Chimodzi mwazinthu za sayansi komanso zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi zama psychology. Amaphunzira zambiri za munthu. Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zowoneka bwino ndizofunikira monga nthabwala. Kusuntha kwa nthabwala ndi khalidwe lomwe munthu aliyense ayenera kukhala nacho. Lero mu nkhani yathu tikuona mwatsatanetsatane ndi zomwe zili, ndi mitundu yanji ya nthabwala ndipo ndizotheka kukulitsa nokha.
Ndi chiyani?
Malingaliro a nthabwala ndiye njira yamaganizidwe amtundu wa munthu. Maonekedwe ake akunja agona poti munthu amatha kuwona ndikuwona mawonekedwe amtendere ndikuwazindikira ali ndi malingaliro osayembekezeka ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malingaliro. Kutha kwa nthabwala zambiri zoyamikiridwa kwambiri pamagulu ozungulira, chifukwa chake munthu amene ali ndi nthabwala nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi moyo.
Kuphunzira kwa nthabwala kumakhala ndi asayansi ambiri (akatswiri onse ndi ochita zisudzo). Pankhani imeneyi, pali ziwerengero zambiri za malingaliro otsutsana pa izi.
Kuphatikiza pa psychology, madokotala asayansi monga zilankhulo ndi anthropology omwe akuchita nawo phunziroli.
Amakhulupirira kuti nthabwala ndi nthabwala ndi njira yothanirana ndi vutoli, chotsani miyoyo yamanjenje, imasungunuke ndikukweza mawonekedwe. Nthawi yomweyo, nthabwala za luntha zimawonetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu kukula. Mwachitsanzo, zoterezi, chifukwa masitepewo akuwonetsa kukula kwa anthu komanso, m'malo mwake, nthabwala zogwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimafotokoza za anthu okuru. Chifukwa chake, zitha kunenedwa kuti Khalidwe la nthabwala limakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa zinthu za anthu komanso pagulu. (Mwachitsanzo, mulingo wa maphunziro, chikhalidwe cha anthu mgululi, gulu, dziko, ndi zina).
Munthu amene ali ndi nthabwala Zingwe zokhazikika komanso zimawona bwino zizindikiro zonse . Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti Kukhala ndi malingaliro wamaganizidwe kumeneku kumakhala kwachibadwa kwa anthu, palibe zomwe zimachitika padziko lapansi panobe padziko lapansi sizikhala nthabwala.
Nthawi zina, nthabwala zitha kukwaniritsa udindo wofunikira monga Chitetezo cha malingaliro. Mothandizidwa ndi nthabwala, bambo amabisa ululu wake, akukumana ndi zovuta m'moyo. Komanso, asayansi akuwona kuti, ngakhale kuti nthabwala ndi za paboma, zimatha kukhala ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Chifukwa chake, gulu la nthabwala ndi nthabwala zamagulu ndizakhalidwe zosiyanasiyana za anthu, ana, nthumwi za mtundu umodzi wosanjikiza kapena ntchito imodzi, etc.
Kupanga
Malinga ndi kupereka psychology, malingaliro ndi nthabwala ndi katundu wa umunthu, womwe umayamba kupanga m'mimba. Makamaka zimatengera chilengedwe chakunja cha munthu. Chifukwa chake, makolo ayenera kulabadira anthu amene amalankhulana ndi mwana wawo, komanso magulu omwe amazizungulira tsiku lililonse.
Chizindikiro ichi ndichofunikira munjira yoti Popanda nthabwala yolondola komanso yolingana ndi nthawi, munthu amakhala ovuta kwambiri pamoyo wina. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro onse ndi chitukuko cha mikhalidwe monga kulekerera, kukoma mtima, kutseguka, chisamaliro chiyenera kulipidwa kwa nthabwala. Pankhaniyi, malingaliro a nthabwala sakhala pamalo okhazikika, amatha kuyamba kuyenda bwino m'moyo wa munthu. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kusintha moyenerera, mu chikhalidwe chake komanso mawonekedwe ake.
Zonse zimatengera zomwe munthu ali ndi chidwi ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zilili.
Nchito
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, malingaliro okonda kuseka ndi chizindikiro cha nzeru zapamwamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi amuna ndi akazi (ndi akazi, ndi amuna). Ili ndi gawo lofunikira m'moyo wa aliyense ndipo limathandiza kuthana ndi moyo zambiri. Onani mbali zingapo zazikulu zomwe nthabwala zimasewera pagulu lamakono.
- Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuzindikira tanthauzo lalikulu la chikhalidwe cha malingaliro awa. Munthu amene ali ndi nzeru zodzitukumula amatha msanga komanso mosavuta kulowa pakampani iliyonse. Nthawi yomweyo, mothandizidwa ndi nthabwala, ndizotheka kupewa msaka ndi mikangano, kuchepetsa kupsinjika kwa pakati.
- Kuseketsa kumathandiza munthu kuyang'ana mavuto ake kuyambira nawo, amawachitira zinthu mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, mkhalidwewu umathandizanso zochitika zingapo zoyipa m'moyo (mwachitsanzo, kuchotsedwa ntchito kapena kugawana ndi wokondedwa), zomwe sizingayambitse kusokonezeka kwa malingaliro.
- Kukondweretsa kumathandiza munthu kufotokoza zakukhosi kwake. Mwachitsanzo, zimakhudza kwambiri nkhanza.
- Nthabwala zimathandizira kupanga chithokomiro mu gulu lililonse (Kaya gulu la abwenzi kapena gulu logwira ntchito).
Mndandanda wazomwe walembedwa pa cholinga cha nthabwala sichimatsekedwa. Kwa munthu aliyense, amatha kupeza phindu lake, zinthu zake.
Zomwe zimachitika?
Kuseka kwa nthabwala ndi mtundu uliwonse, kotero anthu osiyanasiyana amatha kusiyanasiyana. Itha kukhala yowuma, yowonda, yopusa, yopotozedwa, sardanic, etc. Kuphatikiza apo, malingaliro ali ofala mpaka kukhumudwitsa kwamphamvu kumadzasiyana kwambiri mwa amuna ndi akazi. Ganizirani mitundu ndi mitundu ya nthabwala.
- Ogwirizana . Mtunduwu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofala kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali ndi nthabwala yabwino, chikondi nthawi zonse nthabwala ndikuuza nthabwala. Nthawi yomweyo, amalandidwa ndi ena ndipo samayesetsa kuwakhumudwitsa. Mtundu wolumikizana umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga bwalo lamphamvu komanso lonse, limathandiza kukhazikitsa ubale wabwino ndi anthu oyandikana nawo. Ngati timalankhula za mtundu wa anthu omwe amadziwika ndi nthabwala zamtunduwu, zimasiyana m'makhalidwe aumwini monga kukoma mtima, ubale wolimba ndi iwo, wachuma.
- Khama . Mtundu wofananawo umawonedwa zachilendo, mwachindunji, ndipo m'njira inayake akhoza kukhala odzisamalira. Harwar yeniyi si onse, motero, si munthu aliyense amene angakhale ndi mwayi wodziwa nthabwala zotere. Anthu omwe ali ndi malingaliro osayenera a nthabwala kuti aseke mavuto awo. Amakhulupirira kuti mtundu woterewu ndi mawonekedwe a anthu amene amakonda kuyankhula ndi anthu (mwachitsanzo, kwa okonda masewera). Mtundu wa umunthu woterewu ndi wovuta, nawonso amakhala ndi nkhawa komanso neurisis, sakhulupirira.
- Wosakaika . Potengera mutu wa mtundu uwu, zitha kumvetsetsa kuti nthabwala zoterezi ndi khalidwe labwino. Nthawi zonse amayesetsa kupeza nthawi zabwino (ngakhale pamavuto ovuta komanso otsutsa), chifukwa chake nthabwala zawo nthawi zambiri zimapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri azikhala nawo. Ntchito yayikulu ya nthabwala za anthu otere ndikupanga kwabwino kwambiri ndikulimbana ndi mikangano yovuta komanso yotsutsana.
- Wandewu . Manyazi amtunduwu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa wakuda. Itha kuzindikira molakwika pamaso pa anthu akunja, monga Joker amasula zophophonya (zotsutsa ena mu mawonekedwe a comtic). Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha nthabwala zakuda ndiye kupezeka kwa chiwongola dzanja chachikulu. Nthawi zambiri, nthabwala zotere ndizofanana ndi nthumwi zachimuna.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti anthu oyandikira amakhala ndi nthabwala, popeza momwemo ubale wawo ungatumizidwe.
Mavuto a anthu osamva nthabwala
Munthu wopanda umunthu wofunikira monga nthabwala akukumana ndi zovuta zambiri malinga ndi chikhalidwe chake. Kusowa kwake kungachititse kuti munthu sangakhale wochezeka komanso wokonda kucheza ndi anthu ena.
Nthawi zambiri anthu oterewa wopha Alibe gawo lofunikira ngati kudziletsa. Motero, ali kwambiri Ndizovuta kukhala ndi kusintha pagulu. Nthawi zambiri, anthu otere amasungulumwa kwambiri, alibe abwenzi apamtima.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kupezeka kwa nthabwala kumakhala kokhazikika. . Izi sizingachitike kuti zikakhala (komabe, akatswiri azamisala amawuzidwa kuti ndi osowa osowa omwe amagwirizana ndi kuvulala kwambiri m'maganizo kapena m'maganizo).
Momwe mungakhalire?
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, lingaliro la nthabwala ndiye mkhalidwe womwe umapangidwa ndikupangidwa mu mawonekedwe a munthu kuyambira ali mwana. Komabe, ngati simusangalala ndi nthabwala zanu ndipo simukudziwa zoyenera kuchita kuti "mukweze" kwa okwera, ndiye kuti muyenera kutsogoleredwa ndi akatswiri a akatswiri.Malamulo Ofunika
Haur ndi mkhalidwe wamunthu womwe ungapangitse kuti moyo ukhale wopambana. Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu amayesetsa kukhala amakula komanso kusintha. Choyamba muyenera kuzindikira kuti izi sizimabadwa, ngati mulibe, simungathe kuimba mlandu makolo anga kapena makolo anga. Kuchita nthabwala kumapangidwa mu maphunziro ndi gawo lalikulu kumadalira malo okhala anthu ambiri, momwe munthu amathera nthawi yake yambiri.
Ngati mwafika kale zaka zokhwima, koma osakhutira ndi nthabwala zanu, ndiye kuti muyamba Ndikofunikira kuchita nawo chitukuko cha zinthu zake zomveka. Chomwe ndichakuti kuseka ndi chiwonetsero cha kulumikizana pakati panu ndi chilengedwe chanu chapafupi. Mukamalumikizana ndi anthu omwe ali osangalatsa kwa inu, mwachangu nzeru zanu zimayamba ndikusintha. Ndikofunikira kuti mumvere nokha komanso momwe mumakhalira. Muyenera kukhala ogwirizana nanu. Nthawi yomweyo, chikhalidwe chotere chikuyenera kupangidwa ngati kuthekera kudziseka.
Zindikirani ntchito zanu zamatsenga . Yesani kudziyang'ana nokha komanso muzomwe mumachita mwatsopano, zomwe sizinaphunzire. Chifukwa chake, muphunzitse mtundu wofunika kwambiri wa chikhalidwe chanu ngati kudziyambitsa. Yesani kuzindikira nthawi zoseketsa komanso zojambula zamakono pazomwe mumachita tsiku lililonse. Yang'anani mbali zopanga za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kuphatikiza apo, munthu amene akufuna kulera ndi kukulitsa nthabwala zake, Ayenera kukhala ndi kudzitukumula: Werengani mabuku, amapita pamaphunziro (zophunzitsira, seminare, misonkhano, ndi zina zotere. Ndikofunikanso kuwonjezera mawu anu.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi nthabwala zapamwamba. Musaiwale kuti kuseka ndi chinthu chabwino chomwe chiyenera kukhala chabwino komanso chiyembekezo. Palibe chifukwa choti sangakhale chomwe chimayambitsa zochitika zoyipa zakunja. Mwanjira imeneyi kuti kuyesa koopsa sikuvulaza ena, muyenera kukulitsa mikhalidwe monga kulekerera, kuzindikira komanso kulekerera.
Imizidwani mu gawo loseketsa nthawi zonse. Mwa izi, onani pafupipafupi zolankhula ndi mafilimu oseketsa, werengani mabuku oseketsa, etc. Ndikofunikanso kukulitsa kumverera kwa chipongwe.
Pa nchito
Akatswiri azindikire kuti pakukula kwa nthabwala, muyenera kuchita zolimbitsa thupi zoyenera.
- Chimodzi mwazabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayanjano. Phunzirani kuwona zinthu zomwe poyamba pakuyang'ana ndizosagwirizana, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuzisiyanitsa ndi china chilichonse. Kuphatikiza pa mayanjano, njira zina zaluso zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito (mwachitsanzo, kuyerekezera, zigawo, m'mafanizo).
- Osawopa kuti atchule zinthu mokweza. Mawuwo kapena mawu, omwe poyamba akuwoneka kuti amawoneka zopanda pake, amatha kukhala pachiwopsezo cha nthabwala zanu.
- Yesani kupanga nthabwala zapadera komanso zapadera. Choyamba chizikhala choyenera abwenzi anu apamtima omwe mumagawana zokonda zomwe mumakonda (mwachitsanzo, nthabwala zamafilimu omwe mumakonda, pogwiritsa ntchito matchulidwe a kinocartartes), ndipo wachiwiri uyenera kuzindikira bwino nthawi zina.
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira ngati izi kuti mupange nthabwala ngati hyperbole (kukokomeza). Ngati mumapereka zochitika zofunika kwambiri kapena zokulitsa kuzindikira zomwe zikuchitika, phunzirani momwe mungapangire nthabwala zomwe zingayandikire izi kapena zomwe zingachitike m'moyo wanu.
- Konzaninso mawu ofananira ndi okhazikika. Kuphatikiza apo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwo pafupi ndi tanthauzolo m'malo mwa omwe adamvetsetsa poyamba.
- Kuti mukhale ndi nthabwala, ndizothandiza kwambiri kuyesa kupanga nthabwala zingapo . Mawu onena komanso ndakatulo komanso ndakatuloyi amalowezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo m'tsogolo nthawi yayitali amaperekedwa pakamwa mpaka pakamwa.
- Pangani malingaliro abwino pamoyo ndi zonse zomwe zikuchitika. Yesani kuchepetsa zoipa, siyani kulankhulana ndi anthu achisoni komanso okhumudwitsa. Chifukwa chake, mudzakhala ndi zifukwa zokhazikika zokhalira achimwemwe, kuseka ndi nthabwala.
- Lolani chifuno chake cha malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake. Nthawi zina chifukwa cha chikumbumtima cha munthu, nthabwala zosangalatsa kwambiri komanso zosangalatsazi zimapangidwa, zomwe sizingapangitse cholinga pazinthu izi, ngati mumalimbikira kwambiri zochita ndi ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
- Khalani ndi nthabwala pa nthabwala. Ngati mnzanu kapena munthu wina aliyense wapamtima adanenanso zina zoseketsa pakulankhulana kwanu, yesani kuyankha chinthu choseketsa ndikupitiliza mutu.
- Onani mosamala zomwe zimakhudza nthabwala zanu. Sinthani, kukulitsa ndikukhazikitsa njira zomwe zimayambitsa yankho labwino.
Chifukwa chake, malingaliro a nthabwala ndi mkhalidwe wotere, wopanda zomwe palibe munthu angachite m'moyo wake. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukulitsa katundu wanuyo kuyambira ubwana. Ndipo ngakhale makolo anu akadaphonya mphindiyo ndipo sanamupatse chidwi chokwanira, simuyenera kukwiya.
Mutha kusintha mawonekedwe anu oseketsa m'kukula, chinthu chachikulu ndikumvetsera ku upangiri ndi malingaliro a akatswiri.
