsa malonda, sinthani kulondola kwa mitengo pamitengo, komanso kutenga nawo mbali pazowerengera . Ntchitoyi imapereka kugawa kwa ziyeneretso zake. Kuyesera kukweza mulingo wanu waluso, kuyambira wogulitsa wachichepere, kusunthira kwa wogulitsa ndi wogulitsa wamkulu, mutha kuyenda m'malo olamulira, mutu. Dipatimenti kapena mutu wa bizinesi yogulitsa izi.
Kuganizira za ntchitoyi, wogulitsa ayenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yofunikira. Kusowa kwawo sikungalole munthu kwa nthawi yayitali pantchito iyi. Makhalidwe ofunikira kwa wofunsayo akuphatikiza:
- kukhazikika kwamalingaliro ndi kusamala;
- Kukonzekera kunyamula udindo wonse kusankha zochita kapena zochita zopangidwa;
- Kukonzekera kwa wogwira ntchito kuti akule ndi kukonza zakumwa zanu;
- Kuthekera kosinthana, kukoma mtima.
Komanso njira zofunika ndi Kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso kupezeka kwa kukumbukira kwabwino . Anthu ambiri ndi ovuta kuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi wogulitsa, popanda kukhala ndi chomuchitikira. Atamaliza maphunziro ofunikira, ataphunzira zofunikira zonse zomwe zimaperekedwa kuti azigwira ntchito, ataphunzira za ntchito yovomerezeka, mutha kulemba bwino kuti ayambenso kugwira ntchito yosungirako.
Kuwunikira ntchito
Ntchito ya wogulitsa lero ikhoza kuyitanidwa imodzi. Monga ntchito iliyonse, ali ndi maubwino ena ndi zovuta zina. Ntchitoyi imatha kukhazikitsidwa kuti ikhale ndi makwerero. Pali maulendo angapo pantchito iyi - kuchokera kwa wogulitsa zakudya kapena zosakhala chakudya kwa manejala kapena munthu amene amatenga zokambirana zosiyanasiyana.
Pochita nkhaniyi, munthu amayamba kulimba mtima komanso ochezeka, amayamba kukonza maluso olankhulirana ndi anthu osakanikirana, amamvetsetsa katundu ndi ntchito zomwe zidaperekedwa pamsika. Phindu limaphatikizapo kukhazikika komanso kutanthauza ntchito. Ngakhale potseka bizinesi yogulitsa, ogwira ntchito yabwino kwambiri amatha kupeza yatsopano, yabwino yokhayokha.
Pakati pa zovuta zomwe zimadziwika Kutopa kwambiri, komanso kufunikira kolumikizana ndi anthu nthawi zina osasangalatsa komanso amanjenje. Chifukwa chake, kukana kupsinjika ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pantchito yamakono.
Mosasamala kanthu kuti amagwira ntchito ku golosale, cafe, kuphika kapena mu dipatimenti ya confectional, ayenera kukhala ndi maluso abwino kwambiri, kuti mukhale ndi anthu kuti aikidwe.
Kupanga kwa wogwira ntchito ku bizinesi yogulitsa kumadalira mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa. Izi ndi monga:
- Ogulitsa adachita malonda kugulitsa zakudya (zopangidwa);
- Wogulitsa malonda omwe samagulitsa zakudya, nsapato, ukadaulo, mabuku, zodzikongoletsera ndi zina zokongola.;
- Cashiers akulandila ndalama kuti apereke katundu wopereka cheke chomwe chikukhudzidwa ndi zolemba zina;
- Omwe Othandizira Ogulitsa akuthandizira alendo kuti asankhe chisankho, akunena za zomwe timakonda, za zokwezeka zomwe zimachitika m'sitolo;
- Oyang'anira Cashier Oyang'anira Kufunafuna Mavuto Osowa Pachipinda Chachipinda.
Wolamulirayo, monga wochita seruer, amagwira ntchito pa cashier, komanso ma lipoti ndi katundu. Ogulitsa m'masitolo akugwirizanitsa maulalo pakati pa katundu ndi ogula. Amachita ntchito zina zomwe zimafotokozedwa mu ntchito za ntchito. Ntchito yawo sikuti amangokhala tchuthi chazogulitsa. Pali njira yayitali yopangira zinthu kuti ikwaniritse.
Udindo wa ogulitsa amathanso kudziwa:
- Kufalitsa kompyuta pamalo oyenera;
- Kudziwa zoyambira za ndalama za ndalama, scanner, terminal, maluso othandiza a ntchito;
- Ziyenera kudziwa bwino za katundu wamagulu osiyanasiyana;
- Kukhala ndi maluso, kutsatsa ndi kugulitsa, kuwerengera ndalama.
Kulingalira kwamakompyuta nthawi zina kumakhala kokakamiza, luso lotsalira limatha kumveka mu njira yophunzirira kapena m'makalasi kapena makalasi.
Waboma
Kukula kwa boma kwa ogwira ntchito nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotere.
Wogwira Ntchito Itha Kuyamba:
- Cashier kapena mlangizi;
- Wogulitsa wamkulu;
- mutu Dipatimenti kapena mutu wa dipatimenti kapena kusintha;
- manejala;
- woyang'anira;
- dimba.
Kukula kwa masitepe othamanga nthawi zambiri kumatengera mawonekedwe a munthu, cholinga chake, ukatswiri. Ntchito zambiri mu bizinesi iliyonse zimatha kukhala ndi zosiyana zomwe zimatengera mbiri ya bizinesi iyi.
Malangizo a ntchito pazakudya ndipo osakhala ogulitsa zakudya amakhala ofanana. Amasiyana mu mawonekedwe a katundu ndi nyengo yosungirako izi.
Kutengera ndi kufotokozera kwa ntchito, ogulitsa kuchuluka amayenera kugwira ntchito zotsatirazi.
- Ogula moyenerera. Wogwira ntchito wogulitsa malonda ayenera kufotokozera makasitomala chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza malonda.
- Onani ndalama (zachuma). Ayenera kuthana ndi ndalama zowerengera, amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zolembetsa ndalama, kusungitsa malonda kudzera mu terminal (makadi abanki), kupanga ndalama za ndalama tsiku lililonse.
- Chitani zoyanjanitsa ndalama ku KKM.
- Kuwongolera kupezeka ndi kulondola kwa ma code pazogulitsa. Pa mtundu uliwonse wa zinthu zoyimirira pa alumali, payenera kukhala chiphaso cha mitengo yomwe imapereka mwayi wogula zambiri.
- Zowongolera Zolamulira Komanso yang'anani malire awo, sinthani kuchuluka kwa zokutira ndi kusinthidwa kwake.
- Ayenera Kuwongolera malo oyenera ndi nthawi yayitali Ndi chidziwitso choyenera. Wogulitsayo amakakamizidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chapano pamtengo munthawi yake. Ntchito ngati imeneyi imachitika mu njira yolandirira katunduyo, asanafike mashelufu. Pokonza mtengo, wogwira ntchito ayenera kudziwitsa ogula za izi ndikudutsa mitengo yatsopano.
- Chitani zosemphana.
- Thandizirani makasitomala Ponena za kupezeka kwa katundu mu mawonekedwe a zokambirana zabwino.
Udindo wa wogwira ntchito umaphatikizaponso kukhazikitsidwa kwa omwe akutenga nawo gawo pakukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama, kukonzanso ndalama.
Nchito
Imodzi mwa maudindo a antchito ogulitsira ndi ulemu waulemu ndi ogula. Ayenera kuyesa kupanga zinthu moyenera posankha zinthu. Ngati mndandandawo umachitika, ogwira ntchito sitoloyo ayenera kutenga njira yomweyo, osalola.
Kupitiliza Ntchito.
- Pangani kuyika kwa katunduyo, kuchita nawonso zibwezeredwe. Wogwira ntchito m'sitolo isanakwane zomwe adapezazo zimayang'ana kupezeka kwa katundu, mawonekedwe ake, amapanga zinthu zina. Imapereka mwayi kwa makasitomala kwa zinthu zomwe zidawonetsedwa. Mu tsiku la ntchito, ziyenera kutsatira kupezeka kwa zinthu ndikubwezeretsanso ngati kuli kofunikira.
- Kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zakuthupi zathanzi.
- Thandizani alendo Posankha malonda.
- Yambitsani malonda. Wogulitsayo amasankha mitundu ya zinthu zomwe zimafuna kukhazikitsa mwachangu. Imakopanso katundu wosankhidwa powatumizira m'malo owoneka bwino kwambiri, omwe amatchedwa "malo otentha", komanso amalangizanso alendo okhudza mapindu ake.
- Kulandira ndi kukonzanso katunduyo. Mukakonzedwa zopangidwa pamtunda, wogulitsa sitolo ayenera kupereka mwayi kwaulere ku zinthu zomwe zimafunikira kuzindikira mwachangu.
- Mitengo yamatambo . Kugwira ntchito kuchipinda chogulitsa, ogulitsa amayenera kutsatira kupezeka kwa ma code ndi mitengo yamtengo wapatali pazinthu zomwe zili ndi chisonyezo cholondola cha kulemera, pokonza mitengo yatsopano, komanso mu mtengo wa katundu.
- Kutenga nawo mbali pazolinga. Atalandira mawuwo kuchokera kumutu wa mawuwo, wogulitsa amalowa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili. Mukamaliza kubwerezabwereza, mawuwo amasamutsidwa kwa wogulitsa kapena woyang'anira (wotsogolera).
- Sinthani nthawi yogulitsa katundu . Kuntchito, ogulitsa antchito ayenera kuchita chilichonse kuti azichita malonda ogulitsa. Zimakhudza izi ndikuyang'ana zomwe amagulitsa. Izi zikapezeka, zimachotsedwa ntchito. Zambiri za izi zimasamutsidwa kwa wogulitsa.
- Amagwiranso ogula potuluka. Kutha kuchita zolemba za Cash.
Komanso, wogulitsa ayenera kutenga nawo mbali mobwerezabwereza musilikali womwe wafunsidwa, makalasi pafupipafupi, akuwonjezera mphamvu yake. Ayenera kukwaniritsa zogonana zakugulitsa, komanso kuphunzira pamaluso ena ofunikira pantchitoyo. Wogwira ntchito wogulitsa sayenera kuchita manyazi ndi zonyamula zomwe zimachitika mgululi, ndikudziwitsa za zochitika zomwe sizingakhale zolondola panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Ufulu ndi udindo
Mlangizi sikuti ndi mlangizi wabwino chabe yemwe amadziwa maubwino ndi zovuta za mankhwala, komanso nthumwi ya kampaniyi. Wogwira ntchito aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chofuna kukwaniritsa mapulani pokonzanso malonda.
Ogulitsa ali ndi ufulu wina womwe umatanthawuza zotsatirazi.
- Ntchito Yogwiritsa Ntchito Yodalirika, zikalata zomwe zimafunikira pa ntchitoyi.
- Ali ndi ufulu wopanga malingaliro pakusintha ndandanda ya tsiku, kukonza ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito.
- Malinga ndi macheza, ali ndi ufulu wopezera malo osungirako.
- Khalani ndi inshuwaransi.
- Kulandira zowonongeka.
- Ogwira ntchito zamalonda ogulitsa ali oyenera kulandira malipiro awo, motsatana, dongosolo logwira ntchito. Pakakhala kusagwirizana, kapena ndi malipiro osakwanira, wogulitsa angafune thandizo.
Malinga ndi malamulo ogulitsa ogula ziyenera kukhala ndi udindo wopereka chidziwitso chodalirika . Iyenera kupereka chidziwitso chonse kuti wogulayo akupeza zokhala ndi katundu, moyo wa ntchito, ndi zina zotero. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti chidziwitso cha khanda za kuchuluka kwa mwanayo chidzatha kwa iye, chifukwa chinyengo cha kutaya thupi posachedwa, ndipo wogula azipita kukagula pamalo ena.
Ogulitsa amakhala ndi udindo waukulu (zogulitsa) katundu wogulitsira. Alinso ofunikanso:
- Kuwerengera kwa nthawi ya katundu pa alumali ndi kwa iye;
- pakumaso kwa ma tag;
- chifukwa chogulitsa zinthu zokhala ndi nthawi yovomerezeka;
- Kuti mulembetse bwino zolembedwa, risiti ndi zikalata zowerengera;
- Kwa malingaliro aulemu komanso olondola kwa alendo.
Wogulitsa-Cassiere ndi munthu wachuma. Poyamba, izi zikukhudza udindo wazinthu zakuthupi zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa iye. Cashier imakakamizidwa kuti ibwezeretse kuwonongeka chifukwa cha ndalama potuluka.
Zofunikira
Wogulitsayo ayenera kukhala ndi maluso ena ndikukhala ndi udindo wosakwanira kapena wosauka machitidwe abwino kwambiri. Makhalidwe anu ali ndi zotsatira zabwino pa ntchito. Kukhala ndi luso lalikulu la akatswiri, wogulitsa aliyense adzatha kukwaniritsa zotsatira zomwe mukufuna.
Zofunikira zina zimaperekedwa kuntchito:
- Wogulitsa ayenera kudziwa ndikuwona Malamulo a Russian Federation Ponena za malamulo a malonda, komanso kudziwa maufulu a ogula;
- Wogwira ntchito pa sitolo kapena bizinesi yogulitsa sayenera kuwulula zinsinsi zamalonda kapena kuphwanya magwiridwe antchito a bizinesi;
- Wofunsayo ayenera kudziwa maziko a malonda , ogulitsa, komanso kufooketsa mfundo ya malonda;
- Ayenera kutsatira malamulo oteteza moto , zofuna za chitetezo;
- Osaphwanya chilango ndi zofunikira za dongosololi mkati mwa bizinesi;
- kawiri kawiri Khalani Oyera Malo antchito ndi malo ogulitsira onse.
Muyenera kudziwa kuti ntchitoyi yomwe ili mu chakudya ndizosiyana ndi ntchito mubizinesi ina. Pali muyezo wina, chifukwa chomwe wakhama omwe ali ndi zakudya sayenera kutsatira ukhondo wogwira ntchito, komanso kuyang'ana chitetezo cha zinthu, sankhani katundu wam'talinthu.
Ayenera kudziwa bwino zofunikira za saphip ndikupewa kuphwanya.
Ukhondo mu dipatimenti ya chakudya sikuti ndi chinthu chokongola chokha, komanso chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi ukhondo. Wogulitsayo ayenera kukhala ndi buku lachikhondo ndi mayeso a nthawi ndi nthawi kapena njira. Wogwira ntchito ayenera kuyankhanso chifukwa cha zomwe adachita tsiku logwira ntchito. Kusowa kwa zizolowezi zoipa zakhala mmodzi mwazinthu zofunika pochita ntchito. Ndizovomerezeka kuwonekera kuntchito. Wogulitsa sayenera kukhala ndi ogula amwano, nazipaka, kuba.
Wogulitsayo ayenera kutsatira chida chogwira ntchito molingana ndi mgwirizano kapena mgwirizano wa ntchito, komanso zowongolera pakamwa kapena zolembedwa za makonzedwe omwe akugwirizana ndi ntchito. Pophwanya malangizo a ntchito, makonzedwe ake amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kuchira kwa wogwira ntchitoyo, kuti athetse. Mapeto a mgwirizanowo, wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wotsatira zomwe zili. Poyesa ziyeneretso za ogwira ntchito, akatswiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chikalatachi chikugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga malangizo ovomerezeka, zolemba ndi malamulo ena a malamulo omwe ali m'gululi.
Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo satsatira mokwanira ndi zofunikira za akatswiri, wolemba ntchito angathe kuzisuntha kuti zikhale zofunikira, kapena ndimbitse njira zofunika kuti mupititse luso lotha ntchito.
Maphunziro
Ntchito, wogulitsa ndikofunikira kuti akhale ndi maphunziro apadera. Ubwino umaperekedwa kwa anthu omwe adamaliza ndi yunivesite. Nthawi zambiri, olemba anzawo ntchito amasankha anthu ndi maphunziro owerengera, komanso ndi udindo wochita malonda. Ambiri amakonda kusankha ogwira ntchito omwe aphunzitsidwa, maphunziro ogulitsa, komanso amaphunzirira maphunziro a psychology.
Woyang'anira malo ayenera kukhala ndi:
- Maphunziro oyenera;
- zokumana nazo mu mbiri (makamaka osachepera miyezi isanu ndi umodzi);
- Maluso oyankhulirana ndi zida zamakono, kuphatikizapo mapulogalamu apadera, makina apadera, terminal.
Kuti mupeze izi, ndikofunikira kuphunzira ku makoleji kapena masukulu aukadaulo.
Mutha kupeza maphunziro:
- Mu katswiri wa ku Krasnodar ndi College Custor - Apa mutha kuphunzira kuchokera ku Wogulitsa "Wogulitsa", "wowongolera", komanso "wochita bwino";
- Mu Sum ya Samparasi Yarara of Matekinoloje - Zapadera "Wogulitsa", "Cashissier", nthawi yophunzira zaka 2 ndi miyezi 10;
- Ku Omsk College of Trade, Chuma ndi Ntchito - Mutha kuphunzira pano patatha zaka 9 ndi 11 mu kalasi yapadera "ndikuwunika kwa katundu wa ogula".
Kuti mugwire ntchito, wogulitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chikalata kumapeto kwa sukulu yaukadaulo kapena koleji. Muthanso nditamanenso ntchitoyi muzambiri za "katundu" kapena "oyang'anira" m'mayunivesite ambiri.
Malipiro
Malipiro aogulitsa nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi kubetcha ndi gawo lina la kugulitsa katundu. Itha kukhala yosakhazikika ndikusintha malinga ndi mtundu wa malonda, nyengo ndi zinthu zina. Komanso malipiro wamba amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana kutengera dera. Chifukwa chake, ku Moscow, mlangizi wa sangalaliki ya malipiro pafupifupi 30-32,000,000, pomwe ku Samarara ndiye ruble za 19-20 zikwi.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti malipiro nthawi zambiri amadalira kuchuluka kwa kukwaniritsidwa ndi ma bonasi chifukwa chowonjezera mapulani.
