Pakati pa zaka za zana la XIX, sasoka chinthu kuti chizilamula kapena kukonza sizinali za aliyense kuti aliyense aletse, popeza ntchito zowonjezera zimawononga ndalama zochepa. Mwamwayi, makina otuwa otuwa adawonekera, omwe adathandizira moyo wa masheji ambiri. Popita nthawi, adayamba kuyenda bwino, zomwe zidathandiza pangani zolimbitsa thupi zenizeni.
Mbiri yazakale
Makina otuwa alibe mawonekedwe ambiri komanso mizere yambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito studio yapadera. Koma kugwira ntchito kunyumba, makina oterowo ndiye njira yabwino kwambiri. Kugwira ntchito ndi phazi lakumanzere, manjawo adakhalabe aufulu, omwe amaloledwa kufulumizitsa njira yosoka ndikuwongolera mtundu wa malonda.
Amadziwika kuti Mlengi wa mtunduwu adatunga Isaki . Anali iye amene anatero kuti masitima azitha kusuntha minofu mbali zosiyanasiyana ndikupanga ma seams osadziwika. Ndi kubwera kwa phazi drive, seams inayamba kukhala bwino, yomwe imatha ntchito.
Ndipo adadziwikanso kuti Panalinso opanga ena a makina osokera ndi phazi likugwira ntchito, koma sanagwere m'mbiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuvomerezedwa ndi lamulo lopanga, kunali kofunikira kulipira omwe adatsogolera Isake sanachite ndikukhala othandizira kupanga mitundu yatsopano.
Wopanga makinawo adachita kuti singanowo imasunthika, osati molunjika, monga momwe zinaliri m'mitundu yapita. Kenako anasintha chipangizocho ndi paw wapadera, womwe ndi Kell adafuna. Chifukwa cha njira izi, nsaluyo idajambulidwa ndikusunthidwa momasuka komwe masitima amatumiza.
Zaka zitatu pambuyo pa chilengedwe choyamba, Zinger zidayambitsa kampani yake Kumene mitundu yapamwamba idapangidwa kale, mothandizidwa ndi omwe ma seams ovuta atha kuchitidwa ndipo imathamanga kwambiri. Popita nthawi, anthu olemba mabuku adayamba kugulitsa m'zigawo, idachitika kuti iwo asakwanitse, komanso anthu wamba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kampaniyo yatchuka kwambiri, ndipo patapita zaka zingapo atatsegulidwa koyamba, zina zinkawoneka, komanso m'maiko osiyanasiyana.
Ndikofunika kuti Isaki ayesetse kutchuka: Kupatula apo, makina oyamba owoneka ndi phazi lokhala ndi phazi la Xix linagwira ntchito zaka za zana la XIX, ndipo mitundu ina imagwirabe ntchito.
Buku la Ogwiritsa
Eni ake ambiri anakhalabe makina osoka phazi, Koma si aliyense amene amadziwa malangizo ake ogwiritsa ntchito.
- Poyamba, ndikoyenera kukonza makinawo palokha, omwe amamangidwa mu bokosi la pagome . Pachifukwa ichi, valavu yakutsogolo imatuluka, mutu wamakina adatulutsidwa, ndikuti kukhazikika, valavu imatsitsidwa.
- Pali mkombero wa gudumu loyambira, lomwe limapita limodzi ndi matumbo . Imayikidwa pa lamba wozungulira wolumikiza pulley wa flywel ndi woponya. Chifukwa cha izi, kusinthasintha kumachitika.
- Mukugwira ntchito, kumangokakamizidwa nthawi zonse , pakubweza kumene kusuntha kwa oscillatory kumachitika. Izi zimayamba kuzungulira ndodo yolumikiza ndi crank, iwonso, amagwiritsa ntchito gudumu lotsegula.
- Kudzaza ulusi, muyenera kusintha kuchokera ku coil pa bobbin . Pachifukwa ichi, coil imayikidwa pa pini yapamwamba yamakina. Kenako, muyenera kutembenuzira ulusi wapamwamba, mudzaze ndikutulutsa ulusi wotsika. Pamapeto pa ulusi wapamwamba komanso wotsika muyenera kuyamba kutuluka.
Kugwirira ntchito malembedwe otere, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo.
- Nthawi zonse yang'anani ndi mayendedwe a manja ndi miyendo. Ngati kusunthaku ndi kosamveka, ndiye kuti mutha kuwononga zinthuzo.
- Nditamaliza lamba, ndikofunikira kuwombera ndi unyolo wapadera, ndipo Ndizotheka kuvala kokha musanayambe kusoka. Pa ntchitoyi, ndizosatheka kuzigwira kuti zisavulazidwe.
- Ulusi wolemera mwa singano, tsatirani miyendo - Sayenera kukhala pamadimba.
Ngati mungatsatire malamulo onse otetezeka, ndiye kuti chinthu chomalizidwa chitha kupeweka munthawi yochepa.
Chotsatira choyamba chidzakhala kovuta kwambiri kugwira ntchito yosoka ndi phazi loyendetsa. Ndichifukwa chake Kuti muphunzire momwe angayang'anire kuyenda kwa manja ndi miyendo, kuyamba ndi kukhala oyenera kuphunzira momwe angamenyere, ndiye kuti, ingochotsani mayendedwe azondedwa.
Konza
Makina owuluka ndi osakwiya, ndipo pakachitika kusokonezeka, ndizosavuta kukokera mu msonkhano. Chifukwa chake, omwe amagwiritsabe ntchito mtunduwu ayenera kudziwa momwe angapangire kunyumba.
- Kuwulula zomata . Choyamba, muyenera kufooketsa mtedza wotchinga - fungulo la nyanga ndiyoyenera. Kenako, cholembera wamba chimatha kukanidwa ndi zomata zopanda pake. Ngati kukonzekera sikunapangidwe kwa nthawi yayitali, kenako popanda fungulo la nkhope, silingachite zomangira, mwina, zinali bwino kukagona chifukwa cha mafuta ndi fumbi. Nkhani yotsatira iyenera kuyeretsa bwino ndege ya cue screw, mafuta ndi mafuta ndikuyikamo.
- Kusintha mawonekedwe. Kuti muchotse kugogoda, komwe kumachokera pamayendedwe a phazi, muyenera kukweza cene. Ndikosatheka kuchedwa kwambiri chifukwa vutoli limawonekanso. Ngati, titatamira chingwe, kugogoda sikunathe, zitha, kumachokera ku malo ena omwe ali pakatikati pa ntchentche pomwe lamba umalumikizidwa. Tengani izi kuyenera kutengedwa mosamala, chifukwa Hinge iyi ndiyo kubereka. Ngati ili yonse, ndiye kuti mumangopanga mafuta ndi mafuta apadera, kusintha kusiyana. Kupanda kutero, zonyamula ziyenera kusintha yatsopanoyo.
- Kusintha lamba wamagalimoto. Kwa zaka zambiri akuchita opareshoni, lamba limavala, motero ndizofala kwambiri. Lamba weniweni umapangidwa ndi mbewu zosaphika, koma zitha kusinthidwa ndi chingwe wamba chansalu kapena zingwe zachikopa. Ngati simukufuna kusokonezeka, lamba wa phazi limatha kugulidwa pa sitolo yapadera. Ngati lamba lidasweka, ndipo chinthucho sichinachitike, chitha kujambulidwa ndi clip.
M'malo mwake, zonse ndizophweka kwambiri, choncho ndi kusokonezeka kulikonse komwe mungapirire nokha.
Mitundu mitundu
Pali mitundu ingapo yodziwika bwino yosokera ndi phazi loyendetsa phazi.Woyimba.
Mitundu yakaleyi inali yoyamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamayendedwe. Amati zitsulo zamtengo wapatali zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga. Mwa njira, ngati wina ali ndi makope, ndiye kuti mutha kudziwa ngati zitsulo zili zenizeni pamenepo . Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kubweretsa maginito ku zitsulo. Ngati maginito samamatira, ndiye kuti pali chitsulo chamtengo wapatali (golide, siliva kapena palladium). Mtengo wa woimba yosoka makina ndi okwera, koma ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi kuwonjezera apo.
Magalimoto a Soviet ndi tabu
Ku USSR, zosankha zosiyanasiyana kwa ochita sewero zidapangidwa. Chitsanzo chotere ndichabwino chifukwa Muchipinda amatha kukhala othandiza ngati tebulo wamba. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kusoka china chake, ndiye kuti ndunayo imakulungidwa mosavuta. Ndiponso mutha kuwonjezera zonse zomwe mukufuna kusoka.
Mwa njira, makina oyenda ndi matebulo oyenda ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nsalu (phonyebaki, ubweya, silika, silika) ndi zigzags.
Makina Osoka Brand "Seagull". Zinangotumikira mzere wamba komanso wanthindo. Sanagwiritse ntchito kutchuka kwambiri, chifukwa panali zovuta zawo - kusowa kwa lever yapadera.
Mtundu wodziwika bwino Soviet "Podolsk" anali wokondedwa kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa mizere yolunjika ndi yagizag, ndiyotheka kuchita zokongoletsera.
"Orsha"
Gawo la mitundu "orsha" anali Mafuta opangira mafuta apakati ndi pang'ono otayika pa bobbin.
Gulugufe.
Mtunduwu ndi wopangira Chitchaina, koma zitha kugulidwa mumzinda uliwonse wa USSR. Makina aku China amawoneka ngati mabokosi awiri osinthika. Anali chinsalu kwathunthu cha Tery Woimbayo.
Kuti mukhale pachibwenzi, makina osokera ndi phazi limangogulidwa mu madotolo a zigawenga kapena wina kunyumba m'malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Koma, ngakhale kuti mitundu yosoka imasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, mizere yovuta ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito pamakina opanga. Chinthu chachikulu ndikutha kukanikiza moyenera kuti ayang'anire ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka manja ndi miyendo.
Za momwe mungaphunzirire momwe mungapangire Tsamba la Typering ndi phazi la phazi, onani vidiyo yotsatirayi.